研究生: |
王建智 Wang, Chien-Chih |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
遠距工作實務對職家衝突的影響-以工作敬業及家庭敬業為調節變項 The Relationship between Telework and Work-Family Conflict: Work and Family Engagement as Moderators |
指導教授: |
陳怡靜
Chen, Yi-Ching |
口試委員: |
陳建丞
Chen, Chien-Cheng 張敬珣 Chang, Ching-Hsun 陳怡靜 Chen, Yi-Ching |
口試日期: | 2021/09/24 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
科技應用與人力資源發展學系人力資源發展碩士在職專班 Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development_Continuing Education Master's Program of Human Resource Development |
論文出版年: | 2021 |
畢業學年度: | 110 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 83 |
中文關鍵詞: | 嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎 、遠距工作 、職家衝突 、工作敬業 、家庭敬業 |
英文關鍵詞: | COVID-19, Telework, Work-family conflict, Work engagement, Family engagement |
研究方法: | 調查研究 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101849 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:437 下載:36 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究旨在探討企業實施遠距工作對職家衝突之影響,以及工作敬業與家庭敬業對遠距工作與職家衝突之關係的調節效果。本研究對象為在臺灣實施遠距工作之企業員工。本研究採用問卷調查法,以便利抽樣回收有效網路問卷330份,再利用JASP統計軟體進行相關分析及迴歸分析驗證研究假設。本研究結果發現:(1)員工離家遠距工作,將提高家庭對工作衝突;(2)遠距工作成效越高,工作對家庭衝突及家庭對工作衝突會越低;(3)家庭敬業對遠距工作頻率與家庭對工作衝突間的關係具有調節效果;(4)家庭敬業對遠距工作成效與家庭對工作衝突間的關係具有調節效果。最後,針對本研究結果討論分別提出理論及管理實務意涵。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between telework and work-family conflict. Another aim was to find out the moderating role of work and family engagement. Using a web-based questionnaire to collect quantitative data by convenience sampling, this study test the proposed model using a cross-sectional data with 330 employees from various companies in Taiwan. The main results are summarized as follows: (1) Employees perceived higher family-to-work conflict when not working from home; (2) The perception of telework outcomes is negative associated with work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict. (3) Family engagement moderates the interactive effect between the frequency of telework and family-to-work conflict; (4) Family engagement moderates the interactive effect between the perception of telework outcomes and family-to-work conflict. Finally, implications for research and practice are discussed.
一、中文部分
教育部(2021)。全國各級學校因應疫情停課居家線上學習。2021年7月28日,取自https://www.edu.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=9E7AC85F 1954DDA8&s=8BF1696CC31F4FE9。
微拓管理顧問公司(2021)。2021疫情下台灣員工工作型態洞察。2021年8月4日,取自http://www.bebit.com.tw/2021-%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E4%B8%8B%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%93%A1%E5%B7%A5%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%9E%8B%E6%85%8B%E6%B4%9E%E5%AF%9F/。
衛生福利部疾病管制署(2021a)。因應社區傳播有擴大趨勢,指揮中心自即日起至5月28日提升雙北地區疫情警戒至第三級,加嚴、加大全國相關限制措施,嚴守社區防線。2021年7月28日,取自https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/E7bi2j8UYj1Rmz73OPE7Yg?typeid=9。
衛生福利部疾病管制署(2021b)。因應本土疫情持續嚴峻,指揮中心自即日起至5月28日止提升全國疫情警戒至第三級,各地同步加嚴、加大防疫限制,嚴守社區防線。2021年7月28日,取自https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/abDtRS-xzztQeAchjX9fqw?typ eId=9。
二、外文部分
Abendroth, A. K., & Reimann, M. (2018). Telework and work–family conflict across workplaces: Investigating the implications of work–family-supportive and high-demand workplace cultures. In S. L. Blair, & J. Obradovic (Eds.), The work-family interface: Spillover, complications, and challenges (pp. 323-348). Emerald Publishing.
Aiken, L. S., West, S. G., & Reno, R. R. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions, Sage Publishing.
Alain, P., & Martin, B. (2001). The impacts of telecommuting on organizations and individuals: Areview of the literature. In J. Nancy (Ed.), Telecommuting and virtual offices: Issues and opportunities (pp. 163-185). IGI Global.
Allen, K. R., Fine, M. A., & Demo, D. H. (2000). An overview of family diversity: Controversies, questions, and values. In D. H. Demo, K. R. Allen, & M. A. Fine (Eds.), Handbook of family diversity (pp. 1-14). Oxford University Press.
