簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 吳柏瑩
Wu, Po-Ying
論文名稱: 以延伸整合科技接受模式分析品牌聊天機器人對消費者的行為意圖之影響
Investigating the Consumer Behavioral Intentions of Brand Chatbots based on Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model
指導教授: 林慧斐
Lin, Hui-Fei
口試委員: 蔡欣怡 蔣旭政
口試日期: 2021/06/10
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 大眾傳播研究所
Graduate Institute of Mass Communication
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 138
中文關鍵詞: UTAUT2聊天機器人電子商務社群媒體感知信任感知風險服務品質
英文關鍵詞: UTAUT2, chatbots, e-commerce, social media, perceived trust, perceived risk, service quality
研究方法: 調查研究
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202100890
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:236下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 聊天機器人在生活中的應用越來越普及與多元,電子商務的興盛帶動消費者對使用聊天機器人的接受度與熟悉感,國際研究暨顧問機構Gartner就預測,到2025年,將會有50%的知識工作者在每天的日常中使用聊天機器人,會大幅超過2019的2%。因此,本研究採用延伸整合科技接受模式(UTAUT2)分析對消費者而言哪些因素會影響對聊天機器人的行為意圖。
    本研究以創設虛擬品牌的方式,模擬電商品牌在Facebook中經營粉絲專頁的模式,設計聊天機器人與對話腳本讓未曾體驗過對話式聊天機器人的問卷填答者體驗後再填答問卷,透過SurveyCake共回收了425份有效問卷,在延伸整合科技接受模式理論框架下,刪除不符合研究情境的變項,納入三個符合聊天機器人實際使用情形可能存在的因素,分別是感知信任、感知風險與服務品質,擴充理論框架,更適合解釋消費者對聊天機器人的使用意圖。
    研究結果顯示,共有四個變項對消費的行為意圖會產生顯著的影響,(1)努力期望顯著影響消費者的行為意圖;(2)促進條件顯著影響消費者的行為意圖;(3)感知信任顯著影響消費者的行為意圖;(4)感知風險顯著影響感知信任。在中介效果的部分;(5)社群影響對行為意圖的影響會受到感知信任的部分中介與(6)享樂動機對行為意圖的影響會受到感知信任的部分中介。

    As chatbots have become increasingly popular and diversified over the past years, the prosperity of e-commerce drives consumers' acceptance and familiarity with using chatbots. Conversation chatbots, specially developed in the instant messaging application by brand-side companies, have become a notable tool for advertising, marketing, and customer service functions in many industries. Therefore, this research adopts the UTAUT2 model to analyze which factors affect consumer behavioral intentions towards chatbots.
    This study uses virtual brands to simulate the mode of e-commerce brands operating fan pages on Facebook, designing chatbots and dialogue scripts for questionnaire respondents who have never experienced conversational chatbots before filling out the questionnaire. In this study, a total of 425 valid questionnaires were collected via SurveyCake. Under the framework of the UTAUT2 model, the variables that did not fit the research context were deleted. Three possible factors were included in the actual use of chatbots, namely perceived trust, perceived risk, and service quality, and expand the theoretical framework, which is more suitable for explaining consumer behavioral intentions to use chatbots.
    The research results show that four variables will have a significant impact on consumer behavioral intentions, (1) Effort expectancy significantly affect consumer behavioral intentions; (2) Facilitating conditions affect consumer behavioral intentions significantly ; (3) Perceived trust significantly affects consumers behavioral intentions; (4) Perceived risk significantly affects perceived trust. In the mediation effects ; (5) There is a partial mediating effect of perceived trust on the social influence; (6) There is a partial mediating effect of perceived trust on the hedonic motivation.

