對於臺灣企業來說，遠距工作並不陌生，但在新冠肺炎疫情（COVID-19）的衝擊下，遠距工作模式中的在家工作成為臺灣為防止疫情持續急速蔓延的手段之一。有過疫情期間在家工作的經驗後，讓企業開始重視在家工作的實用性及便利性，甚至有企業開始研議讓員工擁有更彈性的工作方式。因此本研究為探討臺灣企業實施在家工作的實務情形，以半結構訪談法進行質性研究，搜集在台灣不同工作場域及產業，於新冠肺炎疫情（COVID -19）期間有過在家工作經驗，並分別與身為主管身分或非主管身分的的14位工作者作為研究對象，在蒐集臺灣各企業工作者分享自己在家工作經驗後，首先統整出了臺灣企業實施在家工作的實施原因、實施條件及實施情形各有哪些樣態，其次針對臺灣企業實施在家工作時，對於家庭、組織與工作三者之間的關係所產生的改變進行探討，最後提出有關在家工作管理上的建議，提供日後臺灣企業在人力資源實務管理之建議及未來後續研究之參考。

Telework is not new to Taiwan companies, but under the impact of the Coronavirus disease Outbreak (COVID-19), working from home has become one of the means of preventing the spread of the epidemic in Taiwan. After the experience of working from home during the epidemic, companies began to emphasize the practicality and convenience of working from home, and some companies even began to explore more flexible work options for their employees. Therefore, in order to investigate the practical situation of implementing work from home in Taiwanese enterprises, this study conducted a qualitative research by using semi-structured interviews to collect 14 workers from different workplaces and industries in Taiwan who had the experience of working at home during the COVID-19 outbreak and had the experience of work from home with supervisors or non-supervisors respectively, and then to gather the experiences of work from home from Taiwanese enterprises. After collecting the work from home experiences shared by the workers in Taiwan enterprises, the study firstly summarized the reasons, conditions, and situations of work from home implementation in Taiwan enterprises, then explored the changes in the relationship among family, organization, and work when work from home was implemented in Taiwan enterprises, and finally put forward some suggestions on work from home management, which can provide suggestions on human resource management in Taiwan enterprises and references for the future research.

交通部統計處（2021）。111年民眾日常使用運具狀況調查統計表。https://www.motc.gov.tw/ch/app/data/view?module=survey&id=56&serno=202304280010
胡幼慧（1996）。質性研究理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。台北：遠流。
張庭瑋（2022）。Salesforce 打造森林辦公園區！為何後疫情時代的工作場所愈來愈浮誇？未來商務。上網日期：2022年9月10日。http://eeclass.formosasoft.com/media/doc/3281
許惠婷（2021）。公部門推動遠距辦公之研究—以 COVID-19 期間居家辦公情形為例［口試本］。國立臺灣大學政治學系碩士論文大綱。https://ntupoli.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/proposalP09322028.pdf
陳叡瑜、徐雅媛（2023）。居家遠距工作對健康影響之初步探討。勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所。
陸洛、黃茂丁、高旭繁（2005）。工作與家庭的雙向衝突：前因、後果及調節變項之探討。人力資源管理學報27，133–166。
黃煥榮（2011-2014）。公部門推動遠距辦公之探究：前因、過程、影響與可行性之分析。（計畫編號：NSC 100-2410-H-133 -006 -MY2）[補助]。科技部。https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=2396148
楊宗斌（2022）。【 2022年04月 調查主題 】 疫情年職場甘苦談調查未來商務。上網日期：2023年5月10日。https://www.yes123.com.tw/admin/white_paper/article.asp?id=20220414075903
經理人月刊（2021）。在家上班，員工是更努力、還是常偷懶？一張圖顯示調查結果。經理人月刊。上網日期：2023年5月1日。https://www.managertoday.com.tw/articles/view/63069
劉素芬（2011）。職家衝突與組織承諾之相關研究［未出版碩士論文］。國立臺灣師範大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/q3qvq3
潘世偉（2020）。重返職場-新冠肺炎疫情後的調整與準備。台灣勞工季刊64，121–145。https://www.mol.gov.tw/2578/21000/22893/
鄭宇涵（2022）。孤獨感可能加速員工離職！遠距下的孤獨難題，有解嗎？經理人月刋。上網日期：2022年9月10日。https://www.managertoday.com.tw/articles/view/65409
蕭怡欣（2021）。工作自主權與工作負荷對工作敬業度與情緒耗竭之影響－以遠距工作為調節變項［未出版碩士論文］。國立臺灣師範大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/2xzqa2
蕭怡欣（2021）。遠距工作文獻回顧。科技與人力教育季刊7（3），82–96。https://doi.org/10.6587/JTHRE.202103_7（3）.0004
賴偉文（2020）。新冠肺炎下新工作模式的轉變。經濟前瞻189，pp.25-30。https://www.cier.edu.tw/publish/journal/detail/3781
Ammons, S., & Markham, W. (2010). Working at home: Experiences of skilled white collar workers. Sociological Spectrum, 24(2) March-April 2004, 191-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732170490271744
Andrade, C., & Petiz Lousã, E. (2021). Telework and Work–Family Conflict during COVID-19 Lockdown in Portugal: The Influence of Job-Related Factors. Administrative Sciences, 11(3), 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11030103.