Allen, T. D., Golden, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2015). How effective is telecommuting? Assessing the status of our scientific findings. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16(2), 40-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100615593273
Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., & Shockley, K. M. (2013). Work–family conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility. Personnel Psychology, 66(2), 345-376. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12012
Ashforth, B. E., Kreiner, G. E., & Fugate, M. (2000). All in a day's work: Boundaries and micro role transitions. Academy of Management Review, 25(3), 472-491. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.3363315
Bailey, D. E., & Kurland, N. B. (2002). A review of telework research: Findings, new directions, and lessons for the study of modern work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(4), 383-400. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.144
Beauregard, T. A., & Henry, L. C. (2009). Making the link between work-life balance practices and organizational performance. Human Resource Management Review, 19(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.09.001
Bengtson, V. L. (2001). Beyond the nuclear family: The increasing importance of multigenerational bonds. Journal of Marriage & Family, 63(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00001.x
Byron, K. (2005). A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 169-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.009
Carlson, D. S., Williams, L. J., & Kacmar, K. M. (2000). Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(2), 249-276. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1713
Chen, Y. S., & Huang, S. Y. B. (2016). A conservation of resources view of personal engagement in the development of innovative behavior and work-family conflict. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 29(6), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-11-2015-0213
Clark, M. A., Early, R. J., Baltes, B. B., & Krenn, D. (2019). Work-family behavioral role conflict: Scale development and validation. Journal of Business & Psychology, 34(1), 39-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-017-9529-2
Daly, K. J., & Beaton, J. (2005). Through the lens of time: How families live in and through time. In V. L. Bengtson, A. C. Acock, K. R. Allen, P. Dilworth-Anderson, & D. M. Klein (Eds.), Sourcebook of family theory and research (pp. 241-263). Sage Publishing.
Delanoeije, J., & Verbruggen, M. (2019). The use of work-home practices and work-home conflict: Examining the role of volition and perceived pressure in a multi-method study. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02362
Delanoeije, J., Verbruggen, M., & Germeys, L. (2019). Boundary role transitions: A day-to-day approach to explain the effects of home-based telework on work-to-home conflict and home-to-work conflict. Human Relations, 72(12), 1843-1868. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726718823071
Dewi, A., Nurmandi, A., Rochmawati, E., Purnomo, E. P., Rizqi, M. D., Azzahra, A., Benedictos, S., Suardi, W., Dewi, D. T. K. (2020). Global policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: Proportionate adaptation and policy experimentation: A study of country policy response variation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Promotion Perspectives, 10(4), 359-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp/2020.54
Donna, W. M., & Magid, I. (2003). Does "out of sight" mean "out of mind"? An empirical investigation of the career advancement prospects of telecommuters. Information Resources Management Journal, 16(2), 19-34. https://doi.org/10.4018/irmj.2003040102
Duxbury, L., & Neufeld, D. (1999). An empirical evaluation of the impacts of telecommuting on intra-organizational communication. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 16(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0923-4748(98)00026-5
Edwards, J. R., & Rothbard, N. P. (2000). Mechanisms linking work and family: Clarifying the relationship between work and family constructs. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 178-199. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2000.2791609
Fonner, K. L., & Roloff, M. E. (2010). Why teleworkers are more satisfied with their jobs than are office-based workers: When less contact is beneficial. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 38(4), 336-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2010.513998
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992a). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.77.1.65
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992b). Prevalence of work-family conflict: Are work and family boundaries asymmetrically permeable? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(7), 723-729. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130708
Gainey, T. W., Kelley, D. E., & Hill, J. A. (1999). Telecommuting's impact on corporate culture and individual workers: Examining the effect of employee isolation. SAM Advanced Management Journal (07497075), 64(4), 4-10.
Gajendran, R. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2007). The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1524-1541. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1524
Gallup. (2021). How has the pandemic affected U.S. Work life? Retrieved August 30, 2021 from https://news.gallup.com/poll/339824/pandemic-affected-work-life.aspx
Garrett, R. K., & Danziger, J. N. (2007). Which telework? Defining and testing a taxonomy of technology-mediated work at a distance. Social Science Computer Review, 25(1), 27-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439306293819
Golden, T. D., Veiga, J. F., & Dino, R. N. (2008). The impact of professional isolation on teleworker job performance and turnover intentions: Does time spent teleworking, interacting face-to-face, or having access to communication-enhancing technology matter? Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1412-1421. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012722
Golden, T. D., Veiga, J. F., & Simsek, Z. (2006). Telecommuting's differential impact on work-family conflict: is there no place like home? Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1340-1350. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1340
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1985.4277352
Gross, L. M. (2020). Learning together during the COVID‐19 experience. Journal: American Water Works Association, 112(8), 81-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.1560
Guerin, T. F. (2021). Policies to minimise environmental and rebound effects from telework: A study for australia. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 39, 18-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2021.01.003
Guest, D. E. (2002). Perspectives on the study of work-life balance. Social Science Information, 41(2), 255-279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018402041002005
Gurstein, P. (2001). Wired to the world, chained to the home: Telework in daily life. UBC Press.
