簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 黃沛縈
Huang, Pei-Ying
論文名稱: 探討Lunasin在肥胖微環境下對RAW264.7細胞與EL-4 T細胞免疫反應之影響
The effects of Lunasin on immune responses of RAW264.7 and EL-4 T cells in the obese microenvironment
指導教授: 謝佳倩
Hsieh, Chia-Chien
口試委員: 林璧鳳 吳文勉 謝佳倩
口試日期: 2021/07/15
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 營養科學碩士學位學程
Graduate Program of Nutrition Science
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 113
中文關鍵詞: 肥胖Lunasin巨噬細胞T細胞細胞激素
英文關鍵詞: Obesity, Lunasin, Macrophages, T cells, Cytokines
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101233
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:182下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 第一章 研究動機與假說 1 第二章 文獻探討 2 第一節 免疫系統 2 一、 先天性免疫反應 2 (一) 先天性免疫簡介 2 (二) 先天性免疫相關細胞 3 1. 單核球與巨噬細胞 3 2. 樹突細胞 4 二、 後天性免疫反應 4 (一) 後天性免疫簡介 4 (二) 後天性免疫相關細胞 5 1. T細胞 5 2. B細胞 6 三、 發炎反應 6 第二節 肥胖 8 一、流行病學調查 8 二、肥胖生理意義 8 三、肥胖與免疫 9 (一) 肥胖狀態下的發炎反應 9 (二) 肥胖與免疫細胞 10 1.巨噬細胞 10 2. T細胞 11 (三)肥胖與細胞激素 12 1. Leptin 12 2. Adiponectin 12 3. PAI-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) 13 4. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) 14 5. IL-6和 TNF-α 14 6. MCP-1 15 7. IL-1β 16 8. IL-2和IL-4 16 第三節 肥胖與代謝疾病 17 第四節 天然食物成分對免疫系統之調節 17 第五節 Lunasin 20 一、 Lunasin簡介 20 二、 Lunasin的消化吸收 20 三、 Lunasin的生理功能 20 (一) 抗氧化 20 (二) 抗發炎、免疫調節 21 (三) 抗癌 22 (四) 心血管保護作用 23 第三章 實驗設計 24 第一節 研究架構 25 第四章 實驗材料與方法 26 第一節 實驗材料 26 一、 實驗儀器設備 26 二、 拋棄式無菌耗材 26 第二節 實驗方法 27 一、 細胞培養 27 (一) RAW264.7巨噬細胞株培養 27 (二) RAW264.7巨噬細胞MTT細胞存活率測定 28 (三) 3T3-L1小鼠纖維母細胞培養 28 (四) 3T3-L1小鼠纖維母細胞分化為脂肪細胞 29 (五) EL-4 T細胞培養 30 二、 建立肥胖之體外發炎模式 31 (一) LPS誘發RAW264.7巨噬細胞之發炎模式 31 (二) Ad-CM誘發RAW264.7巨噬細胞之發炎模式 31 (三) TNF-α誘發3T3-L1脂肪細胞之發炎模式 31 三、 Lunasin處理對3T3-L1各分化階段上清液的發炎激素濃度之影響 31 (一) 細胞激素分析:酵素連結免疫吸附分析 (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) 31 四、Lunasin處理對肥胖微環境下巨噬細胞發炎反應、遷移及其表型極化之影響 34 (一) 細胞激素分析:ELISA 34 (二) 遷移試驗 (Migration assay) 35 (三) 基因表現量測定:逆轉錄聚合酶鏈式反應 (Reverse Transcriptase PCR, RT-PCR or qPCR) 37 五、Lunasin處理對肥胖微環境下巨噬細胞氧化壓力之影響 40 (一) 氧化壓力試驗 40 (二) 細胞活性測定 41 六、Lunasin處理對肥胖微環境下巨噬細胞吞噬功能之影響 41 (一) 吞噬活性試驗 (phagocytosis assay) 41 (二) 胞飲活性試驗 (pinocytosis assay,中性紅試驗) 42 七、Lunasin處理對EL-4 T細胞與3T3-L1脂肪細胞共培養細胞激素之影響 43 第五章 實驗結果 45 第一節 Lunasin處理對3T3-L1分化期間細胞激素分泌之影響 45 第二節 Lunasin處理對肥胖微環境下巨噬細胞發炎反應、遷移及其表型極化之影響 48 一、 Lunasin處理對RAW264.7細胞存活率的影響 48 二、 Lunasin處理對肥胖微環境下RAW264.7巨噬細胞其細胞激素分泌之影響 49 三、 Lunasin處理對肥胖微環境下RAW264.7巨噬細胞之遷移能力的影響 51 四、 Lunasin處理對肥胖模式下RAW264.7巨噬細胞其表型極化之影響 52 第三節 Lunasin處理對肥胖模式下RAW264.7巨噬細胞氧化壓力之影響 56 一、Lunasin處理對肥胖模式下RAW264.7巨噬細胞ROS (H2O2)生成之影響 56 二、 Lunasin處理對肥胖模式下RAW264.7巨噬細胞細胞活性之影響 57 第四節 Lunasin處理對肥胖模式下巨噬細胞吞噬功能之影響 62 一、胞吞試驗 62 二、胞飲試驗 64 第五節Lunasin處理對EL-4 T細胞與3T3-L1脂肪細胞共培養其細胞激素之影響 66 第六章 討論 72 第一節 Lunasin處理對3T3-L1分化期間細胞激素之影響 72 第二節 Lunasin處理對肥胖模式下RAW264.7巨噬細胞發炎反應、遷移能力及其表型極化之影響 72 第三節 Lunasin處理對肥胖模式下RAW264.7巨噬細胞氧化壓力之影響 74 第四節 Lunasin處理對肥胖模式下RAW264.7巨噬細胞吞噬功能之影響 74 第五節Lunasin處理對EL-4 T細胞與3T3-L1脂肪細胞共培養細胞激素之影響 75 第七章 結論 77 附錄 78 參考文獻 86

