研究生: |
潘薇聿 Pan, Wei-Yu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
身處臺灣的外籍非英語為母語英語教師之教師認同 English Language Teacher Identities of Foreign Non- Native English-Speaking Teachers in Taiwan |
指導教授: |
羅美蘭
Lo, Mei-Lan |
口試委員: |
陳秋蘭
Chern, Chiou-Lan 駱藝瑄 Lo, Yi-Hsuan 羅美蘭 Lo, Mei-Lan |
口試日期: | 2021/09/03 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
英語學系 Department of English |
論文出版年: | 2021 |
畢業學年度: | 109 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 96 |
中文關鍵詞: | 英文為全球通用語 、英語教學 、外語非英語為母語教師 、語言教師認同 |
英文關鍵詞: | English as a lingual franca, English language teaching, foreign non-native English-speaking teacher, language teacher identity |
研究方法: | 主題分析 、 敘事分析 、 深度訪談法 、 半結構式訪談法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101502 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:177 下載:15 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究旨在檢視在臺灣的外籍非英語為母語教師如何建構與重建他們的教師認同,以及此認同過程如何影響他們的教學。英文為全球通用語,在過去的幾十年裡,英語教學在臺灣教育裡佔有舉足輕重的角色,而母語與非母語的二分法觀念也默默地埋下深遠的影響。在臺灣獨特的英語教育與學習背景之下,為數不少的外籍非母語英語教師成為了不可漠視的一部份。此質性研究透過訪談與觀課蒐集資料,以敘事研究與主題分析來深刻刻畫發生在兩位不同背景的外籍非母語英語教師身上的真實故事。在探討兩位來自東西兩方代表性的外籍非母語英語教師與學生、家長和同事的生活經驗中發現:學生與家長的回饋極具影響力,可能帶來正向強化亦可使教師失去動力、減弱熱忱;而與同儕的文化差異與合作再加上他們私下對於彼此的評價會影響這些外籍非母語英語教師的教學名聲。本研究也發現這群教師的語言教師認同會受以下六個因素影響:教師學習、教師背景、教師認知、教師情緒、社群中的教師實踐與背景因素。此研究提供一個機會讓大眾了解這群與我們一同創建臺灣英語教學環境的相較少數但並不稀少的教育者。
This study aimed to examine how foreign non-native English-speaking teachers (FNNESTs) in Taiwan construct and reconstruct their language teacher identities, and how the transformation influences their teaching. English is a Lingual Franca. English language teaching (ELT) has been a salient part of Taiwanese education in the past decades, and the native and non-native dichotomy has been deeply rooted here for a long time. In this context, there are a great number of FNNESTs in Taiwan who have to build up this unique ELT culture. The research aspires to report on a qualitative study that examines these FNNESTs using excerpts from interviews and observation data to tell these true stories happening in Taiwan. By narrative inquiry and thematic analysis, a deeper examination of two significant participants, one from Eastern culture and one from Western culture, demonstrates the unique language teacher identities of the FNNESTs. The findings indicate that student and parent feedback provide either positive effects or demotivation in teaching and passion. Additionally, cultural differences and interactions between colleagues were other major factors that affected teacher reputation in the school. The findings also reveal that the FNNESTs’ identities were influenced by the following factors: teacher learning, teacher biographies, teacher cognition, teacher emotions, participation in communities of practice, and contextual factors. This study acknowledged the perspectives of this valuable yet not rare group of educators who have taken a share of our ELT world in Taiwan.
Agudo, J., & Robinson, I. (2014). Native or non-native? The nativeness factor from the EFL student teachers’ perspective. In English as a foreign language teacher education: current perspectives and challenges (pp. 231-246). Editions Rodopi.
