氣候變遷造成的影響日益嚴重，全球許多國家皆已遭遇極端氣候事件，因此如何減少溫室氣體的排放成為世界各國的重要議題。在人們日常生活的面向中，交通佔有一定的重要性，尤其是在私人機動運具使用比例偏高的情況下，也相對應產生不少碳排。為了要減少運輸部門的溫室氣體排放量，臺灣近年來持續推行綠運輸，鼓勵民眾使用公共運輸、自行車或步行等低碳排的交通方式，而臺北市雖然擁有相當便利的大眾運輸，但其市占率卻未能達到預期目標，仍有持續成長的空間。因此，如何提升民眾使用綠運輸的意願，以減緩運輸部門溫室氣體排放對氣候變遷的貢獻，為本研究的主要研究動機。
本研究主要目的為探討臺北市民選擇使用綠運輸行為意圖背後的影響因子，以計畫行為理論為基礎，並增加運具特性、氣候變遷識覺與習慣來擴展原理論。本研究採用問卷調查法，研究對象為現居臺北市的民眾，並以捷運、公車和Ubike作為綠運輸的範疇。最後共回收281份有效問卷，使用SPSS軟體進行後續的統計分析。
本研究的結果顯示：（1）對綠運輸的態度、主觀規範及知覺行為控制對使用綠運輸的行為意圖皆有顯著正向影響，其重要性依序為知覺行為控制、態度、主觀規範。（2）在擴展構面中，運具特性與氣候變遷識覺能夠顯著提升對整體行為意圖的解釋能力，且兩者與行為意圖之間皆呈顯著正相關；習慣則與行為意圖無顯著相關，對整體行為意圖的解釋力沒有顯著提升。（3）氣候變遷識覺透過態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制與運具特性的中介，間接影響行為意圖，且皆為部分中介。（4）私人運具習慣在態度與行為意圖之間、運具特性與行為意圖之間有顯著的調節效果，且皆為正向調節。

The impact of climate change is becoming increasingly severe, and many countries around the world have experienced extreme weather events. Consequently, reducing greenhouse gas emissions has become a critical issue for all nations. In daily life, transportation holds significant importance, especially with the high usage rate of private motor vehicles, which correspondingly generates a substantial amount of carbon emissions. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector, Taiwan has been promoting green transportation in recent years, encouraging the public to use public transportation, bicycles, or walk as low-carbon travel options. Although Taipei City has a highly convenient public transportation system, its market share has not yet reached the expected target and still has room for growth. Therefore, the primary motivation of this study is to explore ways to increase the public's willingness to use green transportation, thereby mitigating the contribution of greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector to climate change.
The main objective of this study is to investigate the factors influencing Taipei residents' behavioral intentions to choose green transportation. The study is based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, expanded to include vehicle characteristics, climate change awareness, and habits. A questionnaire survey was conducted among residents of Taipei City, focusing on the use of the MRT, buses, and Ubike as green transportation options. A total of 281 valid questionnaires were collected and subsequently analyzed using SPSS software.
The results of this study indicate that: (1) Attitudes towards green transportation, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control all have a significant positive impact on the behavioral intention to use green transportation, with the importance ranking as perceived behavioral control, attitude, and subjective norms. (2) Among the expanded dimensions, vehicle characteristics and climate change awareness significantly enhance the explanatory power of overall behavioral intention, and both have a significant positive correlation with behavioral intention; habits do not have a significant correlation with behavioral intention and do not significantly improve the explanatory power of overall behavioral intention. (3) Climate change awareness indirectly affects behavioral intention through the mediation of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and vehicle characteristics, and all are partial mediations. (4) The habit of using private vehicles has a significant moderating effect between attitude and behavioral intention, and between vehicle characteristics and behavioral intention, with both being positive moderations.

