簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 周芸慈
Chou, Yun-Tzu
論文名稱: The Impact of Remote Work on Depersonalization: The Moderating Effect of Dealing with Others and Friendship Opportunity
The Impact of Remote Work on Depersonalization: The Moderating Effect of Dealing with Others and Friendship Opportunity
指導教授: 盧承杰
Lu, Cheng-Chieh
口試委員: 賴志樫
Lai, Chih-Chien
李栢浡
Lee, Pai-Po
盧承杰
Lu, Cheng-Chieh
口試日期: 2023/07/19
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 國際人力資源發展研究所
Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt
論文出版年: 2023
畢業學年度: 111
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 61
英文關鍵詞: remote work, depersonalization, job characteristics, dealing with others, friendship opportunity
研究方法: 量化研究
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202301393
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:120下載:17
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • Since 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has continuously influenced people’s lives in Taiwan approximately three years. Overall, the virus has given the entire society, our livelihood, physical health, and even mental condition a hard blow. Even though life is now gradually back on track, there are still some corporations implement remote work or hybrid work to ensure both their employees’ safety as well as a certain degree of flexibility and the business operation. This work pattern indeed brings about lots of benefits and convenience for both employers and employees, but many drawbacks of this work pattern such as lack of face-to-face interaction and communication have also drawn researchers and practitioners’ attention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between remote work and employee depersonalization. Furthermore, two core dimensions of the job characteristics, dealing with others and friendship opportunity, were hypothesized to moderate the effect of remote work on depersonalization. This research was conducted in Taiwan using 218 valid office workers as the sample. The quantitative research approach and survey methodology were adopted to collect the data. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze the data and test the proposed hypotheses. Regarding the results in this research, remote work significantly and negatively influenced the perception of depersonalization. However, dealing with others and friendship opportunity had insignificant and no direct moderating effects on the association between remote work and depersonalization.

    CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 Background of the Study 1 Statement of the Problem 4 Purposes of the Study 5 Questions of the Study 5 Significance of the Study 5 Delimitations 6 Definition of Key Terms 6 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 9 Remote Work 9 Depersonalization 11 Remote Work and Depersonalization 13 Dealing with Others and Friendship Opportunity 14 Effect of Dealing with Others and Friendship Opportunity on Remote Work and Depersonalization 16 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 17 Research Framework 17 Research Procedure 18 Research Sample and Data Collection 22 Measurement 22 Pilot Study 28 Reliability Test and Validity Test 28 Data Analysis 29 CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 31 Descriptive Statistics 31 Results of the Correlations among Remote Work, Depersonalization, Dealing with Others, Friendship Opportunity and Control Variables 32 Hypotheses Results of the Relationship among Remote Work, Depersonalization, Dealing with Others and Friendship Opportunity 34 Discussions 36 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 41 Conclusions 41 Practical Implication of the Study 41 Limitation 43 Recommendations for Future Research 43 REFERENCES 45 APPENDIX A: QUESTIONNAIRE (ENGLISH VERSION) 51 APPENDIX B: QUESTIONNAIRE (MANDARIN VERSION) 57

    Abugel, J., & Simeon, D. (2006). Feeling Unreal: Depersonalization Disorder and the Loss of the Self. Oxford University Press.

    Aderibigbe, Y., Bloch, R. & Walker, W. (2001). Prevalence of depersonalization and derealization experiences in a rural population. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36, 63–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001270050291

    Algase, D. L. (2009). To publish or not: That is not the real pilot study question? Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 23(2), 83–84. https://doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.23.2.83

    Anders, G. (2022, December 1). Who’s anxious? How the mood has changed in tech and Finance. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/whos-anxious-how-mood-has-changed-tech-finance-george-anders/?published=t

    Arshadi, N., & Damiri, H. (2013). The relationship of job stress with turnover intention and job performance: Moderating role of OBSE. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84(9), 706–710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.631

    Bacharach, S. B., Bamberger, P., & Conley, S. (1991). Work-home conflict among nurses and engineers: Mediating the impact of role stress on burnout and satisfaction at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12(1), 39–53.
    https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030120104

    Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248

    Bayern, M. (2020, January 22). How remote work rose by 400% in the past decade? TechRepublic. https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-remote-work-rose-by-400-in-the-past-decade/

    Bhandari, P. (2022, November 18). Descriptive statistics: Definitions, types, examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/descriptive-statistics/

    Bolger, N., DeLongis, A., Kessler, R. C., & Wethington, E. (1989). The contagion of stress across multiple roles. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51(1), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.2307/352378

    Bonett, D. G., & Wright, T. A. (1997). The contribution of burnout to work performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 18(5), 491–499. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(199709)18:5<491::aid-job804>3.0.co;2-i

    Carel, H., Ratcliffe, M., & Froese, T. (2020). Reflecting on experiences of social distancing. The Lancet, 396(10244), 87–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31485-9