Barrero, J. M., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2021). Why working from home will stick (No. w28731). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2010). Perceived Social Isolation Makes Me Sad: 5-Year Cross-Lagged Analyses of Loneliness and Depressive Symptomatology in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study. Psychology and Aging, 25, 453-463. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017216
Cacioppo, S., Capitanio, J. P., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2014). Toward a neurology of loneliness. Psychological bulletin, 140(6), 1464–1504. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037618
Chandrasekar, K. (2011). Workplace Environment and Its Impact Organizational Performance in Public Sector organizations. International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems, 1(1), 1-19. http://www.ijecbs.com/January2011/N4Jan2011.pdf
Chatterjee, K., Clark, B., Martin, A. and Davis, A. (2017) The Commuting and Wellbeing Study: Understanding the Impact of Commuting on People’s Lives. UWE Bristol, UK.
Choudhury, P. R. (2021). Our work-from-anywhere future. Defense AR Journal, 28(3), 350-350.
Colley, L. and Williamson, C.D.S. (2020). Working during the pandemic: from resistance to revolution?, UNSW Canberra Public Service Research Group and CQUniversity, available at: http://hdl.voced.edu.au/10707/553763
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Introduction: The Discipline and Practice of Qualitative Research. The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 1–32). Sage Publications Ltd.
Dockery, M., & Bawa, S. (2020). Working from Home in the COVID-19 Lockdown. BCEC, 19, 1-5.
Eby, L. T., Casper, W. J., Lockwood, A., Bordeaux, C., & Brinley, A. (2005). Work and family research in IO/OB: Content analysis and review of the literature (1980-2002). Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(1), 124–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.11.003
Fan Chow, J. S., Palamidas, D., Marshall, S., Loomes, W., Snook, S., & Leon, R. (2022). Teleworking from home experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic among public health workers (TelEx COVID-19 study). BMC Public Health, 22, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13031-0
Flick, U. (2006) An Introduction to Qualitative Research. Sage. London.
Frank, E., Zhao, Z., Fang, Y., Rotenstein, L. S., Sen, S., & Guille, C. (2021). Experiences of Work-Family Conflict and Mental Health Symptoms by Gender Among Physician Parents During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open, 4(11), e2134315-e2134315. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.34315
Frone, M. R. (2000). Work–family conflict and employee psychiatric disorders: The national comorbidity survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 888–895. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.6.888
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.77.1.65
Gajendran, R.S. and Harrison, D.A. (2007). ‘The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences’, Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1524– 1541.
Glaser, W., & Hecht, T. (2013). Work-family conflicts, threat-appraisal, self-efficacy and emotional exhaustion. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941311300685
Global Workplace Analytics (2021). https://globalworkplaceanalytics.com/telecommuting-statistics
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10 (1), 76-88. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1985.4277352
Gumbert, D., D. Boyd, (1984). ‘The Loneliness of the Small Business Owner’, Harvard Bus. Rev., 62 (6), pp.33-38.
Gutek, B. A., Searle, S., & Klepa, L. (1991). Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76 (4), 560-568. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.4.560
Haefner, S., Kordy, H., and Kaechele, H. (2001). Psychosozialer Versorgungsbedarf bei Berufspendlern, Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie, 51, 373–376.
Hill, J.E., Grzywacz, J.G., Allen, S., Blanchard, V.L., Matz-Costa, C., Shulkin, S. and Pitt-Catsouphes, M. (2008). Defining and conceptualizing workplace flexibility, Community, Work and Family, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 149-163.
Hotopp, U. (2002). Teleworking in the UK. Labour Market Trends, 110, 311-318.
Kanter, M. (1968). Commitment and social organization：A study of commitment mechanisms in auatopian communities. American Sociological Review, 33, 499.
Klopotek, M. (2017). The advantages and disadvantages of remote working from the perspective of young employees. Organizacja i Zarządzanie: kwartalnik naukowy, (4), 39-49.
Kreiner, G. E. (2006). Consequences of Work-Home Segmentation or Integration: A Person-Environment Fit Perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27 (4), 485–507. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.386.
Lorenz, O. (2018). Does commuting matter to subjective well-being? Journal of Transport Geography, 66, 180-199.
