本研究主旨在澄清慧能禪自性認同體用系統的心性觀，是否能提供一種適切的角度，
來描述個人自我基模特性與心理健康狀態的關係；以及禪修是否能有效地調整自我基模，
使個體具有較健康的自我基模特性。 具體化為四項研究目的：(一)瞭解個人自我基模
特性與心理健康狀態的關係，(二) 瞭解短期密集禪修前後自我基模特性、心理健康狀態
的變化，(三) 瞭解密集禪修過程中，個人知覺特性的變化歷程，(四)瞭解初習禪修者在
禪修前後一段時期內，在自我基模特性、心理健康狀態及主觀經驗的變化歷程； 並分別
以兩個研究來達成。 一、 研究一 研究一採用調查研究，來達成研究目的(一)
；是以三組不同心理健康程度的高中職學生五十四人為對象，分別將三組受試的 [知覺習
慣量表] 得分進行單因子變異數分析；並根據自我基模特性編碼結果，將 [情緒特性][知
覺內容][知覺方式] [關係特性]等四種指標，進行獨立性的χ2 考驗等統計處理。其結果
發現： 三組受試在〔知覺習慣量表〕得分有顯著差異，在自我基模的結構特性上，包
括：[情緒類別]、 [認同對象]、[知覺方式]、 [ 關係特性] 等指標的次數分佈均有顯著
不同。也就是心理愈健康者，其自我特性是對個人自我、社會認同的比率愈均衡、高層次
關係愈多、和諧情緒愈多、表現最多正向情感知覺、最少負向情感知覺；也表現愈多正確
知覺特性。 三組間具有同質性，但是主要的差異性特色反映出因心理健康程度有別，
對慧能禪觀的自性基模的符合程度亦高低有別。 二、 研究二 研究二綜合應
用計量的及質的研究方法，來達到研究目的(二)、(三)，及(四)。 為達到研究目的 (
二)，採用不等組前後測設計，是以實驗組 (參加禪修) 八名 與控制組十四名高中職學生
為對象。將兩組受試在柯氏性格量表的健康量尺、神經質量尺，及知覺習慣量表得分進行
單因子共變數分析，逐一將自我基模特性的情緒特性、知覺內容、知覺方式，及關係特性
等四種指標，進行獨立性的χ2 考驗等統計處理，其結果研究發現： 禪修後能有效減
少自我基模特性的負向情緒，促進高層次關係特性及正確知覺習慣；但對於心理健康特性
及其他自我特性的改變則不明顯。 為達到研究目的 (三)，採用時間序列設計，以八
名禪修組受試為對象，將〔意識流特性〕中正確知覺方式、不正確知覺、禪坐特性等的得
分，及和諧情緒分數等，分別進行趨向分析，結果顯示：禪修過程中不正確知覺特性明顯
地逐次減少；其餘知覺特性的變化不明顯。 經將意識流四種特性的逐一繪圖分析比較
後，發現意識流趨向特性呈現相對性、層次性變化；並受到評量時段、禪修前後階段特色
的影響，具有個別差異性。又從八位禪修受試的個別分析結果顯示，多數受試在禪修中意
識流特性，及禪修後自我基模及心理健康特性均有所提昇。 為達到研究目的 (四)，
這部份研究綜合採用單一受試ABC 倒返研究設計及深度訪談的研究方法，是以三名禪修個
案為對象，經過禪修前、禪修前後測、禪修後兩週、禪修後兩個月等四個階段的追蹤評量
及四次深度訪談後；將自我基模特性次數、 心理健康量表、知覺習慣量表、 意識流特性
等分數，分別比較其各階段的得分改變率及進行階段平均值的 t -考驗等資料處理後，再
綜合訪談內容，加以歸納及比較，結果發現： 1.短期密集式禪修的經驗，具有促進學生
對超越性價值的認同感、產生寧靜體驗、禪修後階段性自我基模特性的提昇及心理適應狀
態的增進等效益。 2 短期禪修效益的持續性，受到生活情境及學生特質，既有觀念相符
程度、未教導的問題轉化應用困難，及是否持續禪修的練習等因素的影響。 3.持續應用
禪修方法於情緒管理，能產生良好的效益，使情緒易於恢復平靜，產生寧靜或愉悅或靜慮
的狀態；使思考明晰， 自我覺察力更敏銳。 綜合研究二結果發現：透過短期密集式
禪修訓練，禪修後和持續而普遍性應用禪觀及禪修方法，可以促使高中職學生具有較良好
的自我基模特性及心理健康狀態。 整體而言，本研究結果支持慧能禪自性認同體用系
統的分析角度適用於對個人自我基模特性與心理健康狀態的瞭解；禪修並能有效地調整自
我基模，使個體具有較健康的自我基模特性；最後研究者根據研究結果提出建議，作為未
來輔導及研究應用之參考。

The present research had a double purposes: first, to explore the relationship
s between mental health and identification with one's "self-nature" as present
ed in the Zen system of Hui-Neng; second, to examine the possible impact of Ze
n meditation, in terms of mental health upon characteristics of one's self-sch
ema.First Part of the StudyThe group-comparison strategy was adopted. Out of a
total of 891 high school students, 54 were selected and then divided into thr
ee groups according to their degree of mental health. Two instruments were use
d, namely, the Perception Habit Scale(PHS), and theTwenty-Sentence-Test about
Self (TSTS). The data of the PHS were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. By coding the
content of the TSTS according to　the self-schema characteristics, there were
four variables: types of emotion, objects of identification, ways of percepti
on, and levels of object-relationship. Those were analyzed through the use of
an independent chi-square (χ2) test. The results were as follows: 1. The
more healthy group scored significantly higher on the PHS than the less healt
hy group. 2. With regard to the self-schema characteristics, significant
differences between the three groups were revealed. Among the subjects of the
more healthy groups were a significantly greater balance between individual an
d social identity, the higher level of object-relationships, the harmony of em
otions, and more positive feelings. Besides, they had less negative feelings .
As a whole, the self-schema of the more healthy groups were more correla
ted to those self-schema typical of an identification with one's "self nature"
as presented in the Zen system of Hui-Neng.Second Part of the Study For this
part of the study, three different strategies were adopted. The first one cons
isted in a pre-post test of two unequal groups. The experimental group was con
