十九世紀的法國歷經普法戰爭後，在音樂界形成振興昔日光輝的一股風潮，除了注重傳
統的器樂音樂，也逐漸發展新穎的創作手法，企圖擺脫日耳曼音樂風格的影響。於 1871 年成立「國家音樂協會」 ( Société Nationale de Musique )，並激勵當時的作曲家進行創作，在音樂創作上發展出三種風格，國際音樂 ( Le Style International )、溫和浪漫 ( Romantisme Modéré ) 和印象樂派 ( Impressionism )，其中印象樂派的興起受到繪畫的印象主義影響，以光線與色彩變化成為當時法國音樂發展的特色。
阿希爾-克勞德・德布西 ( Achille- Claude Debussy, 1862 – 1918 ) 與約瑟夫-莫里斯・
拉威爾 ( Joseph- Maurice Ravel, 1875 – 1937 ) 同為印象樂派的代表作曲家，在承襲法國傳統音樂之際，也以獨特的創作手法發展出音樂的新道路，在創作語法上兩人具有各自的特色；筆者以兩位作曲家致敬巴洛克樂派鍵盤組曲的鋼琴作品《為鋼琴的》、《庫普蘭之墓》作樂曲分析與詮釋之探討，分別選自兩部作品中的〈前奏曲〉、〈觸技曲〉，以及法國在十七至十八世紀盛行的兩種慢速舞曲〈薩拉邦舞曲〉、〈佛拉納舞曲〉，由曲式架構、調性、和聲與素材等創作手法比較兩位作曲家的創作特色。

After Franco-Prussian War in the 19th century, the revitalization of French music was all the rage. In addition to emphasizing traditional instrumental music, France developed innovative methods of composition, got rid of the influence of Germanic music, and established a music organization called “Société Nationale de Musique ” in 1871. The organization encouraged those composers to compose music, developing three different styles of composition, such as “Le Style International”, “Romantisme Modéré” and “Impressionism”. Among those styles, the rising of“Impressionism” was affected by “Impressionnisme” in the 1860s. “Impressionism” presents lights and variations of hues in music.
Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel were representatives of “Impressionism”. Apart from inheriting French traditional music, they developed innovative music through their compositional techniques.
The analysis and interpretation of “Pour le piano” and “Le tombeau de Couperin”, which pay homage to keyboard suites in Baroque, will be discussed in this article. Those piano suites consist of Prélude, Toccata, and slow dance movements that were prevalent in the 17th and 18th centuries in France, such as Sarabande and Forlane. To compare distinguishing features of two composers, the structure, tonality, harmony and elements of those dance movements will be expounded as well.

一、中文書籍
大衛・伯內特・詹姆斯（David Burnett James）著。楊敦惠譯。《偉大作曲家群像—拉威
爾》。足智文化。2020 年。
林淑真。《德布西二十四首鋼琴前奏曲研究》。高雄市：頌音出版社。1997 年。

二、英文書籍
Grout, Donald Jay, J. Peter Burkholder, and Claude V. Palisca. A History of Western Music. 2014.
Howat, Roy. The art of French piano music : Debussy, Ravel, Fauré, Chabrier. New Haven, Conn. ; London : Yale University Press. 2009.
Hugh, Thompson. Debussy: man and artist. New York: Dover Publications. 1967.
Nichols, Roger. The Life of Debussy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1998.
Taruskin, Richard. The Oxford History of Western Music. Vol. 4. The Early Twentieth Century. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005.
Victor, Lederer, Debussy: The Quiet Revolutionary. Amadeus Press. 2007.

三、網路文獻
"Boléro." In The Oxford Companion to Music. edited by Latham, Alison.: Oxford University Press. Accessed 17 Feb. 2021.
"César Franck", In obo in Music. Oxford Reference.; Accessed 24 Jan. 2021.
"Couperin (i), François." Fuller, David, and Bruce Gustafson. Grove Music Online. 2001; Accessed 21 Feb. 2021.
"Debussy, (Achille-) Claude." Lesure, François, and Roy Howat. Grove Music Online. 2001; Accessed 4 Feb. 2021.
"Fauré, Gabriel Urbain." In Who's Who in the Twentieth Century. edited by Market House Books. Oxford University Press. 1999；Accessed 24 Jan. 2021.
"Franco-Prussian War." Oxford Reference.; Accessed 23 Jan. 2021.
"Gershwin, George." In The Oxford Companion to Music.: Oxford University Press. 2011. Accessed 18 Feb. 2021.
"Impressionism." In The Oxford Dictionary of Music. edited by Kennedy, Joyce, Michael Kennedy, and Tim Rutherford-Johnson.: Oxford University Press. 2012.
"Lavignac, (Alexandre Jean) Albert." Lebeau, Elisabeth, and James R. Briscoe. Grove Music Online. 2001.; Accessed 3 Feb. 2021.
"Organ." Owen, Barbara. Grove Music Online. 16 Oct. 2013; Accessed 21 Feb. 2021.
"Richard Wagner." Oxford Reference.; Accessed 15 Jan. 2021.
"Ravel, Maurice." Craine, Debra, and Judith Mackrell. In The Oxford Dictionary of Dance.: Oxford University Press. 2010. Accessed Feb 8. 2021.
"Renaissance." Holberton, Paul. In The Oxford Companion to Western Art.: Oxford University Press. 2001.; Accessed 6 Feb. 2021.
"Société Nationale de Musique." In The Oxford Companion to Music. edited by Latham, Alison. : Oxford University Press.; Accessed 17 Feb. 2021.
"Valse, La." In The Oxford Companion to Music. edited by Latham, Alison.: Oxford University Press. ; Accessed 17 Feb. 2021.

四、樂譜
Debussy. Claude. Pour le piano. Éditions Durand. 2004.
Ravel. Maurice. Le tombeau de Couperin Suite pour piano. Paris: Durand & Cie., 1918.

五、影音資料
François, Samson. RAVEL, M. Le tombeau de Couperin. Erato 190295188146. 1967. CD.
Walter, Gieseking. DEBUSSY, C. Pour le piano. Naxos Classical Archives 9.81081. 1953. CD.