Amin, N. (1997). Race and the identity of the nonnative ESL teacher. TESOL Quarterly, 31(3), 580-583. doi:10.2307/3587841
Aykac, N., Yildirim, K., Altinkurt, Y., & Marsh, M. M. (2017). Understanding the underlying factors affecting the perception of pre-service teachers’ teacher identity: A new instrument to support teacher education. Üniversitepark Bülten, 6(1), 67-78. doi:10.22521/unibulletin.2017.61.6
Ball, D. L. (2000). Bridging practices intertwining content and pedagogy in teaching and learning to teach. Journal of Teacher Education, 51(3), 241-247. doi:10.1177/0022487100051003013
Beauchamp, C., & Thomas, L. (2009). Understanding teacher identity: an overview of issues in the literature and implications for teacher education. Cambridge Journal of Education, 39(2), 175-189. doi:10.1080/03057640902902252
Borg, S. (2003). Teacher cognition in language teaching: A review of research on what language teachers think, know, believe, and do. Language Teaching, 36(2), 81-109.
Braine, G. (2010). Nonnative speaker English teachers: Research, pedagogy, and professional growth. Routledge.
Bryman, A., Becker, S., & Sempik, J. (2008). Quality criteria for quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research: a view from social policy. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11(4), 261-276. doi:10.1080/13645570701401644
Burns, R. (2009). Comprehension and Incorporation in Teacher Candidates' Reading About Diversity. Journal of Reading Education, 34(2), 19-24. Retrieved from http://0-search.ebscohost.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,shib&db=ofs&AN=508120566&lang=zh-tw&site=eds-live
Calafato, R. (2019). The non-native speaker teacher as proficient multilingual: A critical review of research from 2009–2018. Lingua, 227, 102700. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2019.06.001
Charles, Q. D. (2019). Black teachers of English in South Korea: Constructing identities as a native English speaker and English language teaching professional. TESOL Journal, 10(4), e478. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.478
Christison, M., & Crandall, J. A. (2016). Teacher education and professional development in TESOL: Global perspectives. Routledge.
Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass.
Clandinin, D. J., & Huber, J. (2010). Narrative inquiry. In B. McGaw, E. Baker, & P. P. Peterson (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (Vol. 3rd ed., pp. 436–441). Elsevier.
Clandinin, D. J., Pushor, D., & Orr, M. (2007). Navigating sites for narrative inquiry. Journal of Teacher Education, 58(1), 21-35.
Clarke, M. (2008). New perspectives on language and education. In Language teacher identities: Co-constructing discourse and community. Multilingual Matters.
Connelly, F. M., & Clandinin, D. J. (2006). Narrative inquiry. In J. Green, G. Camilli, & P. Elmore (Eds.), Handbook of complementary methods in education research (pp. 375-385). Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cowie, N. (2011). Emotions that experienced English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers feel about their students, their colleagues and their work. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(1), 235-242. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.006
Crystal, D. (2012). English as a global language. Cambridge University Press.
Curriculum Guidelines of 12-Year Basic Education. (2016). (in Chinese) 十二年國民基本教育課程綱要總綱。 Retrieved from https://www.naer.edu.tw/ezfiles/0/1000/img/52/129488083.pdf
Diniz de Figueiredo, E. H. (2011). Nonnative English-speaking teachers in the United States: Issues of identity. Language & Education: An International Journal, 25(5), 419-432. doi:10.1080/09500782.2011.574702
Donato, R. (2016). Becoming a language teaching professional: What’s identity got to do with it? In G. Barkhuizen (Ed.), Reflections on Language Teacher Identity Research (pp. 7). Routledge.
Educational Fundamental Act. (2013). (in Chinese) 教育基本法。 Retrieved from https://edu.law.moe.gov.tw/LawContent.aspx?id=FL008468#lawmenu
Employment Service Act (46). (2018). (in Chinese) 就業服務法。 Retrieved from https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=N0090001
Fairley, M. J. (2020). Conceptualizing Language Teacher Education Centered on Language Teacher Identity Development: A Competencies-Based Approach and Practical Applications. TESOL Quarterly, 54(4), 1037-1064. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.568
Fan, F., & de Jong, E. J. (2019). Exploring professional identities of nonnative‐English‐speaking teachers in the United States: A narrative case study. TESOL Journal, 10(4), e495.
