研究生: |
Edgard Ivan Garcia Torres Edgard Ivan Garcia Torres |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
Career Prospects and Job Search Intention of High-Skilled Foreign Students in Taiwan. Career Prospects and Job Search Intention of High-Skilled Foreign Students in Taiwan. |
指導教授: |
葉俶禎
Yeh, Chu-Chen |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
國際人力資源發展研究所 Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt |
論文出版年: | 2012 |
畢業學年度: | 100 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 63 |
中文關鍵詞: | Job search intention 、perceived career prospects 、awareness of Taiwan’s labor policies 、career decision making self-efficacy 、Acculturation |
英文關鍵詞: | Job search intention, perceived career prospects, awareness of Taiwan’s labor policies, career decision making self-efficacy, Acculturation |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:312 下載:25 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
The purpose of this study is to examine a number of the most important abilities foreign students need, to find employment in Taiwan and measure how much each of these abilities affect the students’ perceived possibilities to find work after graduation. Quantitative research approach was used to test the effect of acculturation, networking behavior, career decision making self-efficacy and awareness of Taiwan’s labor policies have on the perceived career prospects of foreign students in Taiwan and their job search intention after graduation.
The participants were foreign students enrolled in a degree program in Taiwan’s higher education system. A pilot test involving 47 participants was used to establish the validity of the survey questionnaire, which was the main instrument used to collect data for this research. Once the proper changes on the questionnaire were made after the pilot test, 206 participants, about 2% of the population of foreign students in Taiwan as of 2010-2011 participated in the study. Hierarchical regression was used to test the study hypotheses.
The research found that awareness of Taiwan’s labor policies and career decision making self-efficacy positively influenced foreign students’ perceived career prospects in Taiwan, while acculturation and networking behavior increased their job search intention. The effect of perceived career prospects on foreign students’ job search intention in Taiwan was also proved.
The purpose of this study is to examine a number of the most important abilities foreign students need, to find employment in Taiwan and measure how much each of these abilities affect the students’ perceived possibilities to find work after graduation. Quantitative research approach was used to test the effect of acculturation, networking behavior, career decision making self-efficacy and awareness of Taiwan’s labor policies have on the perceived career prospects of foreign students in Taiwan and their job search intention after graduation.
The participants were foreign students enrolled in a degree program in Taiwan’s higher education system. A pilot test involving 47 participants was used to establish the validity of the survey questionnaire, which was the main instrument used to collect data for this research. Once the proper changes on the questionnaire were made after the pilot test, 206 participants, about 2% of the population of foreign students in Taiwan as of 2010-2011 participated in the study. Hierarchical regression was used to test the study hypotheses.
The research found that awareness of Taiwan’s labor policies and career decision making self-efficacy positively influenced foreign students’ perceived career prospects in Taiwan, while acculturation and networking behavior increased their job search intention. The effect of perceived career prospects on foreign students’ job search intention in Taiwan was also proved.
Abrams,D.; Ando.K., & Hinkle, S. (1998). Psychological attachment to the group: Cross-cultural differences in organizational identification and subjective norm as predictors of worker’s turnover intentions. Personality and social Psychology bulletin, 24, 1027-1039.
Alfred, M.V., (2009). Networking in the workplace: Implications for women’s career development. New Directions for Adult & Continuing Education, 122(1), 3-12, doi:10.1002?ace.329.
Azjen, I., (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Kuhi & Beckmann (Eds.), Action control: From cognitions to behavior, 11-39. Heidelberg: Springer.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and Human Processes, 50, 179-211. Retrieved from http://people.umass.edu/aizen/publications.html
Azjen, I., Brown, T.C., & Carvajal, F. (2004). Explaining the discrepancy between intentions and actions: The case of hypothetical bias in contingent valuation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(9), 1108-1121.
Bagozzi, R. P. (1992). The self-regulation of attitudes, intentions, and behavior. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55, 178-204.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84 (2), 191-215.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundation of though and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44(9), 1175-1184.
Bektas, D. Y. (2004). Psychological adaptation and acculturation of the Turkish students in the United States (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Graduate school of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
Betz, N. E. & Voyten, K. K.(1997). Efficacy and outcome expectations influence career exploration and decidness. Career Development Quarterly, 46 (2), 179-189.
Betz, N. E., Klein,K. & Taylor, K. (1996). Evaluation of short form of the career decision- makingself-efficacy scale. Journal of career assessment, 4 (1), 47-57.
Berry, J. W. (1980). Acculturation as varieties of adaptation. Im A. Padilla (Eds), Acculturation: Theory, model, and new findings, (pp. 9-26). Boulder: Westview.
Berry, J.W. (1991). Understanding and managing multiculturalism. Psychology and developing societies, 3 (1), 17-49.
Berry, J. W. (1997) Immigration, acculturation and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An international review, 46 (1), 5-68.