    第壹章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與目的 1 第二節 研究問題 5 第三節 研究流程 6 第貳章 文獻探討 7 第一節 聊天機器人 7 一、聊天機器人定義 7 二、聊天機器人的類型 8 三、聊天機器人發展 11 四、聊天機器人相關研究 15 第二節 延伸整合科技接受模式理論發展脈絡 17 一、理性行為理論 17 二、科技接受模式 18 三、動機理論 18 四、計畫行為理論 19 五、結合計畫行為理論與科技接受模式 21 六、個人電腦使用模式 22 七、創新擴散理論 23 八、社會認知理論 24 九、整合性科技接受模式 25 十、小結 26 第三節 延伸整合科技接受模式 28 一、延伸整合科技接受模式 28 二、調節變項 29 三、小結 30 第四節 研究假設與假設推導 31 一、原模型主要變項對行為意圖之影響 32 二、感知風險對行為意圖的影響 36 三、感知信任對行為意圖的影響 37 四、服務品質 39 五、感知風險、感知信任、服務品質具有中介效果 40 第參章 研究方法 46 第一節 研究架構 46 第二節 研究構念定義與衡量 49 一、各變項之構面與操作型定義 49 二、問卷設計 49 三、受測者基本資料 55 第三節 研究對象與調查方式 56 一、研究對象 56 二、虛擬品牌聊天機器人的產品類型選擇 56 三、虛擬品牌粉絲專頁 58 四、研究工具與統計分析 62 五、問卷前測 62 第肆章 資料分析 70 第一節 敘述性統計分析 70 一、受測者基本資料分析 70 二、統計資料分析 72 第二節 信度分析 75 第三節 因素分析 78 一、驗證性因素分析 78 第四節 結構方程模型分析 86 一、結構方程模式分析 86 二、整體模式配適度檢定 86 三、模型中各項假設的成立情形 89 四、中介效果驗證 92 第伍章 結論與討論 95 第一節 研究結果 95 一、努力期望顯著影響消費者的行為意圖 95 二、促進條件顯著影響消費者的行為意圖 96 三、感知信任顯著影響消費者的行為意圖 97 四、感知風險顯著影響感知信任 97 五、社群影響對行為意圖的影響會受到感知信任的部分中介 98 六、享樂動機對行為意圖的影響會受到感知信任的部分中介 98 七、其他對行為意圖的影響上不具有顯著性的變項 99 第二節 研究貢獻 101 一、學術貢獻 101 二、實務貢獻 102 第三節 研究限制與建議 103 一、研究限制 103 二、研究建議 103 參考文獻 105 一、中文部分 105 二、英文部分 109 附錄一:正式問卷 133

    一、中文部分
    Amir, S(2018)。設計聊天機器人:建立對話式體驗(黃朝秋、賴薇如譯),碁峰資訊。(原著出版年:2017)
    Botsman, R (2018)。信任革命:信任的轉移與科技所扮演的角色(林添貴譯),遠流。(原著出版年:2017)
    GoSky (2020,September 7)FB聊天機器人有用嗎?全球最大社群4大優勢,幫助企業達成行銷策略。https://goskyai.com/tw/blog/chatbot-trends/facebook-chatbot/
    上華市場研究調查股份有限公司(2019)。2019手搖飲料品牌偏好調查。https://www.cmisi.com.tw/industry-tracking/2019手搖飲料品牌偏好調查-2/
    王文弘、林獻堂(2008),「網路銀行消費者行為之研究—科技接受模型」。2008年服務創新與應用研討會,臺北科技大學。
    吳金璋(2010)。電子公文線上簽核系統使用之縱斷面研究:以UTAUT為基礎。朝陽科技大學企業管理系碩士班碩士論文。
    宋培華(2019)。以UTAUT2模型探討影響消費者使用行動支付意願因素之研究。中國科技大學碩士論文。
    李宜庭(2020)。以UTAUT2模型探討品牌App結合行動支付之行為意圖。輔仁大學企業管理學系管理學碩士班碩士論文。
    李茂能(2006)。結構方程模式軟體Amos之簡介及其在測驗編製上之應用。台北:心理。
    李卿華(2020)。探討消費者使用行動購物 APP 之影響因素—以UTAUT2模型為基礎。國立中興大學高階經理人碩士在職專班碩士論文。
    林美玲(2005)。網路購物顧客接受模式之研究。國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
    邱皓政(2011)。結構方程模式:LISREL的理論、技術與應用(二版)。臺北市:雙葉書廊。
    凃保民、黃月琴(2017)。行動即時通訊(LINE)與親師溝通--探究影響教師接受之正負向影響因子。資訊社會研究,(33),115-146.
    施學琦、陳怡蓁(2010)。以 UTAUT 架構探討社群網站使用者的使用行為。「電子化企業經營管理理論暨實務研討會」,第 11 屆,187-196。
    徐楷棊(2008)。以台灣網路ATM為例探討虛擬社群及信任對使用者使用意向之影響。開南大學資訊及電子商務學系碩士論文。
    徐慧雯(2016)。聊天機器人使用意願影響因素之研究。臺灣科技大學碩士論文學。
    涂芸芳(2016)。影響使用數位遊戲在華語文教與學之行為意圖研究-以「遊戲學華語II」為例。國立臺灣師範大學圖書資訊學研究所碩士論文。
    翁晨語、黃惠萍。(2017)。以延伸整合型科技接受模式和數位生活型態探討 LINE TV 的使用行為。資訊社會研究,(33),17-63。
    財團法人台灣網路資訊中心(2019)。2019台灣網路報告。https://report.twnic.tw/2019/assets/download/TWNIC_TaiwanInternetReport_2019_CH.pdf
    張偉豪(2011)。論文寫作-SEM不求人。台北:鼎茂。
    張偉豪、鄭時宜(2012)。與結構方程模型共舞:曙光初現。新北市:前程文化。
    郭庭彰(2015)。科技接受度與學習風格對於頭戴式虛擬實境應用在學習行為意圖的影響。中央大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
    陳正昌、程炳林、陳新豐、劉子鍵(2003)。多變量分析方法:統計軟體應用(三版)。台北:五南。
    陳彥妤(2017)。應用延伸型整合科技接受模式探討即時互動反饋系統輔助英語學習使用意向之研究。文藻外語大學國際事業暨跨文化管理研究所碩士論文。
    創市際市場研究顧問公司(2019)。創市際雙週刊第一四一期。https://www.ixresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/InsightXplorer-Biweekly-Report_20191001.pdf
    黃怡婷(2019)。以整合科技接受模型UTAUT探討人工智慧運用於旅宿業使用者接受意願。國立高雄餐旅大學餐旅研究所碩士論文。
    黃欣儀(2018)。以計畫行為理論探討消費者對 oBike 之再使用意願。成功大學碩士論文。
    黃芳銘(2007)。結構方程模式理論與應用(五版)。台北:五南。
    黃義雄(2010)。護理人員使用自由軟體接受程度之研究。經國管理暨健康學院碩士論文。
    黃耀煌(2020)。以整合科技接受模式UTAUT,探討事故關係人使用交通事故資料網路系統申請資料之意圖研究---以高雄市為例。國立中山大學資訊管理學系研究所碩士論文。
    楊小嬌(2014)。以UTAUT 2探討國中生對智慧手機與平板電腦使用之研究。南臺科技大學碩士論文。
    經濟部統計處(2019年,6月17日)飲料店營業額連續14年正成長,(產業經濟統計簡訊337)https://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/dos/bulletin/Bulletin.aspx?kind=9&html=1&menu_id=18808&bull_id=6099
    經濟部統計處(2020年,8月5日)「宅經濟」發酵,帶動網路銷售額成長,(產業經濟統計簡訊363)https://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/dos/bulletin/Bulletin.aspx?kind=9&html=1&menu_id=18808&bull_id=7590
    葉盈君(2012)。淺談計畫行為理論。國家教育研究院電子報,15。
    榮泰生(2011)。AMOS與研究方法。臺北市:五南圖書出版社。
    劉淇沛(2018)。以延伸整合型科技接受模式(UTAUT2)探討消費者觀看線上直播流行音樂演唱會行為意向之研究。文藻外語大學碩士論文。
    劉靜怡(2012)。社群網路時代的隱私困境:以 Facebook 為討論對象,臺大法學論叢,41(1), 1-70.