Freeman, D. (2002). The hidden side of the work: Teacher knowledge and learning to teach. Language Teaching, 35(1), 1-13.
Garcia Rodriguez, M. C. (2016). Chapter 7 - “The Stories We Tell Each Other”: Using technology for resistance and resilience through online narrative communities. In S. Y. Tettegah & Y. E. Garcia (Eds.), Emotions, technology, and health (pp. 125-147). Academic Press.
Garnett, A. C. (1965). Body and mind: The identity thesis. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 43(1), 77-81. doi:10.1080/00048406512341071
Goodyear, G. E., & Allchin, D. (1998). Statements of Teaching Philosophy. To Improve the Academy, 17(1), 103-121. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-4822.1998.tb00345.x
Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M., & Namey, E. E. (2011). Applied thematic analysis. SAGE Publications.
Hargreaves, A. (2000). Mixed emotions: teachers’ perceptions of their interactions with students. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16, 811-826.
Hartmut, J. (1978). Supportive dimensions of teacher behavior in relationship to pupil emotional cognitive processes. Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht, 25(2), 69-74.
Hayik, R., & Weiner-Levy, N. (2019). Prospective Arab teachers’ emotions as mirrors to their identities and culture. Teaching and Teacher Education, 85, 36-44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.05.006
Hertel, T. J., & Sunderman, G. (2009). Student attitudes toward native and non-Native language instructors. Foreign Language Annals, 42(3), 468.
Howard, N.-J. (2019). Constructing professional identities: Native English-speaking teachers in South Korea. The Qualitative Report, 24(7), 1478-1510.
The Implementation Plan for the Cultivation of Teachers in English Teaching. (2018). (in Chinese) 全英語教學師資培育實施計畫。 Retrieved from https://www.edu.tw/News_Plan_Content.aspx?n=D33B55D537402BAA&sms=954974C68391B710&s=38578F455A5CA5B7
Johnson, K. E. (2000). Teacher Education. In Case Studies in TESOL Practice Series. Teachers of English to Speakersof Other Languages.
Kabel, A. (2009). Native-speakerism, stereotyping and the collusion of applied linguistics. System: An International Journal of Educational Technology and Applied Linguistics, 37(1), 12-22.
Kennedy, M. M. (1991). An Agenda for Research on Teacher Learning. NCRTL Special Report (1054-7673). Retrieved from http://0-search.ebscohost.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,shib&db=eric&AN=ED331806&site=eds-live
Ko, H., & Kim, M. (2021). A Study of Native English-Speaking Teachers’ Professional Identity in the Korean University Context. English Teaching, 76(2), 3-23. doi:10.15858/engtea.76.2.202106.3
Kramsch, C. (1997). The privilege of the nonnative speaker. PMLA, 112, 359-369.
Lang, J., & Bain, K. R. (1997). Recasting the teaching portfolio. The Teaching Professor, 11(10), 1-8.
Lasky, S. (2005). A sociocultural approach to understanding teacher identity, agency and professional vulnerability in a context of secondary school reform. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(8), 899-916.
Li, L. (2020). Novice Teachers' Discursive Construction of Their Identity: Insights from Foreign Language Classrooms. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 8(3), 57-76. Retrieved from http://0-search.ebscohost.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,shib&db=eric&AN=EJ1270989&site=eds-live
Lifang, W., & Alan, J. (2020). Perspectives on Student Interaction of Online Teaching. Business Education Innovation Journal, 12(1), 149-159. Retrieved from http://0-search.ebscohost.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,shib&db=bth&AN=146384523&site=eds-live
Liu, J. (1999). Nonnative-English-speaking professionals in TESOL. TESOL Quarterly, 33(1), 85-102. doi:10.2307/3588192
Lobatón, J. (2012). Language learners' identities in EFL settings: resistance and power through discourse. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 14, 60-76. doi:10.14483/22487085.3813
Luke, A. (1995). Text and Discourse in Education: An Introduction to Critical Discourse Analysis. Review of Research in Education, 21, 3-48. doi:10.2307/1167278
Ministry of Education. (2017). The National and Pre-school Education Administration of the Ministry of Education Subsidizes the Municipalities and County (city) Governments to Assist Public National Primary and Secondary Schools in Introducing Foreign English Teachers and Establishing English Teaching Resource Centers. In: (in Chinese) 教育部國民及學前教育署補助直轄市縣(市)政府協助公立國民中小學引進外籍英語教師暨設立英語教學資源中心要點。
Ma, L. P. F. (2012). Advantages and disadvantages of native- and nonnative-English-speaking teachers: Student perceptions in Hong Kong. TESOL Quarterly, 46(2), 280-305.