行政院環境保護署（2023）。2023年中華民國國家溫室氣體排放清冊報告。
交通部（2022）。111年民眾日常使用運具狀況調查問卷。
交通部（2023）。111年民眾日常使用運具狀況調查摘要分析。
交通部（2023）。臺閩地區111年民眾日常使用運具狀況調查—平常日市話及手機調查—統計表。
江銀嘉（2014）。以計畫行為理論探討高雄市民眾對電動機車使用意圖〔碩士論文，國立中山大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
吳于荷（2019）。台北市捷運站周邊土地混合使用型態對影響搭乘捷運意願之研究〔碩士論文，國立政治大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
吳可兒（2019）。步行環境對影響民眾搭乘捷運意願之探討—以臺北市為例〔碩士論文，國立政治大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
吳明隆（2014）。論文寫作與量化研究。五南。
吳建彤（2011）。建成環境對捷運轉乘運具選擇之影響－台北捷運南港線之實證研究〔碩士論文，國立臺北大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
李欣育（2008）。應用計畫行為理論探討計程車共乘行為之研究－以劍潭捷運站排班計程車為例〔碩士論文，中央警察大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
李德治（2015）。多變量分析：專題及論文常用的統計方法。雙葉書廊。
李燕惠（2023）。以計畫行為理論探討大學生健身運動行為之研究〔碩士論文，嘉南藥理大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
沈巧惠（2016）。以計畫行為理論探討民眾騎乘公共自行車行為意向研究〔碩士論文，南開科技大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
林平全（2016）。台北都會區通勤者使用公共運具關鍵因素之研究〔碩士論文，中華大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
林愉敏（2023）。以計畫行為理論探討花蓮縣國小高年級學童飲用含糖飲料之行為意圖與其相關因素〔碩士論文，國立東華大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
邱佑傑（2022）。輕軌乘客轉乘公共自行車行為意向影響因素之探討〔碩士論文，國立政治大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
邱靜淑（2004）。都市通勤者運具選擇行為之研究〔碩士論文，國立暨南國際大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
范凱婷（2021）。以計畫行為理論探討民眾使用共享機車行為意向之研究〔碩士論文，世新大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
國家發展委員會（2022）。臺灣2050淨零排放路徑及策略總說明。
莊畫晴（2016）。台北市公共運輸旅運行為之研究〔碩士論文，國立政治大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
陳玟如（2020）。以計畫行為理論探討高雄市公車式小黃搭乘意願〔碩士論文，國立高雄科技大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
陳芝羽（2023）。以計畫行為理論探討學前特教教師參與專業學習社群之行為意圖〔碩士論文，國立屏東大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
陳品竹（2014）。臺北市公共自行車使用者意向之研究〔碩士論文，國立臺灣大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
陳禹任（2014）。應用計畫行為理論探討通勤族以自行車通勤之行為意圖-以台南市為例〔碩士論文，國立成功大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
陳惠國、盧柏叡（2015）。計程車共乘行為意向的影響因素之研究。都市交通， 30（2），113-135。
陳慧裕（2010）。探討自行車道結合捷運系統對通勤族運輸意願之研究〔碩士論文，樹德科技大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
曾鈺珊（2023）。以計畫行為理論探討公務員吹哨行為之意圖〔碩士論文，國立暨南國際大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
黃欣儀（2018）。以計畫行為理論探討消費者對oBike之再使用意願〔碩士論文，國立成功大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
黃鳳媚（2023）。應用計畫行為理論探討臺灣公立大學研究人員搜尋學術文獻之意圖與行為〔碩士論文，國立政治大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
臺北市政府民政局（2024）。臺北市各區現住人口數按性別及年齡分。
臺北市政府交通局（2018）。臺北市交通政策白皮書。
臺北市政府交通局（2019）。107年臺北市民眾日常使用運具狀況摘要分析。
楊佳琪（2023）。以計畫行為理論探討消費者對二手書的購買意圖與行為之研究 〔碩士論文，國立高雄科技大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
劉育婷（2023）。以計畫行為理論探討五十歲以上民眾對大腸癌篩檢之行為意圖 〔碩士論文，弘光科技大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
蔡欣妤（2022）。臺灣茶農對氣候變遷的識覺與調適行動—以新北坪林地區為例 〔碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
蔡瀧德（2013）。影響民眾使用公共腳踏車意願之研究-以高雄地區民眾為例〔碩士論文，國立高雄應用科技大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
鄭羽庭（2023）。應用計畫行為理論探討原住民參與溪流巡護之行為–以山美社區為例〔碩士論文，國立中興大學〕。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
賴文泰（2011）。不同大眾運輸供給地區旅運者之大眾運具使用行為分析。運輸計劃季刊，40（3），287-308。https://doi.org/10.6402/tpj.201109.0056
Abrahamse, W., & Steg, L. (2009). How do socio-demographic and psychological factors relate to households’ direct and indirect energy use and savings? Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(5), 711-720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2009.05.006
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11-39). Springer.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211.
Ajzen, I. (2020). The theory of planned behavior: Frequently asked questions. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(4), 314-324. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.195
Ali, N., Nakayama, S., & Yamaguchi, H. (2023). Using the extensions of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) for behavioral intentions to use public transport (PT) in Kanazawa, Japan. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100742
Ambak, K., Kasvar, K. K., Daniel, B. D., Prasetijo, J., & Abd Ghani, A. R. (2016). Behavioral intention to use public transport based on theory of planned behavior. MATEC Web of Conferences.