    蕭文龍、陳世智(2018)。AMOS結構方程模式最佳入門實用書。臺北市:碁峰資訊。
    簡士恩(2018)。以UTAUT2探討商業模擬教學遊戲使用意圖。國立彰化師範大學資訊管理學系碩士論文。
    魏文欽(2008)。資料分析技巧:結構方程模式AMOS LISREL SAS 之應用。台北:雙葉書廊。
    二、英文部分
    Achrol, R. S., & Kotler, P. (1999). Marketing in the network economy. Journal of marketing, 63(4), 146-163.
    Ajzen, I. & Fishbein, M. (1980).Understanding Attitude and Predicting Social Behavior, Prentice-Hall.
    Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control (pp.11-39). Springer.
    Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes,50(2), 179-211.
    Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975). A Bayesian analysis of attribution processes. Psychological bulletin, 82(2), 261.
    Alba, J. W., & Hutchinson, J. W. (1987). Dimensions of consumer expertise. Journal of consumer research ,13(4), 411-454.
    American Psychological Association . (2020) . Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed) . https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
    Andrew, J. D., Faubion, C. W., & Palmer, C. D. (2002). The relationship between counselor satisfaction and extrinsic job factors in state rehabilitation agencies. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin,45(4), 223-232.
    Apple(2020) Siri does more than ever. Even before you ask. https://web.archive.org/web/20180913171853/https://www.apple.com/siri/
    Arenas Gaitán, J., Peral Peral, B., & Ramón Jerónimo, M. (2015). Elderly and internet banking: An application of UTAUT2. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,20 (1), 1-23.
    Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R., & Griffin, M. (1994). Work and/or fun: Measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. Journal of Consumer Research,20(4), 644-656.
    Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the academy of marketing science,16(1), 74-94.
    Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Prentice-Hall.
    Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control.
    Bauer, R.A. (1960). Consumer behavior as risk-taking. In R.S. Hancock (Ed.), Dynamic Marketing for a Changing World (pp. 389-398). American Marketing Association.
    Bearden, W. O., Netemeyer, R. G., & Teel, J. E. (1989). Measurement of consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence. Journal of consumer research,15(4), 473-481.
    Bearden, W. O., Sharma, S., & Teel, J. E. (1982). Sample size effects on chi-square and other statistics used in evaluating causal models. Journal of Marketing Research,19, 425-430.
    Bentler, P. M. & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
    Bentler, P. M. (1983). Comfirmatory factor analysis via noniterative estimation: A fast, inexpensive method. Journal of Marketing Research,19, 417-424.
    Bentler, P. M. (1995). EQS structural equations program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software.
    Bentler, P. M. (2007). On tests and indices for evaluating structural models. Personality and Individual differences,42(5), 825-829.
    Bhattacherjee, A. (2002). Individual trust in online firms: Scale development and initial test. Journal of management information systems, 19(1), 211-241.
    Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structure equations with latent variables. New York: John Wiley.
    Bollen, K. A. (1990). Overall fit in covariance structure models: Two types of sample size effects. Psychological Bulletin,107, 256-259.
    Bontis, N., Wu, S., Chen, M. C., Cheng, S. J., & Hwang, Y. (2005). An empirical investigation of the relationship between intellectual capital and firms’ market value and financial performance. Journal of intellectual capital.
    Breivik, E., & Olsson, U. H. (2001). Adding variables to improve fit: the effect of model size on fit assessment in LISREL. In R. Cudeck, du Toit Stephen, & D. Sörbom (Eds), Structural equation modeling: Present and future. A festschrift in honor of Karl Jöreskog (pp.169-194). IL: SSI.
    Brill, T. M., Munoz, L., & Miller, R. J. (2019). Siri, Alexa, and other digital assistants: a study of customer satisfaction with artificial intelligence applications. Journal of Marketing Management, 35(15-16), 1401-1436.
    Brown, I., Cajee, Z., Davies, D. and Stroebel, S. (2003), “Cell phone banking: predictors of adoption in South Africa – an exploratory study”, International Journal of Information Management, 23(2003),381-394.
    Brown, S. A., & Venkatesh, V. (2005). Model of adoption of technology in households: A baseline model test and extension incorporating household life cycle. MIS quarterly, 399-426.