Maruyama, T., Hopkinson, P.G. and James, P.W. (2009). A multivariate analysis of work–life balance outcomes from a large-scale telework programme, New Technology, Work and Employment, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 76-88.
Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of applied psychology, 91(6), 1321. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321
Murthy, V. (2017). Work and the loneliness epidemic: reducing isolation at work is good for business , Retrieved from: https://hbr.org/cover-story/2017/09/work-and-theloneliness
Mushtaq, R., Shoib, S., Shah, T., & Mushtaq, S. (2014). Relationship between Loneliness, Psychiatric Disorders and Physical Health ? A Review on the Psychological Aspects of Loneliness. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 8, 1-4.
Niebuhr, F., Borle, P., Börner-Zobel, F., & Voelter-Mahlknecht, S. (2022). Healthy and Happy Working from Home? Effects of Working from Home on Employee Health and Job Satisfaction. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(3), 1122. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031122
Nilles J.M. (1975). Telecommunications and organizational decentralization. EEE Transactions On Communications, 23(10), 1142-1147.
Nilles, J. (1998). Managing telework: strategies for managing the virtual workforce. New York: Wiley.
Noonan, M., & Glass, J. (2012). The Hard Truth About Telecommuting. Monthly labor review / U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 135.
Olson, M. H. (1983). Remote office work: Changing work patterns in space and time. Communications of the ACM, 26(3), 182–187. https://doi.org/ 10.1145/358061.358068.
Owl Labs Blog (2020). State of Remote Work 2020 https://resources.owllabs.com/state-of-remote-work/2020
Ozcelik, H., & Barsade, S. (2018). No Employee an Island: Workplace Loneliness and Job Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 2015, 1066. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.1066
Prasad, D.K., Mangipudi, D.M.R., Vaidya, D.R., Muralidhar, B. (2020) Organizational climate, opportunities, challenges and sychological wellbeing of the remote working employees during covid-19 pandemic:a general linear model approach with reference to information technology industry in hyderabad. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 11(4), 2020, 372-389.
Raghuram, S., & Wiesenfeld, B. (2004). Work-nonwork conflict and job stress among virtual workers. Human Resource Management, 43(2-3), 259-277. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20019
Rapoport R. N. (1969). The dual career family: A variant pattern and social change. Human Relations, 22, 3-30.
Renshaw (1976). An exploration of dynamics of the overlapping worlds of work and family. Family Process, 15, 143-157.
Rokach, A. (2012). Leadership and Loneliness: A Review. Psychology Journal.
Rudolph, C. W. & Zacher, H. (2020). COVID-19 and careers: On the futility of generational explanations. Journal of Vocational Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103433
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39 (3), 472–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472
Savić, D. (2020). COVID-19 and work from home: Digital transformation of the workforce. Grey J. (TGJ) 16 (2), 101–104
Shamir, B. and Salomon, I. (1985). Work-at-home and the quality of working life. Academy of ManagementReview, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 455-464
Stutzer, A. and Frey, S. (2007). Commuting and life satisfaction in Germany, Informationen zur Raumentwicklung Heft, 2/3.
Suomi, R., & J, P. (1998). Inhibitors and motivators for telework: Some Finnish experiences. European Journal of Information Systems, 7, 221-231. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000292
Tabancali, E. (2016). The Relationship between Teachers’ Job Satisfaction and Loneliness at the Workplace. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 16, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.66.15
Tarver, H. (n.d.). 5 Ways To Deal With Feeling Lonely And Isolated At Work. RootsOfLoneliness.Com. https://www.rootsofloneliness.com/loneliness-at-work
Vander Elst, T., Verhoogen, R., & Godderis, L. (2020). Teleworking and Employee Well-Being in Corona Times: The Importance of Optimal Psychosocial Work Conditions. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(12), e776-e777. https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000002059
Vander Elst, T., Verhoogen, R., Sercu, M., Van den Broeck, A., Baillien, E., & Godderis, L. (2017). Not Extent of Telecommuting, But Job Characteristics as Proximal Predictors of Work-Related Well-Being. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59(10), e180-e186. https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000001132
Wang, B., Liu, Y., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2021). Achieving Effective Remote Working During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Work Design Perspective. Applied Psychology, 70(1), 16-59. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12290
Wax, A., Deutsch, C., Lindner, C., Lindner, S. J., & Hopmeyer, A. (2022). Workplace Loneliness: The Benefits and Detriments of Working From Home. Front Public Health, 10, 903975. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.903975
Wright, S. L. (2005). Loneliness in the Workplace. University of Canterbury.
Wright, S. L., Burt, C.D.B., Strongman, K.T. (2006). Loneliness in the Workplace: Construct definition and scale development. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 35(2), 59-68.
Zhou, X. (2018). A Review of Researches Workplace Loneliness. Psychology, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.95064