過去研究顯示合約型組織型態使企業獲得外部資源，幫助企業克服內部管理資源不足對於企業成長的限制。策略聯盟，是近年來最受歡迎的一種合約型組織型態。策略聯盟讓企業從聯盟夥伴中獲得互補性資源，並且可以在網絡關係中找到新的成長機會。因此，本研究認為企業可以透過策略聯盟的方式，克服內部管理資源不足的限制，進而成長的更快速。然而，過去研究也顯示並非每個策略聯盟都能成功，其成功的關鍵在於企業是否具備管理策略聯盟的能力。有能力管理策略聯盟，企業才能運用策略聯盟克服組織內部管理資源不足對企業成長的限制。本研究使用臺灣178家資訊科技製造業廠商，檢視策略聯盟以及聯盟和契約能力對企業成長的影響。

Prior research has demonstrated that contractual organizational forms allowing firms to gain access to resources external to the firms can help them overcome internal managerial limitations to firm growth. Strategic alliance, as one of the most popular contractual organizational forms in recent years, allows firms to obtain complementary resources from their partners as well as to find new opportunities in network relationships. We argue that firms may overcome the limitations of firm growth and grow faster through strategic alliances. However, prior research has also demonstrated that not every alliance succeeds. Firms with capabilities to manage the alliances are more likely overcome the limitations of firm growth. Using a sample of 178 manufacturers in Taiwan, this study examines the effects of strategic alliance and the alliance and contracting capabilities on the growth of a firm.

Alliance Analyst. (1996). Managing alliances: skills for the modern era.
Aiken, M., & Hage, J. (1968). Organizational interdependence and intra-organizational structure. American Sociological Review, 33, 912-930.
Amburgey, T. L., Kelly, D., & Barnett, W. P. (1993). Resetting the clock: The dynamics of organizational change and failure. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 51-73.
Anand, B. N., & Khanna, T. (2000). Do firms learn to create value? The case of alliances. Strategic Management Journal(March Special Issue 21), 295-315.
Argyres, N. (1996). Evidence on the role of firm capabilities in vertical integration decisions. Strategic Management Journal, 17: 129–150.
Argyres, N., & Mayer, K. J. (2005). Contract design capabilities and contract performance for high technology firms: Implications for the roles of lawyers, managers and engineers. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, New Orleans, LA.
Argyres, N., & Mayer, K. J. (2004). Contract design capability and contract performance by high techology firms: Implications for the roles of managers, engineers and lawyers. Working paper, Boston University School of Management, MA.
Argyres, N., & Mayer, K. J. (2007). Contract design as a firm capability: an integration of learning and transaction cost perspectives. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1060-1077.
Barley, S. R., J. Freeman & R. C. Hybels (1992). ‘Strategic alliances in commercial biotechnology’. In N. Nohria and R. Eccles (eds.), Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form and Action. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, 311–347.
Barney, J. (1986). Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck and business strategy. Management Science. 42: 1231-1241
Barney, J. B. & Hansen, M. H. (1994). ‘Trustworthiness as a source of competitive advantage’, Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue, 15, 175 – 190.
Bleeke J, Ernst D (eds). (1993). Collaborating to Compete: Using Strategic Alliances and Acquisitions in the Global Marketplace. Wiley: New York.
Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural holes: the social structure of competition. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Havard University Press.
Bradach, J. L. & Eccles, R. G. (1989). Markets in W. R. Scott (ed.), Annual Review of Sociology, 15, 97-118
Castrogiovanni, G. J., & Justis, R. T. (2002). Strategic and contextual influences on firm growth: An empirical study of franchisor. Journal of Small Business Management, 40, 98-108.
Child, J. (1987). Information technology, organization, and the response to strategic challenges. California Management Review, 30, 33-50.
Child, J. (2001). Learning through strategic alliances. M. Dierkes, A. Berthoin. Antal, J. Child, I. Nonaka, eds. Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge. Oxford University Press, New York, 675-680.
Child, J. & Faulkner, D. (1998). Strategies of Cooperation: Managing Alliances, Networks and Joint Ventures. Oxford U.K.: Oxford University Press.
Contractor, F. & P. Lorange (1988). ‘Why should firms cooperate? The strategy and economics basis for cooperative ventures’. In F. Contractor and P. Lorange (eds.), Cooperative Strategies in Inter- national Business. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA, 3–30.
Combs, J.G. & Ketchen, D.J. (2003). Why do firms franchise as an entrepreneurial strategy? A meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 29: 443–465.