Mahboob, A. (2010). The NNEST lens: Non native English speakers in TESOL. Cambridge Scholars Publisher.
Martin, F., & Bolliger, D. U. (2018). Engagement Matters: Student Perceptions on the Importance of Engagement Strategies in the Online Learning Environment. Online Learning, 22(1), 205-222. Retrieved from http://0-search.ebscohost.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,shib&db=eric&AN=EJ1179659&site=eds-live
McKay, S. L. J. (2003). Toward an appropriate EIL pedagogy: Re‐examining common ELT assumptions. International journal of applied linguistics, 13(1), 1-22. doi:10.1111/1473-4192.00035
Mead, G. H., & Morris, C. W. (1934). Mind, self & society from the standpoint of a social behaviorist. The University of Chicago Press.
Mercer, S. (2018). Psychology for language learning: Spare a thought for the teacher. Language Teaching, 51(4), 504-525. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444817000258
Myin, E., & Zahnoun, F. (2018). Reincarnating the identity theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(2044), 1-9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02044
National Immigration Agency of ROC. (2021). Foreign Residents-by Nationality. Ministry of the Interior Retrieved from https://www.immigration.gov.tw/5475/5478/141478/141380/271195/
Nazari, M. (2020). Language for specific purposes teacher education: A scoping review. MEXTESOL Journal, 44(4), 1-13.
O'Neil, C., & Wright, W. A. (1993). Recording teaching accomplishment: A Dalhousie guide to the teaching dossier. Dalhousie University.
Osada, E., & Tanaka, M. (2013). Exploring Taiwanese primary English education: Teachers’ concerns and students’ perceptions. JALT(JALT Conference Proceedings - JALT2012), 55.
Palmér, H. (2016). Professional primary school teacher identity development: a pursuit in line with an unexpressed image. Teacher Development, 20(5), 682-700. doi:10.1080/13664530.2016.1202311
Pennington, M. C., & Richards, J. C. (2016). Teacher Identity in Language Teaching: Integrating Personal, Contextual, and Professional Factors. RELC Journal: A Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 47(1), 5-23. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033688216631219
Pérez-Núñez, A., & Blamphin, B. (2018). Intercultural competence in the language classroom: What do foreign language teachers actually do? Southern Journal of Linguistics, 42(2), 114-141.
Peterson, B. (2011). Cultural Intelligence: A Guide to Working with People from Other Cultures. John Murray Press.
Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic imperialism. Oxford University Press.
Phillipson, R., & Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (2001). Discrimination and minority languages. In The encyclopedia of language and linguistics (pp. 993-995): Pergamon Press & Aberdeen University Press.
Regulations Governing Educational Institutions at All Levels Applying for Work Permits for Foreign Teachers and their Administration. (1070016826B). (2018.02.08). (in Chinese) 各級學校申請外國教師聘僱許可及管理辦法。 Retrieved from https://edu.law.moe.gov.tw/EngLawContent.aspx?lan=E&id=304&KW=%ef%bc%9a+%e5%90%84%e7%b4%9a%e5%ad%b8%e6%a0%a1%e7%94%b3%e8%ab%8b%e5%a4%96%e5%9c%8b%e6%95%99%e5%b8%ab%e8%81%98%e5%83%b1%e8%a8%b1%e5%8f%af%e5%8f%8a%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e8%be%a6%e6%b3%95
Riessman, C. K. (2007). Narrative methods for the human sciences. SAGE Publications.