Bakker, S., Zuidgeest, M., de Coninck, H., & Huizenga, C. (2014). Transport, Development and Climate Change Mitigation: Towards an Integrated Approach. Transport Reviews, 34(3), 335-355. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2014.903531
Bamberg, S. (2003). How does environmental concern influence specific environmentally related behaviors? A new answer to an old question. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-4944(02)00078-6
Bamberg, S., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2010). Choice of Travel Mode in the Theory of Planned Behavior: The Roles of Past Behavior, Habit, and Reasoned Action. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25(3), 175-187. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp2503_01
Brohi, S., Kalwar, S., Memon, I. A., & Ghaffar, A. (2021). Using the theory of planned behavior to identify the behavioral intention to use public transportation service: the case study of Karachi circular railway. Int. J. Emerg. Technol, 12(6), 317-322.
Canova, L., & Manganelli, A. M. (2020). Energy-Saving Behaviours in Workplaces: Application of an Extended Model of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Eur J Psychol, 16(3), 384-400. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i3.1893
Chen, C.-F., & Chao, W.-H. (2011). Habitual or reasoned? Using the theory of planned behavior, technology acceptance model, and habit to examine switching intentions toward public transit. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 14(2), 128-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2010.11.006
Chen, C.-F., & Lai, W.-T. (2011). The effects of rational and habitual factors on mode choice behaviors in a motorcycle-dependent region: Evidence from Taiwan. Transport Policy, 18(5), 711-718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.01.006
Chen, M. F. (2014). An examination of the value‐belief‐norm theory model in predicting pro‐environmental behaviour in Taiwan. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 18(2), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12096
Chen, S.-Y. (2016). Using the sustainable modified TAM and TPB to analyze the effects of perceived green value on loyalty to a public bike system. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 88, 58-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.03.008
Conner, M., & Armitage, C. J. (1998). Extending the theory of planned behavior: A review and avenues for further research. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(15), 1429-1464.
Creutzig, F., Jochem, P., Edelenbosch, O. Y., Mattauch, L., Vuuren, D. P. v., McCollum, D., & Minx, J. (2015). Transport: A roadblock to climate change mitigation? Science, 350(6263), 911-912.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS quarterly, 319-340.
De Groot, J. I., & Steg, L. (2009). Morality and prosocial behavior: the role of awareness, responsibility, and norms in the norm activation model. J Soc Psychol, 149(4), 425-449. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.149.4.425-449
De Groot, J. I., Steg, L., & Dicke, M. (2008). Transportation trends from a moral perspective: Value orientations, norms and reducing car use. New transportation research progress, 16, 2-26.
Deng, Y., Wang, M., & Yousefpour, R. (2017). How do people's perceptions and climatic disaster experiences influence their daily behaviors regarding adaptation to climate change? - A case study among young generations. Sci Total Environ, 581-582, 840-847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.022
Donald, I. J., Cooper, S. R., & Conchie, S. M. (2014). An extended theory of planned behaviour model of the psychological factors affecting commuters' transport mode use. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40, 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.03.003
Dulal, H. B., Brodnig, G., & Onoriose, C. G. (2011). Climate change mitigation in the transport sector through urban planning: A review. Habitat International, 35(3), 494-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2011.02.001
Eccarius, T., & Lu, C.-C. (2020). Adoption intentions for micro-mobility – Insights from electric scooter sharing in Taiwan. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102327
Ercan, T., Onat, N. C., & Tatari, O. (2016). Investigating carbon footprint reduction potential of public transportation in United States: A system dynamics approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 133, 1260-1276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.051
Eriksson, L., & Forward, S. E. (2011). Is the intention to travel in a pro-environmental manner and the intention to use the car determined by different factors? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 16(5), 372-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2011.02.003
European Commission. (2020). Special Eurobarometer 495 – September 2019 “Mobility and Transport” Report.
Fu, X. (2020). How habit moderates the commute mode decision process: integration of the theory of planned behavior and latent class choice model. Transportation, 48(5), 2681-2707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-020-10144-6
Fu, X., & Juan, Z. (2017). Exploring the psychosocial factors associated with public transportation usage and examining the “gendered” difference. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 103, 70-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.05.017
Gardner, B. (2009). Modelling motivation and habit in stable travel mode contexts. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 12(1), 68-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2008.08.001
Heath, Y., & Gifford, R. (2002). Extending the theory of planned behavior: Predicting the use of public transportation 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(10), 2154-2189.
Hunecke, M., Haustein, S., Böhler, S., & Grischkat, S. (2010). Attitude-based target groups to reduce the ecological impact of daily mobility behavior. Environment and behavior, 42(1), 3-43.