Darr, E. D., Argote, L., & Epple, D. (1995). The acquisition, transfer, and depreciation of knowledge in service organizations: Productivity in franchises. Management Science, 41, 1750-1762.
Das, T. K., & Teng, B.-S. (2000). A resource-based theory of strategic alliances. Journal of Management, 26, 31-61.
Delmar, F., Davidsson, P., & Gartner, W. (2003). Arriving at the high-growth firm. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 189–216.
Doz, Y. L. (1996). The evolution of cooperation in strategic alliances initial conditions or learning processes. Strategic Management Journal(Summer Special Issue 17), 55-83.
Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660-679.
Eckhardt, J. T., & Shane, S. A. (2003). Opportunities and entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 29, 333-349.
Elfring, T. and Hulsink, W. (2003). Networks in entrepreneurship: The case of high-technology firms, Small Business Economics, 21(4): 409-422.
Foss, N. (1996). Knowledge-based approaches to the theory of the firm: Some critical comments. Organization Science, 7: 470–476.
Geringer, M. J. (1991). Strategic determinants of partner selection criteria in international joint ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, 22(1), 41-62.
Geroski, P.A. (2005). Understanding the implications of empirical work on corporate growth rates. Managerial and Decision Economics, 26, 129–138.
Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380. .
Grossman, S., Hart, O. (1990). The costs and benefits of ownership: A theory of vertical and lateral integration. Political Economic Journal, 94, 691-719
Gulati, R. (1995). Does familiarity breed trust? The implications of repeated ties for contractual choice in alliances. Academy Management Journal, 38, 85–112.
Gulati, R. (1998). Alliances and networks. Strategic Management Journal, April Special Issue 19, 293-317.
Gulati, R. (1999). Network location and learning: The influence of network resources and firm capabilities of alliance formation. Strategic Management Journal, 20(5), 397-420.
Gulati, R., Sytch, M., & Mehrotra, P. (2008). Breaking up is never easy: planning for exit in a strategic alliance. California Management Review, 50(4), 147-163.
Harrigan, K. R. (1985). Managing for joint venture success. New York: Praeger.
Harrigan, K. R. (1988). Joint ventures and competitive strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 9(2), 141-158.
Hoang, H., & Rothaermel, F. T. (2005). The effect of general and partner-specific experience on joint R&D project performance. Academy of Management Review, 48(2), 332-245.
Hoffman, W. H. (2007). Strategies for managing a portfolio of alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 28(8), 827-856.
Ireland, R. D., Hitt, M. A., & Vaidyanath, D. (2002). Alliance management as a source of competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 28(3), 413-446.
Kale, P., Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (2002). Alliance capability, stock market response, and long-term alliance success: the role of the alliance function. Strategic Management Journal, 23(8), 747-767.
Kale, P., & Singh, H. (2007). Building firm capabilities through learning: The role of the alliance learning process in alliance capability and firm-level alliance success. Strategic Management Journal, 28, 981-1000.
Kalmbach, C. J., & Roussel, C. (1999). Dispelling the myths of alliances. Outlook, October (Special Edition), 5-32.
Kogut B. (1988). A study of the life cycle of joint ventures. In Contractor FK, Lorange P (Eds.), Cooperative Strategies in International Business : 169–186 Lexington Books: Lexington, MA.
Kogut, B. (1989). The stability of joint venture: reciprocity and competitive rivalry. Journal of Industrial Economics, 38, 183-198.
Kogut, B. (1991 ). Joint ventures and the option to expand and acquire. Management Science, 37(1), 19–33.
Kogut, B., & Zander, U. (1992). Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organization Science, 7: 502–518.
Levine, S., & White, P. E. (1961). Exchange as a concepttual framework for the study of interorganizational relationships. Administrative Science Quarterly, 5, 583-601.
Lockett, A., Wiklund, J., Davidsson, P., & Sourafel, G. (2011). Organic and acquisitive employment growth: re-examining, testing and extending Penrose's growth theory. Journal of Management Studies, 48(1), 48-74.
Lu, J.W. & Beamish, P.W. (2006). Partnering strategies and performance of SMEs’ international joint ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 21, 461–486.
Mayer, K. J., & Argyres, N. S. (2004). Learning to contract: Evidence from the personal computer industry. Organization Science, 15(4), 394-410.
Mayer, K. J., & Salomon, R. M. (2006). Capabilities, contractual hazards, and governance: Integratating resource-based and transaction cost perspectives. Academy of Management Journal, 49(5), 942-959.
