本研究目的主要是欲瞭解國小學童的體能活動現況並探討個人背景因素、生理決定因素、社會學習變項及環境因素與體能活動量間之關係。本研究以臺北市某國小四、五、六年級全體學童為母群，採分層集束抽樣法抽出研究樣本，並利用自填問卷方式進行資料收集，得有效樣本389人，實際分析樣本313人。所得資料以單因子變異數分析、卡方檢定、點二系列相關、積差相關及逐步複迴歸等統計方法進行分析，重要結果歸納如下:一. 本研究對象的肌力與肌耐力在男、女生方面，皆有隨年齡增加而呈現增加之趨勢；柔軟度方面，研究對象的男、女生皆是從十歲開始，隨年齡增加，柔軟度也有增加的趨勢，且女生各年齡層的柔軟度皆較男生各年齡層的柔軟度為佳；在心肺耐力方面，研究對象的男生，從十歲起才有隨年齡增加，心肺耐力增高的現象，女生則隨年齡之增加，心肺耐力也有增加之趨勢。二. 本研究對象之運動角色模仿對象人數偏低；而在運動的社會支持方面，所獲得來自家人與同儕的支 持平均而言皆屬中等程度的支持，而老師的支持則為較低程度的支持。研究對象僅有中等程度之運動自我效能；知覺運動障礙並不高；但有高度之知覺運動效益；研究對象中僅有少數常收看運動節目；假日與平常時間看電視或玩電視遊樂器的時間整體而言並不長。三. 本研究對象之家庭運動設備及環境運動設施並不缺乏；且平常未放假時有足夠之戶外活動時間，假日時之戶外活動時間也相當充分。四. 本研究對象所從事之中重度體能活動量，在能量 消耗及頻率方面而言，皆以星期假日較平時為多；且活動型態以高強度休閒活動為主。五.本研究對象的體能活動量在性別及參與運動社團上有顯著差異；且體能活動量與心肺耐力、肌力、肌耐力、同儕運動支持、運動自我效能、知覺運動效益、收看運動節目、家庭運動設備及環境運動設施呈顯著正相關，而與知覺運動障礙呈顯著負相關。六. 本研究對象之性別、家庭運動設備、收看運動節目及同儕運動支持為體能活動量之重要預測變項，其中以性別之影響力最大。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of a primary school, and to explore the relationships among physical activity and selected demographic characteristics, physiologic determinants, social learning variables and environmental variables.By using a stratified cluster sampling method, 313 of valid samples were collected with a self-administrated questionnaires. One-way Anova, Chi-square test, point-biserial correlation, Pearson's product-monent and Multiple Regression were used to analyze the data.The results indicated that:(1)The subjets showed anincrease of muscular strength and muscular endurance from age 9 to 12 in both sexes; Flexibility showed anincrease after age 10 in both sexes, Females' flexibility was better than males' across all ages; For cadiorespiratory endurance, males showed an increase after age 10. Females indicated an increase from age 9 to 12 . (2)The subjects had low portion of role modeling and moderate level of exercise social support from friends and family, while relative low level of exercise social support from teachers. Moderate level of self-efficacy for exercise and high level of perceived benefits for exercise were found, while perceived barriers for exercise were found related low. Minority of subjects often watched TV programs about exercise, time of spending in waching TV or playing TV games is not long on Saturday, Sunday and weekdays.(3) In general the subjects had enough home equipment and environmental facilities of exercise, and time for outdoors activities on Saturday, Sunday and weekdays were found adequate.(4) The subjects who engaged in moderate to intense physical activity were found to exercise at weekends. Leisure and sports activities of higher intensity was more often than the other.(5) The study showed significant variation among physical activity, gender and sport team membership. Physical activity was highly correlated with cardiorepiratory endurance, muscular strength, exercise social support fom friends, self- efficacy for exercise, perceived benefits for exercise, watching TV programs about exercise, numbers of home equipment and environmental facilities of exercise; while negatively correlaed with perceived barriers for exercise.(6) Gender, numbers of home equipment of exercise, watching TV programs about exercise and exercise social support fom friends were significant predictors of physical activity; gender played the most important role in differance of physical activity.