    王妍方。(2019)探討體外與體內lunasin處理對免疫細胞與C57BL/6肥胖小鼠免
    疫反應之影響。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
    周美佳。(2016)探討種子胜肽Lunasin對於肥胖引起的發炎模式之免疫調節作
    用。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
    彭詩涵。(2018)種子胜肽Lunasin對肥胖因子影響雌激素依賴型與非依賴型人類
    乳癌細胞生長之探討。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
    衛生福利部.響應世界肥胖日 控制體位 預防肥胖併發症上身. Retrieved from
    https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-16-37751-1.html
    衛生福利部國民健康署健康九九網站.健康BMI,報厚你災.Retrieved from
    https://health99.hpa.gov.tw/educZone/edu_detail.aspx?CatId=12428
    Abbas, A. K., Murphy, K. M., & Sher, A. (1996). Functional diversity of helper T
    lymphocytes. Nature, 383(6603), 787–793.
    Abbas, A.K., &Lichtman, A.H.(2009).Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of
    the Immune System(3rd ed.)Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier
    Agrawal H, Joshi R, Gupta M. (2016). Isolation, purification and characterization of
    antioxidative peptide of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) protein hydrolysate. Food Chem. 2016;204:365–72.
    Agrawal H, Joshi R, Gupta M. (2017). Isolation and characterisation of enzymatic
    hydrolysed peptides with antioxidant activities from green tender sorghum. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2017;84:608–16.
    Aguirre, V., Uchida, T., Yenush, L., Davis, R., & White, M. F. (2000). The c-Jun NH(2)-
    terminal kinase promotes insulin resistance during association with insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphorylation of Ser(307). The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275(12), 9047–9054.
    Ahn CB, Je JY, Cho YS (2012a). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory peptide fraction
    from salmon byproduct protein hydrolysates by peptic hydrolysis. Food Res Int 49:92–98
    Ahn CB, Je JY, Cho YS (2012a). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory peptide fraction
    from salmon byproduct protein hydrolysates by peptic hydrolysis. Food Res Int 49:92–98
    Ahn CB, Jeon YJ, Kim YT, Je JY (2012b). Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE)
    inhibitory peptides from salmon byproduct protein hydrolysate by Alcalase hydrolysis. Process Biochem 47:2240–2245
    Ahn CB, Kim JG, Je JY (2014). Purification and antioxidant properties of octapeptide
    from salmon byproduct protein hydrolysate by gastrointestinal digestion. Food Chem 147:78–83
    Allavena, P., Garlanda, C., Borrello, M. G., Sica, A., & Mantovani, A. (2008). Pathways
    connecting inflammation and cancer. Current opinion in genetics & development, 18(1), 3–10.
