本研究旨在探討人際困難個案接受短期心理諮商的人際內涵與結果，諮商過程中「效能因素」與「工作同盟」的階段分析及二者之關聯情形。

研究執行二十個月期間，針對九個有效個案，進行一百次個別諮商與三十四次事後訪談，並實施三種量表與「晤談感受量表」的前後測。事後訪談以「人際過程回憶法」搜集「效能因素」資料，以深度訪談搜集「工作同盟」資料，訪談內容全部謄成逐字稿，質化內容分析結果得到「效能因素」有效資料三百五十三碼與「工作同盟」有效資料一百九十三碼。

研究結果發現：
（一） 短期心理諮商的效果呈現個別差異。
（二） 短期心理諮商的效果有團體一致性的傾向，但工作同盟未達明顯改變。
（三） 在效能因素的歸類架構中，本研究個案反映「引導」、「表達」的出現頻率高
於「面質回饋」、「覺察體驗」。可驗證：在短期諮商初期，部份效果來自於「共
同因素」。
（四） 「給建議」是本研究個案反映在效能因素的新發現，隱含本土特徵。而三位案主特有的反應為「對諮商員的負反應」，可能與諮商員風格有關。
（五） 效能因素整合分析結果，反映諮商員的諮商風格為認知行為與問題解決取向。
（六） 效能因素階段分析結果，反映諮商員介入策略的應用，仍採認知行為與問題解決取向。
（七） 工作同盟整合分析結果，反映「工作層面」的發展較「情感層面」困難。
（八） 工作同盟階段分析結果，反映「情感層面」呈現遞增現象，但「工作層面」則無遞增或遞減現象。此外，「工作策略的一致性」在第一階段為排序最高項目，但在第四階段為排序最低項目。
（九） 案主與諮商員建立工作同盟的方式呈現個別差異，分屬於「抗拒」、「探索」、「依賴」、「信任」等四種類型。
（十） 案主接受諮商過程中之「效能因素」與「工作同盟」，確實有關聯現象。
（十一）案主接受事後訪談的內容發現：在心理諮商情境中案主對於諮商員的協助
與自己的反應存有多樣內隱訊息。
（十二）本研究結果頗符合「工作工作同盟模式」（Bordin，1980）。

最後，根據研究結果，研究者對於大專輔導工作的改進，諮商員風格的反省，諮商實務的應用，諮商倫理的考量，「過程研究法」的學術價值，以及未來進一步的研究，提出若干討論與建議。

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the interpersonal conflict issue among college students in the context of Chinese culture, and to investigate the outcome and how these clients go through the therapeutic process in the short-term counseling. It was designed to adopt an exploratory approach to study the counseling process.
At the end of 20 months study, 9 college students with significant difficulties
interpersonal conflict completed 12 sessions of dynamic-oriented short-term counseling. Audio-tapes were used to record data of both counselor’s and clients’ verbal content, Interpersonal Process Recall （IPR）was administered every three sessions, and the selected interpersonal episodes from the counseling transcripts were evaluated by follow-up in-depth
interview conducted by independent raters. Content analyses were also made to assess the effective factors as well as the level and quality of the alliance. The test scores on the counseling effect and the alliance were compared between the intake interviews and the post-therapy interviews.
The major findings were as the following : （1）In general, the outcome at the end of counseling was quite satisfactory, with majority marked improvement. （2）Among various effective factors, ‘guidance’ was remarkable that may reflect the supportive and educational-oriented connotation in the counseling relationship. （3）The general analysis of alliance showed that the working dimension was more difficult to develop compared to the affective dimension. （4）The four alliance patterns between the counselor and clients are ‘resistance’ , ’exploration’ , ’dependence’ , and ‘trustfulness’.（5）The counselor’s theoretical orientation are cognitive-behavior and problem-solving, which could be identified through IPR assessment, the validity of which could thus be appreciate. In conclusion, the preliminary finding is rather distinct and interesting from the cross-cultural perspective.