    Browne, M. W. & Arminger, G. (1995). Specification and estimation of mean- and covariance-structure models. In G. Arminger, C. C. Clogg, & M. E. Sobel (Eds.) , Handbook of statistical modeling for the social and behavioral sciences (pp.185-249). New York: Plenum Press.
    Browne, M. W. & Mels, G. (1990). RAMONA user’s guide. Columbus: Department of Psychology, Ohio State University.
    Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    Business Insider Intelligence (2017,Apr 7) Facebook Messenger launches AI-enabled suggestions. https://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-messenger-launches-ai-enabled-suggestions-2017-4
    Carmines, E. G., & McIver, J. P. (1981). Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structure. In G. W. Bohrnstedt and E. F. Borgatta (eds.), Social measurement: Current issues.
    Carpenter,R. (1997). About the Jabberwacky AI. https://web.archive.org/web/20050405201714/http://jabberwacky.com/j2about
    Chandra, S., Srivastava, S. C., & Theng, Y. L. (2010). Evaluating the role of trust in consumer adoption of mobile payment systems: An empirical analysis. Communications of the association for information systems, 27(1), 29.
    Chang, H. H., & Chen, S. W. (2008). The impact of online store environment cues on purchase intention: Trust and perceived risk as a mediator. Online Information Review, 32(6), 818-841
    Chang, H.H. (2008). Intelligent agent’s technology characteristics applied to online auctions’ task: a combined model of TTF and TAM. Technovation,28(9), 564-579.
    Chen, Y. H., & Barnes, S. (2007). Initial trust and online buyer behaviour. Industrial management & data systems.
    Chernenko Denis (2018). How can Artificial Intelligence chatbot change your Business? https://medium.com/chatbot-artificial-intelligence/how-artificial-intelligence-chatbot-can-change-your-business-6905b8c00537
    Cheung, G. W., & Lau, R. S. (2008). Testing mediation and suppression effects of latent variables: Bootstrapping with structural equation models. Organizational research methods,11(2), 296-325.
    Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance. Structural Equation Modeling,9(2), 233-255.
    Childers, T. L., Carr, C. L., Peck, J., & Carson, S. (2001). Hedonic and utilitarian motivations for online retail shopping behavior. Journal of retailing,77(4), 511-535.
    Cho, J., De Zuniga, H. G., Shah, D. V., & McLeod, D. M. (2006). Cue convergence: Associative effects on social intolerance. Communication Research,33(3), 136-154.
    Chris Messina(2016)2016 will be the year of conversational commerce. https://medium.com/chris-messina/2016-will-be-the-year-of-conversational-commerce-1586e85e3991
    Cronin, J., Brady, M.K., & Hult, G. (2000). Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments. Journal of Retailing,76, 193-218.
    Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS quarterly, 319-340.
    Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace 1. Journal of applied social psychology, 22(14), 1111-1132.
    Davis, Fred D., Bagozzi, Richard P. and Warshaw, Paul R.(1989) .User acceptance of computer technology: a comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003.
    Davis, J. C., & Sampson, R. J. (1986). Statistics and data analysis in geology (Vol. 646). Wiley.
    Dayal, S., Landesberg, H., and Zeisser, M. (1999).“How to Build Trust Online” ,Marketing Management, 8(3), 64-69.
    Debecker, A., (2017,May 17). Discovering The Types of Chatbots. Ubisend. https://blog.ubisend.com/discover-chatbots/types-of-chat-bots
    Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Cognitive evaluation theory. In Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior (pp. 43-85). Springer.
    Desaulniers, S. (2016, April 10). Chatbots rise, and the future may be 're-written'. https://www.cnbc.com/2016/04/08/chatbots-rise-and-the-future-may-be-re-written.html
    DeVellis, R. F. (1991). Scale Development: Theory and Applications (Applied Social Research Methods Series, Vol. 26). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
    Doll, W. J., Xia, W., & Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the End-User Computing Satisfaction Instrument. MIS Quarterly,12(2), 259-274.
    Dowling, G. R., & Staelin, R. (1994). A model of perceived risk and intended risk-handling activity. Journal of consumer research,21(1), 119-134.
    Eeuwen, M. V. (2017). Mobile conversational commerce: messenger chatbots as the next interface between businesses and consumers .(Master dissertation, University of Twente).
    Engel, J. F., Blackwell, R.D., & Kollat, D.T. (1995). Consumer Behavior, 8th ed., The Dryden Press, Harcourt Brace College Publisher.
    Fan, X., Thompson, B., & Wang, L. (1999). Effects of sample size, estimation method, and model specification on structural equation modeling fit indexes. Structural Equation Modeling,6, 56-83.
    Finn, R. H. (1972). Effects of some variations in rating scale characteristics on the means and reliabilities of ratings. Educational and Psychological Measurement,32(2), 255-265.
    Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research . Addison-Wesley.
    Fishbein, M., Jaccard, J., Davidson, A. R., Ajzen, I., & Loken, B. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Prentice Hall.
    Flanagin, A. J., & Metzger, M. J. (2007). The role of site features, user attributes, and information verification behaviors on the perceived credibility of web-based information. New media & society,9(2), 319-342.
    Flavia´n, C., Guinalı´u, M. & Gurrea, R. (2006), “The role played by perceived usability, satisfaction and consumer trust on web site loyalty,” Information and Management,43, 1-14.
    Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
    Gartner Report(2017, December 13).Gartner Says By 2020, Artificial Intelligence Will Create More Jobs Than It Eliminates. https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2017-12-13-gartner-says-by-2020-artificial-intelligence-will-create-more-jobs-than-it-eliminates
    Gartner Report(2020, August 10). Brace Yourself for an Explosion of Virtual Assistants. https://blogs.gartner.com/anthony_bradley/2020/08/10/brace-yourself-for-an-explosion-of-virtual-assistants/?_ga=2.11020919.210653197.1615807082-1744411557.1615807082
    Gefen, D. (2002). Customer loyalty in e-commerce. Journal of the association for information systems,3(1), 2.
    Gefen, D. and Straub, D.W. (2004), “Consumer trust in B2C e-commerce and the importance of social presence: experiments in e-products and e-services”, Omega,32(6), 407-424.
    Gefen, D., Karahanna, E., & Straub, D. W. (2003). Trust and TAM in online shopping: An integrated model. MIS quarterly,27(1), 51-90.
    George, J. F. (2002). Influences on the intent to make Internet purchases. Internet Research.
    Grand View Research (2017).Chatbot Market Size To Reach $1.25 Billion By 2025 | CAGR:24.3%. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/press-release/global-chatbot-market
    Green, M. C.(2005) Trust in Internet relationship. Unpublished manuscript
    Griol, D., Carbó, J., & Molina, J. M. (2013). An automatic dialog simulation technique to develop and evaluate interactive conversational agents. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 27(9), 759-780.
    Gruen, T. W., Osmonbekov, T., & Czaplewski, A. J. (2006). eWOM: The impact of customer-to-customer online know-how exchange on customer value and loyalty. Journal of Business research,59(4), 449-456.
    Hair, J. F., Tatham, R. L., Anderson, R. E., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
    Häubl, G., & Trifts, V. (2000). Consumer decision making in online shopping environments: The effects of interactive decision aids. Marketing science,19(1), 4-21.
    Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., Walsh, G., & Gremler, D. D. (2004). Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: what motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the internet?. Journal of interactive marketing,18(1), 38-52.
    Henning, M., & Jardim, A. (1977). The Managerial Woman London: Marion Boyars.
    Herr, P. M., Kardes, F. R., & Kim, J. (1991). Effects of word-of-mouth and product-attribute information on persuasion: An accessibility-diagnosticity perspective. Journal of consumer research,17(4), 454-462.
    Herrero, Á, & San Martín, H. (2017). Explaining the adoption of social networks sites for sharing user-generated content: A revision of the UTAUT2. Computers in Human Behavior,71, 209-217.
    Ho, L. H., Hung, C. L., & Chen, H.C. (2013). Using theoretical models to examine the acceptance behavior of mobile phone messaging to enhance parent–teacher interactions. Computers & Education, 61, 105-114.
    Hoffer,R.(2016).The trouble with bots: A parent’s musings on Smarter Child . https://venturebeat.com/2016/06/15/the-trouble-with-bots-a-parents-musings-on-smarterchild/
    Hoffman, D. L., Novak, T. P., & Peralta, M. (1999). Building consumer trust online. Communications of the ACM,42(4), 80-85.
    Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications (pp. 76-99). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
    Huang, C. Y., Kao, Y. S., Wu, M. J. and Tzeng, G. H. (2013) Deriving factors influencing the acceptance of Pad Phones by using the DNP based UTAUT2 framework. Paper presented at the Technology Management in the IT - Driven Services (PICMET).
    Im, I., Hong, S., & Kang, M. S. (2011). An international comparison of technology adoption: Testing the UTAUT model. Information & management,48(1), 1-8.
    Isaac Mike (2016,April 12) Facebook Bets on Bots for Its Messenger App. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/13/technology/facebook-bets-on-a-bot-resurgence-chattier-than-ever.html?emc=edit_ct_20160414&nl=personaltech&nlid=362333&_r=4&mtrref=www.bnext.com.tw&mtrref=www.nytimes.com&gwh=5ABCF147516CEF096B69C4A5393788A2&gwt=pay
    Jambulingam, M. (2013). Behavioural intention to adopt mobile technology among tertiary students. World applied sciences journal, 22(9), 1262-1271.
    Jarvenpaa, S. L., Tractinsky, N., & Saarinen, L. (1999). Consumer trust in an Internet store: A cross-cultural validation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,5(2)
    Jarvenpaa, S. L., Tractinsky, N., & Vitale, M. (2000). Consumer trust in an Internet store. Information technology and management,1(1), 45-71.
    Jones, T. O., & Sasser Jr, W. E. (1995). Why Satisfied Customers.
    Jöreskog, K. G. (1970). A general method for analysis of covariance structures. Biometrika,57, 239-251.
    Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1989). LISREL 7: A guide to the program and applications. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
    Juniper Research(2018,July 3) Chatbots To Deliver $11bn In Annual Cost Savings For Retail, Banking & Healthcare Sectors By 2023. https://www.juniperresearch.com/press/press-releases/chatbots-to-deliver-11bn-cost-savings-2023
    Kelman, H. C. (1961). Processes of opinion change. Public opinion quarterly,25(1), 57-78.
    Khan, R. & Das, A. (2018). Build better chatbots: A complete Guide to Getting Started with Chatbots.1st ed. Apress.
    Kim, C., Mirusmonov, M., & Lee, I. (2010). An empirical examination of factors influencing the intention to use mobile payment. Computers in Human Behavior,26(3), 310-322.
    Kim, H. W., Xu, Y., & Gupta, S. (2012). Which is more important in Internet shopping, perceived price or trust?. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,11(3), 241-252.