Berry, J. W. (2003). Conceptual approaches to acculturation. In K.M. Chun P.B. Organista, & G. Marin (Eds), Acculturation: advances in theory measurement and applied research (pp. 17-37). Washington, D. C.: American Psychology Association.
Bilkey, W.J. & Nes, E. (1982). Country of origin effects on product evaluation. Journal of International Business Studies, 3 (1), 89-99.
Binsardi, A. & Ekwulugo, F. (2003). International marketing of British education: research on the student’s perception and the UK market penetration. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 21(5), 318-327.
Blusteinm, D. L. (1989). The role of goal instability and career self-efficacy in the career exploration process. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 35(2), 194-203.
54
Bullock, Y. E., Andrews, L. & Buzzetta, M. E. (2011). Explaining career decision making self- efficacy: personality cognitions and cultural mistrust. Career Development Quarterly,59 (5), 400-411.
Breznitz, D. (2007). Innovation and the state: Political choice and strategies for growth in Israel, Taiwan and Ireland. New Haven, CT: Yale University press.
Crockett,J.L., Iturbide, M.I,Stone, R.A.T., Maginley, M. & Raffaelli, M.(2007). Acculturative stress, social support and coping: Relations to psychological adjustment among Mexican American college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13(4), 347-355. Doi: 10.1037/1099-9809.13.4.347
Caberra manual OECD. (1995).Retrieved from: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/34/0/2096025.pdf
Claes, R. & Quintanilla,S.A.R.(1998) Influences of early career experiences, occupational group and national culture on proactive career behavior. Journal of vocational behavior, 52 (1), 357-378.
Carr, S. C., Inkson, K. & Thorn, K. (2005). From global careers to talent flow: Reinterpreting brain drain. Journal of world business, 40 (4), 386-398.
Chapman, D.S., Uggerslev,K.L., Carrol, S.A., Piasentin,K.A. & Jones, D. A.(2005). Applicant attraction to organizations and job choice: A meta-analytic review of the correlates of recruiting outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90 (5), 928-944.
Choi, H. (2001) Cultural marginality: a concept analysis with implications for immigrant adolescents. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatrie Nursing, 24(3), 193-206.
Conner, M. & Armitage, C.J. (1998). Extending the theory of planned behavior: A review and avenues for further research. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(15), 1429-1464.
Davis, T. & Hart,D. M. (2010). International cooperation to manage high-skill migration: The case of India-U.S. relations. Review of policy research, 27 (4), 509-526.
De Vos, A., Clippeleer,I.D. & Dewilde, T. (2009) Proactive career behaviors and career success during the early career. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82 (4), 761-777.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010), Predicting and changing behavior: the reasoned action approach. New York: Psychology Press.
Forret, M. L. & Dougherty,T.W.(2004). Networking behaviors and career outcomes: Differences for men and women? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25 (3), 419-437. Doi: 10.1002/job.253
Fang, T., Zikic, J. & Novicevic, M.M. (2009). Career success of immigrant professionals: Stock and flow of their career capital. International Journal of Manpower, 30 (5), 472-488.
Flap, H. & Boxman, E. (2000). Getting started: The influence of social capital on the start of the occupational career. In N. Lin, K. Cook & R.S. Burt (Eds), Social capital: Theory and Research (pp. 159-181). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Flores, L.Y., Ojeda,L.,Huang,Y.P.,Gee,D. & Lee,s. (2006). The relation of acculturation problem-solving appraisal and career decision making self0efficacy to Mexican- American high school student’s educational goals. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53 (2), 260-266.
Friedberg, R. M. (2000) You can’t take it with you? Immigrant assimilation and the portability of human capital. Journal of Labor Economics, 18(2), 221-251.
Gil, A. G., Vega,W.A. & Dimas,J.M.(1994).Acculturative Stress and personal adjustment among Hispanic adolescent boys. Journal of community Psychology, 22(1), 43-54.
55
Grier, R. T. L. & Skaar, N.R. (2010). An outcome study of career decision self-efficacy and indecision in an undergraduate constructivist career course. The Career Development Quarterly, 59 (1), 43-54.
Gollwitzer, P. M. (1990). Action phases and mind-sets. In E.T. Higgins & R.M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior. New York: Guildford.
Gollwitzer, P. M. (1993). Goal Achievement: the role of intentions. In W.Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology,Chichester,UK:Wiley.
Gottfredson,L. S. & Becker,H.J. ( 1981). A challenge to vocational Psychology: How important are the aspirations in determining male career development? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 18 (1), 121-137.
Guilford, J. P. (1965). Fundamental statistical in Psychology and education. New York: Mcgraw- Hill.
Hall, D. T., Moss, J. E.(1998). The new protean career contract helping organizations and employees adapt. Organizational Dynamics, 26 (3), 22-37.