IPCC. (2023). Sections. In: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 35-115, doi: 10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647
Jaramillo, P., S. Kahn Ribeiro, P. Newman, S. Dhar, O.E. Diemuodeke, T. Kajino, D.S. Lee, S.B. Nugroho, X. Ou, A. Hammer Strømman, J. Whitehead. (2022). Transport. In IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, R. Slade, A. Al Khourdajie, R. van Diemen, D. McCollum, M. Pathak, S. Some, P. Vyas, R. Fradera, M. Belkacemi, A. Hasija, G. Lisboa, S. Luz, J. Malley, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. doi: 10.1017/9781009157926.012
Kaewkluengklom, R., Satiennam, W., Jaensirisak, S., & Satiennam, T. (2017). Influence of psychological factors on mode choice behaviour: Case study of BRT in Khon Kaen City, Thailand. Transportation research procedia, 25, 5072-5082.
Kwan, S. C., & Hashim, J. H. (2016). A review on co-benefits of mass public transportation in climate change mitigation. Sustainable Cities and Society, 22, 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2016.01.004
Li, H.-r. (2016). Study on Green Transportation System of International Metropolises. Procedia Engineering, 137, 762-771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.01.314
Liao, C., Chen, J.-L., & Yen, D. C. (2007). Theory of planning behavior (TPB) and customer satisfaction in the continued use of e-service: An integrated model. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(6), 2804-2822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2006.05.006
Lind, H. B., Nordfjærn, T., Jørgensen, S. H., & Rundmo, T. (2015). The value-belief-norm theory, personal norms and sustainable travel mode choice in urban areas. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 44, 119-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.06.001
Lo, S. H., van Breukelen, G. J. P., Peters, G.-J. Y., & Kok, G. (2016). Commuting travel mode choice among office workers: Comparing an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior model between regions and organizational sectors. Travel Behaviour and Society, 4, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2015.11.002
Madden, T. J., Ellen, P. S., & Ajzen, I. (1992). A comparison of the theory of planned behavior and the theory of reasoned action. Personality and social psychology Bulletin, 18(1), 3-9.
Masrom, M. (2007). Technology acceptance model and e-learning. Technology, 21(24), 81.
Mehdizadeh, M., Nordfjaern, T., & Mamdoohi, A. (2016). The role of socio-economic, built environment and psychological factors in parental mode choice for their children in an Iranian setting. Transportation, 45(2), 523-543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-016-9737-z
Murtagh, S., Rowe, D. A., Elliott, M. A., McMinn, D., & Nelson, N. M. (2012). Predicting active school travel: The role of planned behavior and habit strength. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 1-9.
Ng, P. Y., & Phung, P. T. (2021). Public transportation in Hanoi: Applying an integrative model of behavioral intention. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 9(2), 395-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2020.10.012
Nordfjærn, T., Şimşekoğlu, Ö., & Rundmo, T. (2014). The role of deliberate planning, car habit and resistance to change in public transportation mode use. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 27, 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2014.09.010
Park, J., & Ha, S. (2014). Understanding Consumer Recycling Behavior: Combining the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Norm Activation Model. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 42(3), 278-291. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcsr.12061
Simsekoglu, Ö. (2018). Socio-demographic characteristics, psychological factors and knowledge related to electric car use: A comparison between electric and conventional car drivers. Transport Policy, 72, 180-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.03.009
Stern, P. (2000). Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behaviour. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407-424.
Wall, R. (2006). Psychological and contextual influences on travel mode choice for commuting.
Wang, Z., & Liu, W. (2015). Determinants of CO2 emissions from household daily travel in Beijing, China: Individual travel characteristic perspectives. Applied Energy, 158, 292-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.08.065
Yang, Y., Wang, C., Liu, W., & Zhou, P. (2018). Understanding the determinants of travel mode choice of residents and its carbon mitigation potential. Energy Policy, 115, 486-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.01.033
Yu, H., Wang, B., Zhang, Y.-J., Wang, S., & Wei, Y.-M. (2013). Public perception of climate change in China: results from the questionnaire survey. Natural Hazards, 69(1), 459-472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0711-1
Zailani, S., Iranmanesh, M., Masron, T. A., & Chan, T.-H. (2016). Is the intention to use public transport for different travel purposes determined by different factors? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 49, 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.08.038
環境部氣候變遷署（無日期）。氣候公民對話平臺。2023年11月6日，取自https://www.climatetalks.tw/%E6%88%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%BA%AB%E5%AE%A4%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E5%8F%8A%E6%B8%9B%E9%87%8F%E7%B8%BD%E8%A6%BD
Dawson, J. F. (n.d.). Interpreting interaction effects. Retrieved March 30, 2024, from http://www.jeremydawson.co.uk/slopes.htm