    Kim, J., & Mueller, C. W. (1978). Introduction to factor analysis: What it is and how to do it. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    Kim, K., & Prabhakar, B. (2000). Initial trust, perceived risk, and the adoption of internet banking. ICIS 2000 Proceedings, 55.
    Kim, S. S., & Malhotra, N. K. (2005). A longitudinal model of continued IS use: An integrative view of four mechanisms underlying postadoption phenomena. Management science,51(5), 741-755.
    Kini, A., & Choobineh, J. (1998, January). Trust in electronic commerce: definition and theoretical considerations. In Proceedings of the thirty-first Hawaii International conference on System Sciences.4(4). 51-61.
    Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
    Koenig-Lewis, N., Palmer, A., & Moll, A. (2010). Predicting young consumers' take up of mobile banking services. The International Journal of Bank Marketing, 28(5), 410-432.
    Kotler, P., Armstrong G., Saunders J.,&Wing V., (1999) “ Principals of Marketing, ” 2nd European Edition. Prentice Hall.
    Kröger, F. J., & Johansson, F. (2019). Conversational Commerce: A Quantitative Study on Preferences towards AI-Fueled C-commerce Platforms among Digital Natives in Sweden and Germany (Doctoral dissertation, Jönköping University).
    Kuan, H. H., & Bock, G. W. (2005). An exploratory study of before-interaction trust transference in multichannel retailers.
    Kumar, B. (2016, March 28). How Conversational Commerce Is Forever Changing the Way We Shop. https://www.shopify.com/blog/113660229-how-conversational-commerce-is-forever-changing-the-way-we-shop
    Lau, R. S., & Cheung, G. W. (2012). Estimating and comparing specific mediation effects in complex latent variable models. Organizational Research Methods, 15(1), 3-16.
    Lee, M. K., & Turban, E. (2001). A trust model for consumer internet shopping. International Journal of electronic commerce, 6(1), 75-91.
    Lee, R., Murphy, J., & Neale, L. (2009). The interactions of consumption characteristics on social norms. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 26(4). 277-285.
    Lester, J., Branting, K., & Mott, B. (2004). Conversational agents. The Practical Handbook of Internet Computing. CRC Press
    Lim, N. (2003), “Consumers’ perceived risk: sources versus consequences”, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 2(3), 216-28.
    Limayem, M., Hirt, S. G., & Cheung, C. M. (2007). How habit limits the predictive power of intention: The case of information systems continuance. MIS quarterly, 705-737.
    Lu, W., Luo, Y., Chang, G., & Sun, X. (2011). Synthesis of functional SiO2-coated graphene oxide nanosheets decorated with Ag nanoparticles for H2O2 and glucose detection. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 26(12), 4791-4797.
    Lu, Y., Yang, S., Chau, P. Y., & Cao, Y. (2011). Dynamics between the trust transfer process and intention to use mobile payment services: A cross-environment perspective. Information & management, 48(8), 393-403.
    Luarn, P., & Lin, H. H. (2005). Toward an understanding of the behavioral intention to use mobile banking. Computers in human behavior, 21(6), 873-891.
    Luo, X., Li, H., Zhang, J., & Shim, J. P. (2010). Examining multi-dimensional trust and multi-faceted risk in initial acceptance of emerging technologies: An empirical study of mobile banking services. Decision support systems, 49(2), 222-234.
    Lynott, P. P., & McCandless, N. J. (2000). The impact of age vs. life experience on the gender role attitudes of women in different cohorts. Journal of Women & Aging,12(1-2), 5-21.
    MacCallum, R. C., & Hong, S. (1997). Power analysis in covariance structure modeling using GFI and AGFI. Multivariate Behavioral Research,32, 193-210.
    MacKenzie, D. I., Nichols, J. D., Lachman, G. B., Droege, S., Andrew Royle, J., & Langtimm, C. A. (2002). Estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are less than one. Ecology,83(8), 2248-2255.
    MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to Statistical Mediation Analysis. New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    Malhotra, N. K., Kim, S. S., & Agarwal, J. (2004). Internet users' information privacy concerns (IUIPC): The construct, the scale, and a causal model. Information systems research,15(4), 336-355.
    Marsh, H. W., & Balla, J. R. (1994). Goodness of fit in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size and model parsimony. Quality & Quality, 28, 185-217.
    Marsh, H. W., & Hocevar, D. (1985). Application of confirmatory factor analysis to the study of self-concept: First- and higher order factor models and their invariance across groups. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 562-582.
    Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & Hau, K. T. (1996). An evaluation of incremental fit indexes: A clarification of mathematical and empirical properties. In G. A. Marcoulides and R. E. Schumacker (eds.), Advanced structural equation modeling techniques (pp. 315-353). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 391-410.
    Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of management review,20(3), 709-734.
    McDonald, R. P., & Ho, M. R. (2002). Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analysis. Psychological methods,7, 64-82.
    McKnight, D. H., Choudhury, V., & Kacmar, C. (2002).The impact of initial consumer trust on intentions to transact with a web site: a trust building model. Journal of Strategic Information Systems,11(3-4), 297−323.
    Meeker,M (2017) Internet Trends 2017-Code Conference. Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers. https://www.udparty.com/php/upload/20170602/1496380953696f21f4ac342af4.pdf
    Mehra, R. (2010). Paying for goods and services using a mobile phone: Exploring mobile payment use and adoption (Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology).
