摘 要

社區學院是介於中等和高等教育之間的成人教育機構，其彈性的學制對於我國推動終生學習制度與教育改革頗有助益。本研究擬以策略規畫的相關理論為基礎，作為分析美國社區學院的依據，並作為規畫設置我國社區學院的基本架構。因此，本研究的主要目的有三：一、分析美國社區學院的策略規畫要素；二、探討策略規畫的相關理論；三、探究我國社區學院的策略規畫環境條件，並提出相關建議。
本研究採用策略規畫作為方法論的架構，以策略的分析研究法和德惠法作為研究的方法，除了蒐集相關文獻進行敘述性分析與詮釋外，並整理出我國社區學院策略規畫的內外在環境要素，針對36位學者專家與成人教育行政人員進行德惠法問卷調查，以得出策略規畫影響要素的重要性與有利程度。
本研究的重要發現有三：

一、美國社區學院的策略規畫：
（一）教育改革趨勢和社會經濟環境的改變形成美國社區學院的社會需求背景。
（二）促進終生學習和增進社區發展是美國社區學院的主要目標。
（三）提供成人基本教育、提供轉學教育、提供弱勢團體教育，以及培養社區人才等，是美國社區學院的主要功能。
（四）重視組織經營與管理、多元化的組織設計、強調教學與學生服務，以及發展公共關係等，是美國社區學院內部環境的重要優勢條件。
（五）多校區組織難管理、課程效果受質疑，以及學生來源不穩定等，是美國社區學院內部環境的重要劣勢條件。
（六）結合社區資源、配合經濟發展、落實終生教育，以及推動社區教育等，是美國社區學院外部環境的重要機會條件。
（七）績效標準難訂定、競爭對象多，以及社區需求難掌握等，是美國社區學院外部環境的重要威脅條件。
（八）財源以公共支持為主、採取開放入學政策、強調教學的功能，以及以社區為服務範圍等，是美國社區學院的主要特色。

二、策略規畫用於社區學院分析的原則：
（一）瞭解社區學院的問題與挑戰。
（二）兼顧社區學院組織內部分析與外部環境檢驗。
（三）領導者的遠見與魄力對社區學院的前景有很大的影響。
（四）社區學院應成立策略規畫委員會，進行全面的規畫。
（五）策略規畫委員會應注重集體討論與腦力激盪。
（六）社區學院應強調團隊學習與全員參與。
（七）加強社區學院短程、中程、長程計畫的整體協調與連貫。
（八）建立社區學院運作的檢驗與回饋機制。
（九）注重與社區學院策略規畫有關資訊的蒐集。
（十）社區學院應尊重社區和組織既有的文化基礎。

三、我國社區學院策略規畫的要素：
（一）門戶開放政策、教育機會均等與全民學習、自我導向學習，以及教育與生活結合等，是我國社區學院教育的主要理論基礎。
（二）增進全民終生學習的機會、開闢彈性多元的學習管道，以及鼓勵全民參與，提昇公共領域的活力等，是我國設置社區學院應致力的主要目標。
（三）提供社區一般成人的教育、提供多元文化教育的機會、提供文化陶冶與人文素養的教育，以及提供職業教育與訓練等，是我國設置社區學院應該發揮的主要功能。
（四）終生教育的問題與需求、社區學院的師資、課程、法源、經費，以及企業界和民意代表對社區學院的瞭解、認同等，是影響我國設置社區學院的教育內部環境重要優勢條件。
（五）課程設計難與生活實用性結合、民眾休閒生活的需求不足、補習班業者的反彈態度，是影響我國設置社區學院的教育內部環境重要劣勢條件。
（六）終生教育與成人教育的法規與研究、傳播媒體的蓬勃與知識的發達、國民休閒時間增多、資訊科技的普及，以及學區交通的便捷等，是影響我國設置社區學院的外部環境重要機會條件。
（七）政治民主化程度不夠、國民失業率升高、社會貧富的差距拉大，以及人口成長趨緩等，是影響我國設置社區學院的外部環境重要威脅條件。

本研究的建議有三：

一、配合社區學院相關之終生學習措施：
（一）建立終生學習學費補助制度。
（二）確保社區學院的穩定財源。
（三）成立社區學院協調與學分認證單位。
（四）改善大學推廣教育。
（五）強化社區學習資源網路。
（六）建立社區學院的法源基礎。

二、設置我國社區學院的具體策略：
（一）確立社區學院的定位。
（二）澄清社區學院的目標與功能。
（三）強化社區學院的組織架構。
（四）彈性聘用社區學院的師資。
（五）規畫綜合性的社區學院課程。
（六）建立社區學院的財務規畫制度。
（七）訂定社區學院的多元招生策略。
（八）運用策略思考與策略規畫管理社區學院。

三、設置我國社區學院的優先策略：
（一）中央方面：包括宣導社區學院與終生學習的理念等七項。
（二）縣市方面：包括籌措財源配合社區學院政策等五項。
（三）學校與機構方面：包括大學院校附設社區學院等六項。

參 考 文 獻

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