一、 中文部分

文榮光編（民77） 高雄醫學院附設中和紀念醫院精神科執行心理動力學會談指引。南區精神科住院醫師個別心理治療訓練教材（未出版）。
文榮光 (民86) 人際困難案主接受短期心理治療的過程與結果研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計劃成果報告 （未出版）。
王瑪麗（民74） 人際問題解決訓練對國中女生人際問題解決能力、態度與人際適應的影響。國立台灣師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文（未出版）。
吳武典等著（民82） 輔導原理。台北市，心理出版社。
吳芳萍（民85） 認知行為取向團體輔導對國小高攻擊性兒童輔導效果之研究。國立屏東師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文（未出版）。
李美枝（民72） 從有關公平判斷的研究結果看中國人之人己關係的界限。見楊國樞主編：本土心理學的開展。臺北：桂冠圖書公司。
李柏英（民74）大學生之求助態度與求助行為及其相關變項。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文（未出版）。
李筱蓉（民84） 初期晤談工作同盟的建立－－治療者的意圖與反應模式的分析。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文（未出版）。
李瑞蓉（民85） 不同介入策略對國小攻擊傾向學生輔導效果之研究。國立台北師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文（出版未）。
呂承芬（民86） 諮商員與當事人概念適配性之影響研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導系碩士論文（未出版）。
林杏足、王沂釗 （民84）諮商過程中的諮商策略對工作同盟及諮商結果之影響與分析研究。諮商歷程與諮商效果之分析探討，論文輯要，頁56－89，國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所印行。
成蒂、林方皓譯（民85） 短期心理治療。臺北：心理出版社。
柯永河（民82） 柯氏性格量表修訂報告。教育部訓委會專題研究（未出版）。
許秀惠（民82） 諮商歷程中諮商員意圖與口語反應之分析研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文（未出版）。
許文明（民78） 自我肯定訓練對國小害羞兒童輔導效果之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文（未出版）。
陳秉華、廖鳳池（民81）個別諮商方案評估－－以師大學生輔導中心為例（未出版）。
陳秉華（民82a） 動力取向的短期治療－－應用於大學校園學生。八十一學年度落實諮商教育與諮商實務學術研討會，論文輯要，頁55－66，國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所印行。
陳秉華（民82b） 心理諮商中分離--個體化衝突解決歷程研究。國科會研究計畫（未 出版）。
陳秉華、蔡秀玲（民87） 國內十年來諮商歷程研究之回顧與展望。載於：中國輔導學會主編「輔導學大趨勢」，頁123-163，臺北：心理出版社。
陳政仁譯（民75） 心靈之旅八十天--短期分析式諮商。臺北，張老師出版社。
陳雅英（民84） 印象深刻事件中當事人意圖知覺與當事人內隱反應之分析研究。師大教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文（未出版）。
陳慶福（民84） 諮商員和當事人在諮商過程中的同盟，口語反應模式與晤談感受之研究。彰化師大輔導研究所博士論文（未出版）。
陳斐娟（民85） 諮商歷程中的重要事件、工作同盟與諮商結果之分析研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所博士論文（未出版）。
郭國禎（民77） 社會技巧訓練對青少年攻擊行為之輔導研究。國立台灣教育學院輔導學報，第11期，頁265-301。
黃瑞琴（民80） 質的教育研究法。台北，心理出版社。
黃光國（民72） 人情與面子：中國人的權力遊戲。載余楊國樞主編：中國人的心理。台北：桂冠圖書公司。
黃鈺敏（民84） 第一次晤談的諮商結果與發生的重要事件、諮商員的介入及當事人的反應之分析研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導系碩士論文（未出版）。
楊國樞（民81） 中國人的社會取向：社會互動的觀點。見楊國樞、余安邦編：中國人的心理與行為：理念及方法篇。臺北：桂冠圖書公司。
楊幹雄、許文耀、何莉梅（民82） 短期心理治療過程評估。中華心理衛生學刊，六卷一期，頁67-87。
楊麗英（民80） 社會技巧與認知行為取向訓練團體對高社會焦慮大學生輔導效果之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文（未出版）。
劉淑慧（民84） 個別諮商督導評量表的修訂過程。國科會專題研究報告（未出版）。
劉焜輝（民87） 害群之馬－罔顧專業倫理的「心理諮商師」。載於「輔導線上」，諮商與輔導月刊第151期，臺北：天馬文化事業有限公司。
鄭熙彥、林幸台、宋湘玲（民80）學校輔導工作的理論實施。高雄市，復文圖書出版社。
蕭文、楊瑞珠、鄭崇趁、何進財（民87） 建立學生輔導新體制—教訓輔三合一整合方案。發表於「輔導學大趨勢」座談。中國輔導學會年會。
謝淑敏（民82） 諮商歷程中好的時機之分析研究。台灣師大教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文（未出版）。
羅俊昌（民73） 增進專科學校學生人際關係之輔導實驗研究。國立台灣教育學院輔導研究所碩士論文（未出版）。
羅廷瑛（民85） 「重新做決定」團體諮商對國小單親男童忠誠性衝突、社會焦慮及生命腳本諮商效果之研究。台灣師大教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文（未出版）。

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