    Meola Andrew (2016,Jun 11) The mobile app boom has ended. Business Insider . https://www.businessinsider.com/the-mobile-app-boom-is-over-2016-6
    Messina, C(2016) 2016 will be the year of conversational commerce. Medium https://medium.com/chris-messina/2016-will-be-the-year-of-conversational-commerce-1586e85e3991
    Mitchell, V.W. (1999) Consumer Perceived Risk: Conceptualisations and Models. European Journal of Marketing,33,163-195.
    Moore, G. C., & Benbasat, I. (1991). Development of an instrument to measure the perceptions of adopting an information technology innovation. Information systems research, 2(3), 192-222.
    Morris, M. G., & Venkatesh, V. (2000). Age differences in technology adoption decisions: Implications for a changing work force. Personnel psychology, 53(2), 375-403.
    Morris, M. G., Venkatesh, V., & Ackerman, P. L. (2005). Gender and age differences in employee decisions about new technology: An extension to the theory of planned behavior. IEEE transactions on engineering management,52(1), 69-84.
    Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Altine, J. V., Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C. D. (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin,105(3), 430-445.
    Muldowney,O. (2017). Chatbots : An Introduction And Easy Guide To Making Your Own. Curses & Magic
    NapoleonCat(April,2021)Facebook users in Taiwan. https://napoleoncat.com/stats/facebook-users-in-taiwan/2021/04
    Nimavat, K., Champaneria, T. (2017) Chatbots: an overview types, architecture, tools and future possibilities. International Journal for Scientific Research & Development 5(17), 2321-0613
    Nunnally, J. C. (1978). An overview of psychological measurement. Clinical diagnosis of mental disorders, 97-146.
    Nysveen, H., Pedersen, P. E., & Thorbjørnsen, H. (2005). Intentions to use mobile services: Antecedents and cross-service comparisons. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 33(3), 330-346.
    Oliver, R. L. (1996). Varieties of value in the consumption satisfaction response. ACR North American Advances.
    Onlim (2017 Oct 12 )The History of Chatbots. https://onlim.com/en/the-history-of-chatbots/
    Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research. Journal of marketing, 49(4), 41-50.
    Parasuraman, A., Berry, L. L., Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12-40.
    Pavlou, P. A. (2003). Consumer acceptance of electronic commerce: Integrating trust and risk with the technology acceptance model. International journal of electronic commerce,7(3), 101-134.
    Perez, S. (2016). Microsoft silences its new AI bot Tay, after Twitter users teach it racism. Tech Crunch. https://cutt.ly/ylw6eOB
    Pinho, J. C. M. R., & Soares, A. M. (2011). Examining the technology acceptance model in the adoption of social networks. Journal of research in Interactive Marketing,5(2/3), 116-129.
    Plude, D. J. (1985). Attention and performance: Identifying and localizing age deficits. Aging and Human Performance, 47-99.
    Raman, A., & Don, Y. (2013). Preservice teachers' acceptance of learning management software: An application of the UTAUT2 model. International Education Studies, 6(7), 157-164.
    Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2006). On multilevel model reliability estimation from the perspective of structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling,13(1), 130-141.
    Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2012). A first course in structural equation modeling. Routledge.
    Reichheld, F., & Aspinall, K. (1994). Building high loyalty business systems. Journal of Retail Banking, 15, 21-29.
    Riquelme, H.E. and Rios, R.E. (2010), “The moderating effect of gender in the adoption of mobile banking”, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 28(5). 328-41.
    Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. (4th ed.).Free Press.
    Rotter, G. S., & Portugal, S. M. (1969). Group and individual effects in problem solving. Journal of Applied Psychology,53(4), 338.
    Rousseau, D. M., Sitkin, S. B., Burt, R. S., & Camerer, C. (1998). Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. Academy of management review, 23(3), 393-404.
    Rowley, J. (2000). Product search in e‐shopping: a review and research propositions. Journal of consumer marketing.
    Sadeddin, K. W., Serenko, A., & Hayes, J. (2007). Online shopping bots for electronic commerce: the comparison of functionality and performance. International Journal of Electronic Business,5(6), 576-589.
    Santiago Melián-González, Desiderio Gutiérrez-Taño & Jacques Bulchand-Gidumal (2021) Predicting the intentions to use chatbots for travel and tourism, Current Issues in Tourism,24(2), 192-210.
    Schiffman, L .G. & L. L. Kanuk , (2000). Consumer Behavior, Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall.
    Schiffman, L. G. & Kanuk , L. L. (1991).Consumer Behavior, Prentice-Hall.
    Schlicht, M. (2016, April 20). The Complete Beginner’s Guide To Chatbots. Chatbots Magazine. https://chatbotsmagazine.com/the-complete-beginner-sguide-to-chatbots-8280b7b906ca#.5vs9cl5ut
    Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    Shashaani, L. (1994). Gender-differences in computer experience and its influence on computer attitudes. Journal of Educational Computing Research,11(4), 347-367.
    Shawar, B. A., & Atwell, E. (2007). Chatbots: are they really useful?. In LDV Forum, 22(1) 29-49.
    Shin, D. H. (2010). The effects of trust, security and privacy in social networking: A security-based approach to understand the pattern of adoption. Interacting with computers, 22(5), 428-438.
    Shopify (2016) Conversational Commerce Definition-What is Conversational Commerce. https://www.shopify.com/encyclopedia/conversational-commerce
    Slade, E. L., Dwivedi, Y. K., Piercy, N. C., & Williams, M. D. (2015). Modeling consumers’ adoption intentions of remote mobile payments in the United Kingdom: extending UTAUT with innovativeness, risk, and trust. Psychology & Marketing,32(8), 860-873.