Gutek, B. A., Searle, S., & Klepa, L. (1991). Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(4), 560-568. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.4.560
Haddon, L., & Brynin, M. (2005). The character of telework and the characteristics of teleworkers. New Technology, Work & Employment, 20(1), 34-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.2005.00142.x
Halbesleben, J. R. B., Harvey, J., & Bolino, M. C. (2009). Too engaged? A conservation of resources view of the relationship between work engagement and work interference with family. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1452-1465. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017595
Handy, S. L., & Mokhtarian, P. L. (1996). The future of telecommuting. Futures, 28(3), 227-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(96)00003-1
Harpaz, I. (2002). Advantages and disadvantages of telecommuting for the individual, organization and society. Work Study, 51(2), 74-80. https://doi.org/10.1108/00438020210418791
Hartman, R. I., Stoner, C. R., & Arora, R. (1992). Developing successful organizational telecommuting arrangements: Worker perceptions and managerial prescriptions. SAM Advanced Management Journal (07497075), 57(3), 35.
Hesse, B. W., & Grantham, C. E. (1991). Electronically distributed work communities: Implications for research on telework. Internet Research, 1(1), 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb047239
Hobfoll, S. E. (1988). The ecology of stress. Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
Hobfoll, S. E. (1998). Stress, culture, and community: The psychology and philosophy of stress, Plenum Press.
Hook, A., Court, V., Sovacool, B. K., & Sorrell, S. (2020). A systematic review of the energy and climate impacts of teleworking. Environmental Research Letters, 15(9), 093003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8a84
Igbaria, M., & Guimaraes, T. (1999). Exploring differences in employee turnover intentions and its determinants among telecommuters and non-telecommuters. Journal of Management Information Systems, 16(1), 147-164. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1999.11518237
Johnson, L. C., Andrey, J., & Shaw, S. M. (2007). Mr. Dithers comes to dinner: Telework and the merging of women's work and home domains in canada. Gender, Place & Culture, 14(2), 141-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/09663690701213701
Judge, T. A., Ilies, R., & Scott, B. A. (2006). Work–family conflict and emotions: Effects at work and at home. Personnel Psychology, 59(4), 779-814. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2006.00054.x
Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity, John Wiley.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724. https://doi.org/10.2307/256287
Kinnunen, U., Vermulst, A., Gerris, J., & Mäkikangas, A. (2003). Work–family conflict and its relations to well-being: The role of personality as a moderating factor. Personality & Individual Differences, 35(7), 1669. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00389-6
Kurland, N. B., & Bailey, D. E. (1999). Telework: The advantages and challenges of working here, there, anywhere, and anytime. Organizational Dynamics, 28(2), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(00)80016-9
Lederer, N. (1990). Healthy work: Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life. Library Journal, 115(1), 126-126.
Lee, Y., Heh Youn, S., Park, J., Kim, W., & Cho, D. (2017). An integrative literature review on employee engagement in the field of human resource development: Exploring where we are and where we should go. Asia Pacific Education Review, 18(4), 541-557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12564-017-9508-3
Lindström, J., Moberg, A., & Rapp, B. (1997). On the classification of telework. European Journal of Information Systems, 6(4), 243-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000275
Lombard, M., & Ditton, T. (1997). At the heart of it all: The concept of presence. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00072.x
Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 3-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2007.0002.x
Markey, R. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 virus on industrial relations. Journal of Australian Political Economy, (85), 147-154.
