研究生: |
侯品馨 Hou, Pin-Sin |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
The Effects of Job Insecurity on the Organizational Commitment and the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Policy Support
in the Aviation Industry during the COVID-19 Pandemic The Effects of Job Insecurity on the Organizational Commitment and the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Policy Support in the Aviation Industry during the COVID-19 Pandemic |
指導教授: |
盧承杰
Lu, Cheng-Chieh |
口試委員: |
盧承杰
Lu, Cheng-Chieh 賴志樫 Lai, Chih-Chien 李栢浡 Lee, Pai-Po |
口試日期: | 2022/04/26 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
國際人力資源發展研究所 Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt |
論文出版年: | 2022 |
畢業學年度: | 110 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 87 |
英文關鍵詞: | job insecurity, perceived organizational policy support, organizational commitment |
研究方法: | 調查研究 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202201095 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:103 下載:10 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
The COVID-19 pandemic was an unanticipated tragedy that caused chaos in all industries all over the world. Airline industry is one of the industries seriously impaired by this pandemic, so that employees’ job insecurity resulted from such global crisis becomes an important issue and worthy of investigation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore how job insecurity affected employees’ organizational commitment, and also explore a possible moderating effect of organizational support policy between job insecurity and organizational commitment under this pandemic period. This study adopted quantitative method and an online self-reported questionnaire was developed to collect the data. The valid respondents were 404 employees. Snowball and convenient sampling were used to recruit the participants of this study. The descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were utilized using statistical software IBM SPSS 25.0 to analyze sample’s demographic information and test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that job insecurity is positively associated with continuance commitment, but had a non-significant association with organizational commitment, affective commitment and normative commitment. In addition, there is no significant moderating effect of perceived organizational policy support on the relationship between job insecurity and three dimensions of organizational commitment, respectively. Furthermore, the finding shows that perceived organizational policy support significantly reduces job insecurity and increase organizational commitment of airline employees, suggesting the importance of organizational support policies under this pandemic period.
Keywords: job insecurity, perceived organizational policy support, organizational commitment
Abdullah, A. (2011). Evaluation of Allen and Meyerâ€tms organizational commitment scale: A cross-cultural application in Pakistan. Journal of Education and Vocational Research, 1(3), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v1i3.13
Air Transport Bureau (2022). Effects of novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) on civil aviation: economic impact analysis. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Retrieved June 10, 2022, from https://www.icao.int/sustainability/Documents/COVID-19/ICAO_Coronavirus_Econ_Impact.pdf
Akgunduz, Y., & Eryilmaz, G. (2018). Does turnover intention mediate the effects of job insecurity and co-worker support on social loafing? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 68, 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.09.010
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Organizational commitment: Evidence of career stage effects? Journal of Business Research, 26(1), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(93)90042-N
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1996). Affective, continuance and normative commitment to the. organization: An examination of construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49(3), 252–276. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0043
Ashford, S. J., Lee, C., & Bobko, P. (1989). Content, cause, and consequences of job insecurity: A theory-based measure and substantive test. Academy of Management Journal, 32(4), 803–829. https://doi.org/10.5465/256569
Atchison, T. J., & Lefferts, E. A. (1972). The prediction of turnover using Herzberg’s job satisfaction technique. Personnel Psychology, 25(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1972.tb01090.x
Aubé, C., Rousseau, V., & Morin, E. M. (2007). Perceived organizational support and organizational commitment. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(5), 479–495. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710757209
Babakus, E., Yavas, U., & Karatepe, O. M. (2008). The effects of job demands, job resources and intrinsic motivation on emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions: A study in the Turkish hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 9(4), 384–404. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480802427339
Bakan, İ., Büyükbeşe, T., & Erşahan, B. (2011). An investigation of organizational commitment and education level among employees. International Journal of Emerging Sciences, 1(3), 231–245. http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/78583095/investigation-organizational-commitment-education-level-among-employees
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Blau, P. (2017). Exchange and Power in Social Life. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203792643
Bohle, S. A. L., Chambel, M. J., Medina, F. M., & Cunha, B. S. D. (2018). The role of perceived organizational support in job insecurity and performance. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 58(4), 393–404. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-759020180405
Bosman, J., Buitendach, J. H., & Laba, K. (2005). Job insecurity, burnout and organisational commitment among employees of a financial institution in Gauteng. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 31(4). https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v31i4.210
Buchanan, B. (1974). Building organizational commitment: The socialization of managers in work organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19(4), 533–546. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391809
Buitendach, J. H., & De Witte, H. (2005). Job insecurity, extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction and affective organisational commitment of maintenance workers in a parastatal. South African Journal of Business Management, 36(2), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v36i2.625
Chang, C. L., McAleer, M., & Ramos, V. (2020). A charter for sustainable tourism after COVID-19. Sustainability, 12(9), 3671. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093671
Chen, H., & Eyoun, K. (2021). Do mindfulness and perceived organizational support work? Fear of COVID-19 on restaurant frontline employees’ job insecurity and emotional exhaustion. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 102850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102850
Cheng, G. H. L., & Chan, D. K. S. (2008). Who suffers more from job insecurity? A meta-analytic review. Applied Psychology, 57(2), 272–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00312.x
Cheng, J. C., & O-Yang, Y. (2018). Hotel employee job crafting, burnout, and satisfaction: The moderating role of perceived organizational support. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 72, 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.01.005
Chirumbolo, A., & Hellgren, J. (2003). Individual and organizational consequences of job insecurity: A European study. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 24(2), 217–240. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831x03024002004
Cooper-Hakim, A., & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). The construct of work commitment: Testing an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 131(2), 241–259. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.2.241
Dawley, D., Houghton, J. D., & Bucklew, N. S. (2010). Perceived organizational support and turnover intention: The mediating effects of personal sacrifice and job fit. The Journal of Social Psychology, 150(3), 238–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540903365463
De Witte, H. (2000). Work ethic and job insecurity: Assessment and consequences for wellbeing, satisfaction and performance at work. From Group to Community, 52, 325–350.
