附加問句因疑問程度的轉變，具有其特殊語用功能，而正反附加問句更是漢語獨特的語言形式，為使用頻率最高的附加問句（邵敬敏，1990），然而針對此形式之語用功能研究卻仍匱乏。此外，英語附加問句研究已提出男性與女性具有語用功能上的特徵差異（Holmes, 1990），而漢語中尚未見相關研究。有鑑於此，本研究以Podcast媒體之兩人會話作為語料，並以王森（2017）及Holmes（1990）的語用功能架構為參考，輔以會話分析方法，考察漢語正反附加問句的語用功能，並將語料以溝通雙方性別分為男對男說話、男對女說話、女對男說話及女對女說話四組，分析各性別組合使用正反附加問句的特徵差異，最後應用至華語教學中。
本研究蒐集Podcast中男性對談、女性對談及男女對談共12個單集，辨識出185筆正反附加問句。語用功能分析結果顯示，正反附加問句共有七種語用功能，包含「徵求核實」、「徵求允准」、「促進會話」、「連結情感」、「強化立場」、「提出反駁」及「填充話語」，而Podcast會話中的正反附加問句多以「連結情感」及「促進會話」功能為主。在不同詞語組合方面，共發現「對不對」、「是不是」、「好不好」、「有沒有」、「會不會」五種詞語組合，其中「對不對」占大多數，且其主要語用功能為「連結情感」，其次為「是不是」，其主要語用功能為「徵求核實」。在不同的性別組合會話中，男性比女性使用更多正反附加問句，且男性說話者傾向使用「連結情感」及「徵求核實」功能，而女性說話者傾向使用「連結情感」及「促進會話」功能，反映男性與女性在選用語用功能上的性別差異。
本研究根據此研究結果，提供華語教學者針對正反附加問句語用功能的教學材料與教學建議，盼能提升華語學習者對於正反附加問句的聽力理解能力。

Tag questions have unique pragmatic functions due to changes in the level of doubt expressed by the speaker. In particular, A-not-A tag questions possess unique pragmatic functions in Chinese discourse and are considered the most frequently used form of tag questions (Shao, 1990). However, research on the pragmatic functions of this form is still insufficient. Moreover, studies on English tag questions have proposed differences in pragmatic functions between males and females (Holmes, 1990), yet no relevant research has been found in Chinese. In view of this, the present study utilizes two-person conversational data collected from podcasts and refers to the pragmatic function frameworks of Wang (2017) and Holmes (1990), supplemented with Conversation Analysis (CA), to examine the pragmatic functions of A-not-A tag questions in Chinese. The data are also categorized by the gender of the speakers and the listeners: male-to-male, male-to-female, female-to-male, and female-to-female. The present study analyzes the differences in the use of A-not-A tag questions among different gender interactions dyads and applies the findings to teaching Chinese as a second language (TCSL).
The present study utilizes data collected from 12 episodes of Chinese-language podcasts featuring conversations between males, between females, and between males and females, and identified 185 instances of A-not-A tag questions. In terms of pragmatic functions, the results reveal seven pragmatic functions of A-not-A tag questions, including “seeking verification,” “seeking permission,” “facilitating conversation,” “connecting affection,” “emphasizing,” “rebutting,” and “filling discourse.” A-not-A tag questions in podcast conversations primarily serve the functions of connecting affection and facilitating conversation. Regarding different word combinations, five combinations were found, including dui bu dui, shi bu shi, hao bu hao, you mei you, and hui bu hui. Dui bu dui is the most common tag question found in the data, mainly serving the function of “connecting affection,” followed by shi bu shi, primarily used for “seeking verification.” In conversations with different gender combinations, males use more A-not-A tag questions than females. Male speakers tend to use the functions of “connecting affection” and “seeking verification,” while female speakers tend to use the functions of “connecting affection” and “facilitating conversation,” reflecting gender differences in the selection of pragmatic functions.
Finally, based on the findings, the present study provides teaching materials and guidance for Mandarin instructors regarding the pragmatic functions of A-not-A tag questions, aiming to enhance Chinese as a second language (CSL) learners' listening comprehensive ability in using A-not-A tag questions.

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