Mckelvie, A., & Wiklund, J. (2010). Advancing firm growth research: A focus on growth mode instead of growth rate. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 34(2), 261-288.
Miller, A.R. & Grossman, T.L. (1990). Business law. Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman
Nelson, R. E. (1989). The strength of strong ties: Social networks and intergroup. conflict in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 32(2), 377-401.
Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. G. (1982). An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Norton, S. W. (1988). Franchising, brand name capital, and entrepreneurial capacity problem. Strategic Management Journal, 9(S1), 105-114.
Pearce, J. I., & Hatfield, L. (2002). Performance effects of alternative joint venture resource responsibility structures. Journal of Business Venturing, 17, 343-364.
Penrose, E. T. (1959). The theory of the growth of the firm. New York: Oxford University Press.
Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G. R. (1978). The External Control of Organizations. New York: Harper and Row.
Phelps, R., Adams, R., & Bessant, J. (2007). Life cycles of growing organizations: A review with implications for knowledge and learning. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9, 1-30.
Powell, W. W. (1990). ‘Neither market nor hierarchy: Network forms of organization’. In B. M. Staw and L. L. Cummings (eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior. JAI Press, Greenwich, CT, 12, 295– 336.
Powell, W. W. & P. Brantley (1992). ‘Competitive cooperation in biotechnology: Learning through net- works’. In N. Nohria and R. Eccles (eds.), Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form and Action. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, 366 – 394.
Richardson, G. B. (1972). The organization of industry. Economic Journal, 82, 883-896.
Rumelt R. (1987). Theory, strategy and entrepreneurshgip. In D. Teece (ed.) The Competitive Challenge. Ballinger, Cambridge, MA: 137-158.
Shan, W. (1990). An empirical analysis of organizational strategies by entrepreneurial high-technology firms. Strategic Management Journal, 11(2), 129-139.
Shan, W., Walker, G., & Kogut, B. (1994). Interfirm cooperation and startup innovation in the biotechnology industry. Strategic Management Journal, 15(5), 387-394.
Shane, S. A. (1996). Hybrid organizational arrangements and their implications for firm growth and survival: A study of new franchisors. The Academy of Management Journal, 39(1), 216-234.
Simonin, B. L. (1997). The importance of collaborative know-how: an empirical test of the learning organization. Academy of Management Journal, 40(5), 1150-1175.
Singh, R.P., Hills, G.E., Lumpkin, G.T., & Hybels, R.C. (1999). The entrepreneurial opportunity recognition process: examining the role of self-perceived alertness and social networks. Paper presented at the 1999 Academy of Management Meeting, Chicago, IL.
Slater, M. (1980). The managerial limitations to the growth of firms. EconomicJournal, 8: 520-528
Tan, D., & Mahoney, J. T. (2005). Examining the Penrose Effect in an international business context: The dynamics of Japanese firm growth in US industries. Managerial and Decision Economics, 26, 113-127.
Tan, D., & Mahoney, J. T. (2007). The dynamics of Japanese firm growth in U.S. industries: The Penrose effect. Management International Review, 47, 259-279.
Teece, D. (1986). Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collabora- tion, licensing and public policy. Research Policy, 15: 285-305.
Thompson, R. S. (1994). The franchise life cycle and the Penrose effect. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 24(2): 207-218.
Vermeulen, F. & Barkema, H. (2001). Learning through acquisitions. Academy of
Management Journal, 44(3): 457-476.
Williamson, O. E. (1975). Markets and Hierarchies. The Free Press, New York.
Williamson, O. E. (1985). Economic Institutions of Capitalism. The Free Press, New York.
Williamson, O. E. (1991). Comparative economic organization: The analysis of discrete structural. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36(2), 269-296.
Williamson, O. E. (1996). The Mechanisms of Governance. Oxford University Press, New York.
Wittmann, C. M. (2007). Strategic alliances: What can we learn when they fail? Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 14(3), 1-20.
Zaheer, A., & Bell, G. G. (2005). Benefiting from network position: Firm capabilities, structural holes, and performance. Strategic Management Journal, 26, 809-825.
Zollo, M., Reuer, J. J., & Singh, H. (2002). Inter-organizational routines and performance in strategic alliances. Organization Science, 13(6), 701-713.
Zahra, S.A., Ireland, R.D., & Hitt, M.A. (2000). International expansion by new venture firms: International diversity, mode of market entry, technological learning, and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 43: 929–950