De Witte, H. (2005). Job insecurity: Review of the international literature on definitions, prevalence, antecedents and consequences. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 31(4), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.10520/EJC89073
De Witte, H., & Näswall, K. (2003). `Objective' vs `subjective' job insecurity: Consequences of temporary work for job satisfaction and organizational commitment in four European countries. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 24(2), 149–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831x03024002002
Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.1.51
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied psychology, 71(3), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
Etehadi, B., & Karatepe, O. M. (2019). The impact of job insecurity on critical hotel employee outcomes: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(6), 665–689. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2019.1556768
Getahun Asfaw, A., & Chang, C. C. (2019). The association between job insecurity and. engagement of employees at work. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 34(2), 96–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2019.1600409
Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161–178. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092623
Greenhalgh, L., & Rosenblatt, Z. (1984). Job insecurity: Toward conceptual clarity. The Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 438–448. https://doi.org/10.2307/258284
Guzzo, R. A., Noonan, K. A., & Elron, E. (1994). Expatriate managers and the psychological contract. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 617–626. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.4.617
Hackett, R. D., Lapierre, L. M., & Hausdorf, P. A. (2001). Understanding the links between work commitment constructs. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58(3), 392–413. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2000.1776
Hall, D. T., Schneider, B., & Nygren, H. T. (1970). Personal factors in organizational identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), 176–190. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391488
Hannigan, B., Edwards, D., & Burnard, P. (2004). Stress and stress management in clinical psychology: Findings from a systematic review. Journal of Mental Health, 13(3), 235–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638230410001700871
Heaney, C. A., Israel, B. A., & House, J. S. (1994). Chronic job insecurity among automobile workers: Effects on job satisfaction and health. Social Science & Medicine, 38(10), 1431–1437. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)90281-x
Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J. P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5(1), 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254742561_Structural_Equation_Modeling_Guidelines_for_Determining_Model_Fit
Jiang, L., & Lavaysse, L. M. (2018). Cognitive and affective job insecurity: A meta-analysis and a primary study. Journal of Management, 44(6), 2307–2342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318773853
Karatepe, O. M. (2015). Do personal resources mediate the effect of perceived organizational support on emotional exhaustion and job outcomes? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(1), 4–26. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2013-0417
Karatepe, O. M., Rezapouraghdam, H., & Hassannia, R. (2020). Job insecurity, work engagement and their effects on hotel employees’ non-green and nonattendance behaviors. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 102472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102472
Kim, S., Wong, A. K., Han, H., & Yeung, M. W. (2021). Airline employees’ stress amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and its job-related consequences. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 27(1), 30–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.1998158
Kinnunen, U., Mauno, S., Nätti, J., & Happonen, M. (2000). Organizational antecedents and outcomes of job insecurity: A longitudinal study in three organizations in Finland. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(4), 443–459. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(200006)21:4<443::aid-job24>3.0.co;2-n
Kumar, N., & Haydon, D. (2020, April 7). Industries most and least impacted by COVID-19 from a probability of default perspective – March 2020 update. S&P Global Market Intelligence. https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/newsinsights/blog/industries-most-and-least-impacted-by-covid-19-from-a-probability-of-default-perspective-march-2020-update.