    Sripalawat, J., Thongmak, M., & Ngramyarn, A. (2011). M-banking in metropolitan Bangkok and a comparison with other countries. Journal of computer information systems,51(3), 67-76.
    Steiger, J. H. (1989). EZPATH: A supplementary module for SYSTAT and SYSGRAPH. Evanston, IL: SYSTAT.
    Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25,173-180.
    Sugawara, H. M., & MaCallum, R. C. (1983). Effect of estimation method on incremental fit indexes for covariance structure models. Applied Psychological Measurement,17, 365-377.
    Sun, P. C., Liu, Y. L., & Luo, J. J. (2010). Perceived risk and trust in online group buying context. In 2010 3rd International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering, 3,660-663.
    Surace, K. J., White, G. M., Reeves, B. B., Nass, C. I., Campbell, M. D., Albert, R. D., & Giangola, J. P. (2000). U.S. Patent No. 6,144,938. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/1c/c5/15/bcd6c8d191937a/US6144938.pdf
    Taylor, S., & Todd, P. (1995). Decomposition and crossover effects in the theory of planned behavior: A study of consumer adoption intentions. International journal of research in marketing,12(2), 137-155.
    Taylor, S., & Todd, P. A. (1995). Understanding information technology usage: A test of competing models. Information systems research, 6(2), 144-176.
    Teo, T., & Zhou, M. (2014). Explaining the intention to use technology among university students: a structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Computing in Higher education, 26(2), 124-142.
    Thomas, W. G., Talai, O., and Andrew, J. C. (2006), eWOM: The impact of customer-to- customer online know-how exchange on customer value and loyalty, Journal of Business Research, 59(4), 449-456.
    Thompson, R. L., Higgins, C. A., & Howell, J. M. (1991). Personal computing: toward a conceptual model of utilization. MIS quarterly,125-143.
    Thong, J. Y., Hong, S. J., & Tam, K. Y. (2006). The effects of post-adoption beliefs on the expectation-confirmation model for information technology continuance. International Journal of human-computer studies, 64(9), 799-810.
    Transparency Market Research(2020).Market Research Report--Chatbot Market. https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/chatbot-market.html
    Triandis , H. C. (1971). Attitude and Attitude Change. Wiley Foundations of Social Psychology.
    Turing, A. M. (1950). Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Mind, 59, 433-460.
    Ullman, J. B. (2001). Structural equation modeling. In B. G. Tabachnick and L. S. Fidell (2001), Using Multivariate Statistics (4th ed.): 653-771. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
    Ullman, J. B., & Bentler, P. M. (2003). Structural equation modeling. Handbook of psychology, 607-634.
    Van den Broeck, E., Zarouali, B., & Poels, K. (2019). Chatbot advertising effectiveness: When does the message get through?. Computers in Human Behavior,98, 150-157.
    Van der Heijden, H. (2004). User acceptance of hedonic information systems. MIS quarterly, 695-704.
    Van Slyke, C., Shim, J. T., Johnson, R., & Jiang, J. J. (2006). Concern for information privacy and online consumer purchasing. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 7(6), 16.
    Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS quarterly, 425-478.
    Venkatesh, V., Speier, C., & Morris, M. G. (2002). User acceptance enablers in individual decision making about technology: Toward an integrated model. Decision sciences,33(2), 297-316.
    Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS quarterly, 157-178.
    Wallace, R. S. (2009). The anatomy of ALICE. In Parsing the Turing Test (pp. 181-210). Springer.
    Wang, Y. S., Lin, H. H., & Luarn, P. (2006). Predicting consumer intention to use mobile service. Information systems journal,16(2), 157-179.
    Weizenbaum, J. (1966). ELIZA - a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Commun. ACM, 9, 36-45.
    Wilcox,B.& Wilcox,S. (2015)Brillig Understanding, Inc. http://brilligunderstanding.com/rosedemo.html
    Wixom, B. H., & Watson, H. J. (2001). An empirical investigation of the factors affecting data warehousing success. MIS quarterly, 17-41.
    Xiao, B., & Benbasat, I. (2007). E-commerce product recommendation agents: use, characteristics, and impact. MIS quarterly,31(1), 137-209.
    Xu, X. (2014). Understanding users’ continued use of online games: An application of UTAUT2 in social network games. In P. Lorenz (Ed.), The Sixth International Conferences on Advances in Multimedia (MMEDIA 2014) (pp. 58–65). IARIA.
    Yang, S. (2013). Understanding undergraduate students' adoption of mobile learning model: A perspective of the extended UTAUT2. Journal of convergence information technology,8(10), 969.
    Yang, S., Lu, Y., Gupta, S., Cao, Y., & Zhang, R. (2012). Mobile payment services adoption across time: An empirical study of the effects of behavioral beliefs, social influences, and personal traits. Computers in Human Behavior,28(1), 129-142.
    Yoon, S. J. (2002). The antecedents and consequences of trust in online-purchase decisions. Journal of interactive marketing, 16(2), 47-63.
    Zarouali, B., Van den Broeck, E., Walrave, M., & Poels, K. (2018). Predicting consumer responses to a chatbot on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(8), 491-497.
    Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of marketing, 60(2), 31-46.
    Zmud, R. W. (1979). Individual differences and MIS success: A review of the empirical literature. Management science, 25(10), 966-979.

    無法下載圖示 電子全文延後公開
    2025/02/25
    QR CODE