Hugo, G. (2009). Best practice in temporary labor migration for development: A perspective from Asia and the pacific. International Migration, 47 (5), 23-74.
Holzer, H. J.(1996). What employers want: Job prospects for less educated workers. New York : Russell Sage Foundation.
Kang, T. L.; Su, K. J. (1999). The human resource development and management of foreign laborer in Taiwan. Paper presented at the international conference on the challenges of globalization, Thammasat University, Bankok,Thailand.
Kelly, K. R., Gunsalus, A. J.C. & Gunsalus, R. (2009). Social cognitive predictors of the career goals of Korean American Students. The career development Quarterly, 58 (1), 12-28.
Krueger, A. & Lindahl, M. (2001). Education for growth: Why and for whom? Journal of economic literature, 39 (4), 1101-1136.
Lin, H. F. (2010)Applicability of the extended theory of planned behavior in predicting job seekers intentions to use job-search websites. International journal of selection and assessment, 18 (1), 64-74.
Liu, X. Y. (2009). Examining the impact of international graduate student’s acculturation experiences on their career decision making self-efficacy. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/Liu_uncg_0154D_10111.pdf
Lai, D, Tian, Y.& Meng, D. (2011). Differences between the employment of higher education students from the cities and the countryside and the fairness of higher education. Chinese education & society, 44(1), 3-26. doi: 10.2753/CED1061-1932440101.
Lambert, T. A., Eby, L.T. & Reeves, M.P. (2006) Predictors of networking intensity and networking quality among white-collars\ job seekers. Journal of career development, 32 (4), 351-365. doi: 10.1177/0894845305282767
Lee,L.Y. & Suyoco,B.M.(2008). The mediating effect of expatriate adjustment and operational capability on the success of expatriation. Social behavior and personality, 36 (9),1191- 1204.
Lent,R.W., Brown, S. D. & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a Unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice and performance. Journal of vocational Behavior, 45 (1), 79-122.
56
Lindberg, M.E. (2009). Student and early career mobility patterns among highly educated people in Germany, Finland, Italy and the United Kingdom. High Education, 58(3), 339-358. doi: 10.1007/s10734-009-9198-9.
Logue,C.H. (1993). Outplace yourself: Secrets of an executive outplacement counselor. Holbrook,MA:Adams Publishing.
Lowell, B.L.(2005). Policies and regulations for managing skilled international migration for work. United states expert group meeting on international migration and development, New York.
Lowell, L. & Batalova, J. (2005). International migration of highly skilled workers: Methodological and public policy issues. Paper presented at the Population Association of America annual poster session 3, U.S.A.
Ministry of Education,( 2010). International students in tertiary-by nationality,field & gender. Reetrieved from: http:// http://english.moe.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=9874&CtNode=404&mp=1
Mendenhall, M. & Oddou, G. (1985). The dimensions of expatriate acculturation: A review. The Academy of Management review, 10(1), 39-47.
Masikiewicz,M. (1998). How to build a network. Career world, 26 (7),18-20.
Marra, R. M., Rodgers,K.A.,Demei,S. & Bogue,B. (2009). Women engineering students and self-efficacy:A multi-year,multi-institution study of women engineering student self- efficacy. Journal of Engineering education, 98(1),27-38.
Mok,K.H.(2010). Emerging regulatory regiolianism in university governance: A comparative study of China and Taiwan. Globalization, Societies & Education,8(1),87-103.
Nasta,A.K.(2007). Influence of career self-efficacy beliefs on career exploration behaviors. (Master thesis).Department of Psychology, State University of New York, New York.
Nekby,L.,Rodin, M. (2007). Acculturation identity and labor market outcomes. IZA Discussion paper No2826, Institute for the study of labor, Bonn, Germany.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd Ed.). New York:Mcgraw-Hill.
NZ Herald (2000, March 21st ). Second report slams lack of help for skilled immigrants.NZ Herald. Retrieved from http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=126271
OECD (2002). International mobility of the highly skilled. Retrieved from: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/9/20/1950028.pdf
Peng, Z., Lawley, M. & Perry, C. (2000). Modeling and testing effects of country, corporate and brand images on consumer’s product evaluation and purchase intention. Paper presented at the ANZMAC 2000 Visionary marketing for the 21st century: Facing the challenges conference, Goald coast, Queensland, Australia
Qureshi, S. (1995). College accession research: New variables in an old equation. Journal of Professional Services Marketing,12 (2),163-170.
Rogers, M.E.,Creed,P.A.,Glendon, A.I. (2008). The role of personality in adolescent career planning and exploration: A social cognitive perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73 (1), 132-142.
Saks, A. (2006). Multiple predictors and criteria of job search success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68 (3), 400-415.