Lambert, E. G. (2004). The impact of job characteristics on correctional staff members. The Prison Journal, 84(2), 208–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885504265078
Lee, S. M. (1971). An empirical analysis of organizational identification. Academy of Management Journal, 14(2), 213–226. https://doi.org/10.5465/255308
Levinson, H. (1965). Reciprocation: The relationship between man and organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 9(4), 370. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391032
Lo Presti, A., & Nonnis, M. (2012). Moderated effects of job insecurity on work engagement and distress. TPM: Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 19(2), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1037/e572992012-425
Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 171–194. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.171
Matthijs Bal, P., Chiaburu, D. S., & Jansen, P. G. W. (2010). Psychological contract breach and work performance: Is social exchange a buffer or an intensifier? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(3), 252–273. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941011023730
McLeod, S. A. (2022, April 4). Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
McMillan, R. (1997). Customer satisfaction and organizational support for service providers. Florida: Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. https://0-www.proquest.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/dissertations-theses/customer-satisfaction-organizational-support/docview/304391736/se-2?accountid=14228
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/ 10.4135/9781452231556.n2
Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20–52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1982). Consequences of employee commitment, turnover, and absenteeism. Employee–Organization Linkages, 135–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-509370-5.50010-1
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (2013). Employee—Organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic Press. https://doi.org/ 10.2307/2068333
Mowday, R. T., & Steers, R. M. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
Niesen, W., Van Hootegem, A., Vander Elst, T., Battistelli, A., & De Witte, H. (2018). Job insecurity and innovative work behaviour: A psychological contract perspective. Psychologica Belgica, 57(4), 174–189. https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.381
O'Reilly, C. A., & Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 492–499. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.492
Paraskevas, A. (2006). Crisis management or crisis response system? A complexity science approach to organizational crises. Management Decision, 44(7), 892–907. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740610680587
Pienaar, J., Witte, H. D., Hellgren, J., & Sverke, M. (2013). The cognitive/affective distinction of job insecurity: Validation and differential relations. Southern African Business Review, 17(2), 1–22.
Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603–609. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037335
Randall, M. L., Cropanzano, R., Bormann, C. A., & Birjulin, A. (1999). Organizational politics and organizational support as predictors of work attitudes, job performance, and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(2), 159–174. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(199903)20:2<159::aid-job881>3.0.co;2-7
Reilly, N. P., & Orsak, C. L. (1991). A career stage analysis of career and organizational commitment in nursing. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 39(3), 311–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(91)90041-J
Ren, C. H. (2000). Understanding and managing the dynamics of linked crisis events. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 9(1), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560010316023
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 825–836. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.5.825
Rousseau, D. M. (1998). The ‘problem’ of the psychological contract considered. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19(1), 665–671. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(1998)19:1+<665::aid-job972>3.0.co;2-x
Sheldon, M. E. (1971). Investments and involvements as mechanisms producing commitment to the organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16(2), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391824
Shin, Y., & Hur, W. M. (2020). When do job-insecure employees keep performing well? The buffering roles of help and prosocial motivation in the relationship between job insecurity, work engagement, and job performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 36(4), 659–678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-020-09694-4
Shore, L. M., & Wayne, Y. J. (1993). Commitment and employee behavior: Comparison of affective commitment and continuance commitment with perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(5), 774–780. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.5.774
Shrivastava, P., Mitroff, I. I., Miller, D., & Miclani, A. (1988). Understanding industrial crises[1]. Journal of Management Studies, 25(4), 285–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00038.x
Silla, I., De Cuyper, N., Gracia, F. J., Peiró, J. M., & De Witte, H. (2008). Job insecurity and well-being: Moderation by employability. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(6), 739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-008-9119-0
Staufenbiel, T., & König, C. J. (2010). A model for the effects of job insecurity on performance, turnover intention, and absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(1), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X401912
Staw, B. M. (1977). Two sides of commitment. In annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Orlando, FL.
Steers, R. M. (1977). Antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment. Administrative science quarterly, 22(1), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391745
Sverke, M., Hellgren, J., & Näswall, K. (2002). No security: A meta-analysis and review of job insecurity and its consequences. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(3), 242–264. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.7.3.242
Wang, H. J., Lu, C. Q., & Siu, O. L. (2015). Job insecurity and job performance: The moderating role of organizational justice and the mediating role of work engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(4), 1249–1258. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038330
Witt, L. A. (1991). Exchange ideology as a moderator of job attitudes-organizational citizenship behaviors relationships. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21(18), 1490–1501. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00483.x
Yu, C., & Frenkel, S. J. (2012). Explaining task performance and creativity from perceived organizational support theory: Which mechanisms are more important? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(8), 1165–1181. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1844
Zangaro, G. A. (2001). Organizational commitment: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 36(2), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.2001.tb01179.x