stituted of 8 high-school students who, for this experiment, participated in a
four-day Zen Meditation Program. The control group was formed of 14 other hig
h-school students. The following scales were used: the Perception Habit Scale
(PHS), the Heath Scale (HS) and the Nervousness Scale (NS). The data were anal
yzed through the use of one-way ANOVA. As in the first part of the study, the
same four variables found among self-schema were analyzed through the use of i
ndependent chi-square(χ2) test. The results were as follows: 1. On the PH
S, the experimental group scored significantly higher than the control group.
However, on both the HS and the NS, the two groups did not significantly diffe
r. 2. With regard to the self-schema of the experimental group, they were
significantly higher in terms of the level of object-relationships, and the ha
rmony of emotions. But the two groups did not significantly differ in terms of
objects of identification, and ways of perception. A second strategy adopted
a time-series design for the study of the eight subjects of the experimental g
roup. The Consciousness Stream Scale(CSS) was used . It included the four foll
owing variables: the correct ways of perception, the incorrect ways of percept
ion, the Zen characteristics, and the harmony of emotions. Those were measured
through the use of Trend-Analysis. The results were as follows: 1. During
the Zen meditation, the incorrect ways of perception decreased significantly
with time, though the other characteristics did not significantly change.
2. The trend of CSS changed relativity and orderly and periodically according
to the stages of the Zen meditation and with individual differences. A!third m
ethodology, which was used, was the case-study design combined with the ABC si
ngle-case design. Among the eight subjects who participated the Zen Meditation
Program, three were chosen: they were tested before and after the Program. Be
sides, after the Program, there was a follow-up twice: the first time, after t
wo weeks, and the second time, after two months. The variables were the four s
elf-schema characteristics, the HS, the NS and the CSS. The data were submitte
d to a t-test, and the changes between stages were compared. The results were
as follows:1. After short-term, intensive Program of Zen Meditation, the subje
cts had improved with regard to their identification with transcendent values
, their mental health, their experience of inner peace, and also the character
istics of their self-schema. Other factors, such as life circumstances, the in
dividual differences of subjects, their original receptivity to Zen concepts,
their way of coping with difficulties, and continuous practice might also have
been partly responsible for the changes observed . 2. A continuous appli
cation of the Zen meditation skills to emotional management may help the regul
ar Zen meditator to copy with his emotions more easily and recover inner seren
ity more rapidly. Besides, it can help him become more cheerful, more able to
focus his attention, to think more clearly and precisely, and to develop shar
per self-awareness. As a whole, the results of the present research support th
e conclusion that the identification with one's "self-nature" as found in the
Zen system of Hui-Neng can help understand the relationship between self-schem
ata and various states of mental health. Besides, the Zen meditation practice
can be a very effective method for modifying self-schema and transforming them
into more healthy ones. Finally, suggestions are proposed for both future res
earch and applications to counseling.