Sangganjanavanich, V. F., Lenz,A.S., Cavazos,J.J. (2011). International student’s employment search in the United States: a phenomenological study. Journal of employment counseling, 48 (1), 17.
57
Singer, M. S. (1993). Starting a career: An intercultural choice among overseas asian students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 17 (1), 73-88.
Smith, S. M. (2002). The role of social cognitive career theory in information technology based academic performance. Information technology, Learning and Performance Journal, 20 (2), 1-10.
Spencer, R. J. (2000). The vocational situation and country of orientation of international students. Journal of Multicultural counseling & development, 28 (1), 32-49.
Stacy, M. E. W.(2003). Influence of selected demographic variables on the career decision making self-efficacy of college seniors (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-0405103-105145/unrestricted/Stacy_dis.pdf
Straubhaar, T. (2000). International mobility of the highly skilled: Brain gain, brain drain or brain exchange. Hamburg institute of international economics, discussion paper number 26296, Hamburg, Germany.
Shumilova, Y, & Cai, Y. (2011). Towards understanding the factors affecting the employability of international graduates: the case of Finland. International Conference on Employability of Graduates & Higher Education Management Systems, Vienna.
General Ethnicity questionnaire (2011).Retrieved from: http://www.psych.standford.edu/~tsailab/GEQ.htm.
Stahl, G. S., Miller, E.L. & Tung, R.L. (2002). Toward a boundaryless career: A closer look at expatriate career concept and the implications of an international assignment. Journal of world business, 37 (3), 216-227.
Stiwne, E. E. & Jungert, T. (2010). Engineering student’s experiences of transition from study to work. Journal of education and Work, 23 (5), 417-437.
Taylor, K. M., & Betz, N. E. (1983) Application of Self-Efficacy Theory to the Understanding and treatment of career indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 22 (1), 63-81.
Tsai, J. L., Ying, Y. & Lee, P. A. (2000). The Meaning of “ being Chinese” and “being American”: Variation among Chinese American young adults. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychological, 31 (3), 302-322.
Tsai, J. L., Ying, Y. W. & Lee, P. A. (2001). Cultural Predictors of self-esteem: A study of Chinese American female and male young adults. Cultural diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 7 (3), 284-297.
Torres,E.I.G. & Yeh,R.C.(2011). Career Prospects of High-Skilled foreign students in Taiwan. Conference of International Human resources and Development, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan.
Tharmaseelan, N. (2005) Career in cross-cultural context: A study of Sri Lankan immigrants in New Zeland. ( Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from: http://mro.massey.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10179/1189/02_whole.pdf?sequence=1.
Thomas, S. B. & Dykes, F. (2011). Promoting successful transitions: What we can learn from RTI to enhance outcomes for all students. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 55 (1), 1-9. doi: 10.1080/10459880903217978.
Villar, E. & Albertin, P. (2010). It is who knows you. The positions of university students regarding intentional investment in social capital. Studies in Higher Education, 35 (2), 137-154.
Van Hooft, E. A. J. & De Jong, M. (2009). Predicting job seeking for temporary employment using theory of planned behavior: the moderating role of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82 (2), 295-316.
58
Van Hooft, E. A. J., Born, M. Ph., Taris, T. W., Flier, H. V. D. (2006). The cross-cultural generalizability of the theory of planned behavior: A study on Job seeking in the Netherlands. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(2), 127-135. doi: 10.1177/0022022105284491.
Van Hoye, G., Van Hooft, E. A. J., Lievens, F. (2009). Networking as a job search behavior: A social network perspective. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 82 (3), 661-682.
Wang,I. M.(2008). The relations between expatriate management and the mentality and the adjustment of expatriates, social Behavior and Personality, 36 (7), 865-882.
White, D.W., Absher, R. K. & Huggins K. A. (2011). The Effects of hardiness and cultural distance on sociocultural adaptation in an expatriate sales manager population. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 31 (3), 325-337. doi: 10.2753/pss0885- 3134310309.
Williams, C. L. & Berry J.W. (1991). Primary prevention of acculturative stress among refugees: application of psychological theory and practice. American Psychologist, 46 (6), 632-641.
Wiers-Jenssen, J. Try, S. (2005). Labor market outcomes of higher education undertaken abroad. Studies in Higher education, 30 (6), 681-705.
Yang, E, & Gysberg, N.C. (2007) Career transitions of college seniors. The Career Development Quarterly, 56 (2), 157-170.
Yang, K.J., Chen, S. H. & Fan, S.I. (2010). Social Psychological factors affecting the employment of graduate students in Taiwan. Social Behavior and personality, 38 (9), 1259-1268.
Zigurasa, C. & Law, S.F. (2006). Recruiting international students as skilled migrants: the global abilities race as viewed from Australia and Malaysia. Globalization Societies and Education, 4 (1), 59 -76.