    Claybourn, M. (2010). Relationships between moral disengagement, work characteristics and workplace harassment. Journal of Business Ethics, 100(2), 283–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0680-1

    Cooper, C. L., & Marshal, J. (1976). Occupational sources of stress: A review of the literature relating to coronary heart disease and mental ill health. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 49(1), 11–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1976.tb00325.x

    Ehrhart, K. H. (2006). Job characteristic beliefs and personality as antecedents of subjective person–job fit. Journal of Business and Psychology, 21(2), 193–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-006-9025-6

    Galanti, T., Guidetti, G., Mazzei, E., Zappalà, S., & Toscano, F. (2021). Work from home during the COVID-19 outbreak: The impact on employees’remote work productivity, engagement, and stress. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63(7), 426–432. https://doi.org/10.1097/jom. 0000000000002236

    Garland, B. (2004). The impact of administrative support on prison treatment staff Burnout: An exploratory study. The Prison Journal, 84(4), 452–471. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885504269343

    Gartner (2020, April). Shifting Some Employees to Remote Work Permanently. https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2020-04-03-gartner-cfo-surey-reveals-74-percent-of-organizations-to-shift-some-employees-to-remote-work-permanently2

    Glaser, J., & Hornung, S. (2009). Home-based telecommuting and quality of life: Further evidence on an employee-oriented human resource practice. Psychological Reports, 104(2), 395–402. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.104.2.395-402

    Grant, A. M., & Parker, S. K. (2009). Redesigning work design theories: The rise of relational and proactive perspectives. The Academy of Management Annals, 3(1), 317–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520903047327

    Grant, C. A., Wallace, L. M., & Spurgeon, P. C. (2013). An exploration of the psychological factors affecting remote e‐worker's job effectiveness, well‐being and work‐life balance. Employee Relations, 35(5), 527–546. https://doi.org/10.1108/er-08-2012-0059

    Green, F. (2020). Health effects of job insecurity. IZA World of Labor. https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.212.v2

    Hackman, J. R., & Lawler, E. E. (1971). Employee reactions to job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55(3), 259–286. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0031152

    Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076546

    Han, H., Quan, W., Al-Ansi, A., Chung, H., Ngah, A. H., Ariza-Montes, A., & Vega-Muñoz, A. (2020). A theoretical framework development for hotel employee turnover: Linking trust in supports, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment at workplace. Sustainability, 12(19), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198065

    Hancock, B., & Schaninger, B. (2022). Back and forth: COVID-19's impacts on business in 2021–and today. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/back-and-forth-covid-19s-impact-on-business-in-2021-and-today

    Handel, M. J. (2016). The O*NET content model: strengths and limitations. Journal for Labour Market Research, 49, 157–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12651-016-0199-8

    Hartman, E. A., & Perlman, B. (1982). Burnout: Summary and future research. Human Relations, 35(4), 283–305. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678203500402

    Hayes, S. W., Moore, B. A., Priestley, J. L., & Ray, H. E. (2021). Perceived stress, work-related burnout, and working from home before and during COVID-19: An examination of workers in the United States. SAGE Open, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211058193

    Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.44.3.513

    Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J. P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640

    Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60. http://doi.org/10.21427/D7CF7R

    Hunter, E. C., Charlton, J., & David, A. S. (2017). Depersonalisation and derealisation: assessment and management. BMJ, 356. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j745
    Jackson, S. E., & Maslach, C. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205

    Karabag, S. F. (2020). An unprecedented global crisis! The global, regional, national, political, economic and commercial impact of the coronavirus pandemic. Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research, 10(1), 1–6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340337249

    Killgore, W. D. S., Cloonan, S. A., Taylor, E. C., & Dailey, N. S. (2020). Loneliness: A signature mental health concern in the era of COVID-19. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113117

    Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., Barton-Bellessa, S. M., & Jiang, S. (2012). Examining the relationship between Supervisor and Management Trust and job burnout among correctional staff. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39(7), 938–957. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854812439192

    Lauber, C., Nordt, C., Falcato, L., & Rössler, W. (2004). Factors influencing social distance toward people with mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal, 40(3), 265–274. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:comh.0000026999.87728.2d

    Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311

    Leiter, M. P., & Meechan, K. A. (1986). Role structure and burnout in the field of human services. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 22(1), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638602200107

    Lund, S., Madgavkar, A., Manyika, J., Smit, S., Ellingrud, K., Meaney, M., & Robinson, O. (2021, February 18). The future of work after COVID-19. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/the-future-of-work-after-covid-19

    Maslach, C. (2003). Job burnout: New directions in research and intervention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(5), 189–192.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/1467–8721.01258

    Maslach, C. (1993). Burnout: A multidimensional perspective. Taylor & Francis.
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315227979-3

    Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory (3rd ed.). Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397

    Microsoft News Center. (2021, March). Microsoft releases findings and considerations from one year of remote work in work trend index. https://news.microsoft.com/2021/03/22/microsoft-releases-findings-and-considerations-from-one-year-of-remote-work-in-work-trend-index/

    Mitchell, T. (2022, March 23). Covid-19 pandemic continues to reshape work in America. Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2022/02/16/covid-19-pandemic-continues-to-reshape-work-in-america/

    Mueller, R. O., & Hancock, G. R. (2001). Factor analysis and latent structure, confirmatory. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 5239–5244. https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/00426-5

    Olson, M. H. (1983). Remote office work: Changing work patterns in space and time. Communications of the ACM, 26(3), 182–187. https://doi.org/10.1145/358061.358068

    Pehlivanoğlu, M. Ç., & Civelek, M. E. (2019). The effects of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization on personal accomplishment in pharmaceutical industry. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 11(18), 2071–2086.
    https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.566917

    Perkins, J. (2021). Life on Autopilot: A Guide to Living with Depersonalization Disorder. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

    Phillips, J. D., Lizano, E. L., He, A. S., & Leake, R. (2020). Factors associated with caseworker burnout in child welfare: Does tenure matter? Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 11(2), 261–283. https://doi.org/10.1086/709673

    Rhineberger-Dunn, G., Mack, K. Y., & Baker, K. M. (2017). Comparing demographic factors, background characteristics, and workplace perceptions as predictors of burnout among community corrections officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 44(2), 205–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854816666583

    Salanova, M., Agut, S., & Peiró, J. M. (2005). Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: The mediation of service climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1217–1227. http://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1217

    Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., Rasoulpoor, S., & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health, 16(1).
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w

    Samet, J. M., Wipfli, H., Platz, E. A., & Bhavsar, N. (2009). A dictionary of epidemiology. In M. Porta (Eds). American Journal of Epidemiology, 170(11), 1449–1451. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp322

    Sandoval-Reyes, J., Idrovo-Carlier, S., & Duque-Oliva, E. J. (2021). Remote work, work stress, and work-life during pandemic times: A Latin America situation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 7069 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137069

    Savicki, V., Cooley, E., & Gjesvold, J. (2003). Harassment as a predictor of job burnout in correctional officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 30(5), 602–619. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854803254494

    Schall, M. A. (2019). The Relationship Between Remote Work and Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Roles of Perceived Autonomy, Work-family Conflict, and Telecommuting Intensity [Master’s thesis, San Jose State University]. San Jose State University Digital Archive. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.2x82-58pg

    Sierra, M., & David, A. S. (2011). Depersonalization: A selective impairment of self-awareness. Consciousness and Cognition, 20(1), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2010.10.018

    Sullivan, C. (2003). What's in a name? Definitions and conceptualisations of teleworking and homeworking. New Technology, Work and Employment, 18(3), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-005x.00118

    Swider, B. W., & Zimmerman, R. D. (2010). Born to burnout: A meta-analytic path model of personality, job burnout, and work outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(3), 487–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.01.003

    ThinkRemote (2022). What is remote work? https://thinkremote.com/what-is-remote-work/

    Toscano, F., & Zappalà, S. (2020). Social isolation and stress as predictors of productivity perception and remote work satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of concern about the virus in a moderated double mediation. Sustainability, 12(23), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239804

    Turner, A. N., & Lawrence, P. R. (1966). Industrial jobs and the worker. The American Journal of Psychology, 79(2), 351–352. https://doi.org/10.2307/1421157

    Valieiev, R., Polyvaniuk, V., Antonenko, T., Rebkalo, M., Sobakar, A., & Oliinyk, V. (2019). The effects of gender, tenure and primary workplace on burnout of Ukrainian police officers. Postmodern Openings, 10(4), 116–131. https://doi.org/10.18662/po/97

    Williams, B., Halloin, C., Löbel, W., Finklea, F., Lipke, E., Zweigerdt, R., & Cremaschi, S. (2020). Data-driven model development for cardiomyocyte production experimental failure prediction. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 48, 1639–1644. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-823377-1.50274-3

    Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., & Yang, N. (2020). Social capital and sleep quality in individuals who self-isolated for 14 days during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in January 2020 in China. Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 26. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923921

    Yang, L., Holtz, D., Jaffe, S., Suri, S., Sinha, S., Weston, J., Joyce, C., Shah, N., Sherman, K., Hecht, B., & Teevan, J. (2022). The effects of remote work on collaboration among information workers. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01196-4

    Yu, J., Ariza-Montes, A., Hernández-Perlines, F., Vega-Muñoz, A., & Han, H. (2020). Hotels’ eco-friendly physical environment as nature-based solutions for decreasing burnout and increasing job satisfaction and performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176357

    下載圖示
    QR CODE