Martínez‐Sánchez, A., Pérez‐Pérez, M., José Vela‐Jiménez, M., & de‐Luis‐Carnicer, P. (2008). Telework adoption, change management, and firm performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 7-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810810847011
Matthews, R. A., Kath, L. M., & Barnes-Farrell, J. L. (2010). A short, valid, predictive measure of work–family conflict: Item selection and scale validation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(1), 75-90. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017443
May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11-37. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904322915892
Megahed, N. A., & Ghoneim, E. M. (2020). Antivirus-built environment: Lessons learned from COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainable Cities and Society, 61, 102350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350
Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). Convergence between measures of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict: A meta-analytic examination. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 215-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.004
Messenger, J. C., & Gschwind, L. (2016). Three generations of telework: New ICTs and the revolution from home office to virtual office. New Technology, Work & Employment, 31(3), 195-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12073
Michel, J. S., Kotrba, L. M., Mitchelson, J. K., Clark, M. A., & Baltes, B. B. (2011). Antecedents of work–family conflict: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 689-725. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.695
Mokhtarian, P. L. (1991). Defining telecommuting. UC Davis: Institute of Transportation Studies. Retrieved August 29, 2021 from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/35c4q71r
Mokhtarian, P. L., Salomon, I., & Choo, S. (2005). Measuring the measurable: Why can't we agree on the number of telecommuters in the U.S.? Quality and Quantity, 39(4), 423-452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-004-6790-z
Morgan, R. E. (2004). Teleworking: an assessment of the benefits and challenges. European Business Review, 16(4), 344-357. https://doi.org/10.1108/09555340410699613
Nakrosiene, A., Buciuniene, I., & Gostautaite, B. (2019). Working from home: Characteristics and outcomes of telework. International Journal of Manpower, 40(1), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-07-2017-0172
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work–family conflict and family–work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400-410. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
Nilles, J. M. (1975). Telecommunications and organizational decentralization. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 23(10), 1142-1147. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1975.1092687
O'Neill, T. A., Hambley, L. A., Greidanus, N. S., MacDonnell, R., & Kline, T. J. B. (2009). Predicting teleworker success: An exploration of personality, motivational, situational, and job characteristics. New Technology, Work & Employment, 24(2), 144-162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.2009.00225.x
Peters, P., Poutsma, E., Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., Bakker, A. B., & Bruijn, T. D. (2014). Enjoying new ways to work: An HRM-process approach to study flow. Human Resource Management, 53(2), 271-290. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21588
Pleck, J. H. (1977). The work-family role system. Social Problems, 24(4), 417-427. https://doi.org/10.2307/800135
Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12(4), 531-544. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638601200408
Pratt, J. H. (1984). Home teleworking: A study of its pioneers. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 25(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1625(84)90076-3
Raghuram, S., & Wiesenfeld, B. (2004). Work-nonwork conflict and job stress among virtual workers. Human Resource Management, 43(2‐3), 259-277. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20019
Reinsch, N. L. (1999). Selected communication variables and telecommuting participation decisions: Data from telecommuting workers. The Journal of Business Communication, 36(3), 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/002194369903600302
Rothbard, N. P. (2001). Enriching or depleting? The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(4), 655-684. https://doi.org/10.2307/3094827
Ruth, S., & Chaudhry, I. (2008). Telework: a productivity paradox? IEEE Internet Computing, 12(6), 87-90. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIC.2008.132
Savić, D. (2020). COVID-19 and work from home: Digital transformation of the workforce. The Grey Journal, 16(2), 101.
Scandura, T. A., & Lankau, M. J. (1997). Relationships of gender, family responsibility and flexible work hours to organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(4), 377-391. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199707)18:4<377::AID-JOB807>3.0.CO;2-1
Solís, M. (2017). Moderators of telework effects on the work-family conflict and on worker performance. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 26(1), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-07-2017-002
Standen, P., Daniels, K., & Lamond, D. (1999). The home as a workplace: work-family interaction and psychological well-being in telework. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4(4), 368-381.
Sullivan, C. (2003). What's in a name? Definitions and conceptualisations of teleworking and homeworking. New Technology, Work & Employment, 18(3), 158. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-005X.00118
Sullivan, C., & Lewis, S. (2001). Home-based telework, gender, and the synchronization of work and family: Perspectives of teleworkers and their co-residents. Gender, Work & Organization, 8(2), 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0432.00125
ten Brummelhuis, L. L., & van der Lippe, T. (2010). Effective work-life balance support for various household structures. Human Resource Management, 49(2), 173-193. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20340
Thompson, C. A., Beauvais, L. L., & Lyness, K. S. (1999). When work–family benefits are not enough: The influence of work–family culture on benefit utilization, organizational attachment, and work–family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(3), 392-415. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.1681
Topi, H. (2004). Supporting telework: Obstacles and solutions. Information Systems Management, 21(3), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.1201/1078/44432.21.3.20040601/82481.12
Tremblay, D. G. (2002). Balancing work and family with telework? Organizational issues and challenges for women and managers. Women in Management Review, 17(3/4), 157-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420210425309
Tremblay, D. G., Paquet, R., & Najem, E. (2006). Telework: A way to balance work and family or an increase in work-family conflict? Canadian Journal of Communication, 31(3), 715-731. https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2006v31n3a1721
Tremblay, D. G., & Thomsin, L. (2012). Telework and mobile working: Analysis of its benefits and drawbacks. International Journal of Work Innovation, 1(1), 100-113.
Vargas Llave, O. (2021). Telework, ICT-based mobile work in Europe: Trends, challenges and the right to disconnect. Retrieved August 30, 2021 from https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/publications/presentation/telework-ict-based-mobile-work-in-europe-trends-challenges-and-the-right-to-disconnect
Wade, M., & Shan, J. (2020). COVID-19 has accelerated digital transformation, but may have made it harder not easier. MIS Quarterly Executive, 19(3), 213-220. https://doi.org/10.17705/2msqe.00034