Rudolph, N. J. (2013). Negotiating Halil: Concomitant marginalization and agency as a “non-native English speaker” student, scholar and teacher trainer. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 10(2), 121-149.
Sachs, J. (2005). Teacher education and the development of professional identity: Learning to be a teacher. In T. a. F. Group (Ed.), Connecting policy and practice: challenges for teaching and learning in schools and universitie (pp. 5-21). Routledge.
Saldaña, J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE.
Samimy, K. K. J. (2008). The voice of a native speaker in the land of nonnative English speakers. TESOL Quarterly, 42(1), 123-132.
Schutz, P. (2009). Advances in teacher emotion research: The impact on teachers' lives. Springer Science & Business Media.
Seidlhofer, B., Breiteneder, A., & Pitzl, M.-L. (2006). English as a lingua franca in Europe: Challenges for applied linguistics. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 26, 3-34. doi:10.1017/S026719050600002X
Selvi, A. F. (2014). Myths and misconceptions about nonnative English speakers in the TESOL (NNEST) movement. TESOL Journal, 5(3), 573-611. doi:10.1002/tesj.158
Tajfel, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behaviour. Social Science Information, 13(2), 65.
Tang, C. (1997). The identity of the nonnative ESL teacher on the power and status of nonnative ESL teachers. TESOL Quarterly, 31(3), 577-580. doi:10.2307/3587840
The Total Number of Foreign Language Private Schools Nationwide (2020). Retrieved from: https://bsb.kh.edu.tw/
Trent, J. (2016). The NEST–NNEST divide and teacher identity construction in Hong Kong schools. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 15(5), 306-320. doi:10.1080/15348458.2016.1214587
Turner, J. C., & Oakes, P. J. J. (1986). The significance of the social identity concept for social psychology with reference to individualism, interactionism and social influence. British Journal of Social Psychology, 25(3), 237-252.
Ulate, N. (2011). Insights towards native and non-native ELT educators. Bellaterra Journal of Teaching & Learning Language & Literature, 4(1). doi:10.5565/225893
Vallente, J. P. C. (2020). Framing pre-service English language teachers’ identity formation within the theory of alignment as mode of belonging in community of practice. Teaching and Teacher Education, 96, 103177. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103177
Varghese, M., Morgan, B., Johnston, B., & Johnson, K. A. (2005). Theorizing Language Teacher Identity: Three Perspectives and Beyond. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 4(1), 21-44. doi:10.1207/s15327701jlie0401_2
Waldron, H. (2017). What's your teaching identity. Academic Study Kit.
Wang, C. H., Wang, Y. C., Li, S. R., Zhan, S. Y., Zhuang, Y. J., Chen, Y. F.,... Wu, T. Y. (2019). AFL majors’ perceptions of Taiwanese English teachers’ (TETs) and foreign native-speaking-English teachers’ (FNSETs) teaching. Journal of National Formosa University, 34(4), 93-110.
Wang, L. Y. L., Tzu Bin. (2014). Exploring the Identity of Pre-Service NNESTs in Taiwan: A Social Relationally Approach. English Teaching: Practice and Critique, 13(3), 5-29. Retrieved from http://0-search.ebscohost.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,shib&db=eric&AN=EJ1050173&site=eds-live
Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge University Press.
Wenger, E. (2011). Communities of Practice: A Brief Introduction.
Yazan, B. (2018). A conceptual framework to understand language teacher identities. Journal of Second Language Teacher Education, 1(1), 21-48.
Yu, R. (2020). On Teachers and Students' Interaction. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 10(6), 685-691. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1006.09
Yuan, R. (2019). A critical review on nonnative English teacher identity research: From 2008 to 2017. Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development, 40(6), 518-537. doi:10.1080/01434632.2018.1533018
Zembylas, M. (2003). Emotions and Teacher Identity: A poststructural perspective. Teachers and Teaching, 9(3), 213-238. doi:10.1080/13540600309378