    Arita, Y. et al. (1999). Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 257(1), 79–83.
    Babini E, Tagliazucchi D, Martini S, Dei Più L, Gianotti A. (2017). LCESI-QTOF-MS
    identification of novel antioxidant peptides obtained by enzymatic and microbial hydrolysis of vegetable proteins. Food Chem. 2017;228:186–96.
    Bagci, S., et al. (2008). Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent neonatal epileptic encephalopathy. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 93(2), F151–F152.
    Balan, S., Saxena, M., & Bhardwaj, N. (2019). Dendritic cell subsets and locations.
    International review of cell and molecular biology, 348, 1–68.
    Bansal, S., & Chhibber, S. (2010). Curcumin alone and in combination with augmentin protects against pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury generated during Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-induced lung infection in BALB/c mice. Journal of medical microbiology, 59(Pt 4), 429–437.
    Barton, G. M., & Medzhitov, R. (2002). Control of adaptive immune responses by Toll-like receptors. Current opinion in immunology, 14(3), 380–383.
    Bassols J, Moreno JM, Ortega F, Ricart W, Fernandez-Real JM. (2010).
    Characterization of herpes virus entry mediator as a factor linked to obesity. Obes (Silver Spring) (2010) 18:239–46.
    Basurto, L., Sánchez, L., Díaz, A., Valle, M., Robledo, A., & Martínez-Murillo, C.
    (2019). Differences between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity in PAI-1 level: Fibrinolysis, body size phenotypes and metabolism. Thrombosis Research, 180, 110–114.
    Bettelli, E., et al. (2006). Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of
    pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells. Nature, 441(7090), 235–238.
    Brignall, R., et al. (2017). Integration of Kinase and Calcium Signaling at the Level of
    Chromatin Underlies Inducible Gene Activation in T Cells. Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 199(8), 2652–2667.
    Buelna-Chontal, M., & Zazueta, C. (2013). Redox activation of Nrf2 & NF-κB: a
    double end sword?. Cellular signalling, 25(12), 2548–2557.
    Cai L, Wu X, Zhang Y, Li X, Ma S, Li J (2015). Purification and characterization of
    three antioxidant peptides from protein hydrolysate of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) skin. J Funct Foods 16:234–242
    Calder, P. C. et al. (2009). Inflammatory disease processes and interactions with
    nutrition. The British journal of nutrition, 101 Suppl 1, S1–S45.
    Calder, P. C. et al. (2011). Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to
    overweight and obesity. The British journal of nutrition, 106 Suppl 3, S5–S78.
    Calder, P. C. et al. (2013). A consideration of biomarkers to be used for evaluation of inflammation in human nutritional studies. The British journal of nutrition, 109 Suppl 1, S1–S34.
    Cam, A., Sivaguru, M., & Gonzalez de Mejia, E. (2013). Endocytic mechanism of internalization of dietary peptide lunasin into macrophages in inflammatory condition associated with cardiovascular disease. PLoS ONE, 8(9), e72115.
    Cantrell, D. A., & Smith, K. A. (1983). Transient expression of interleukin 2 receptors.
    Consequences for T cell growth. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 158(6), 1895–1911.
    Capriotti AL et al. (2015). Identification of potential bioactive peptides generated by simulated gastrointestinal digestion of soybean seeds and soy milk proteins. J Food Compos Anal. 2015;44:205–13.
    Ceriello, A., & Motz, E. (2004). Is oxidative stress the pathogenic mechanism underlying insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease? The common soil hypothesis revisited. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 24(5), 816–823.
    Chang et al. (2014). Soypeptide lunasin in cytokine immunotherapy for lymphoma.
    Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 63(3), 283–295.
    Chatterjee, C., Gleddie, S., & Xiao, C. W. (2018). Soybean bioactive peptides and their functional properties. Nutrients, 10(9), 1211.
    Chatzigeorgiou A, Chung KJ, Garcia-Martin R, Alexaki VI, Klotzsche-vonAmeln A,
    Phieler J, et al. (2014). Dual role of B7 costimulation in obesity-related nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and metabolic dysregulation. Hepatology (2014) 60:1196–210.
    Chawla, A., Nguyen, K. D., & Goh, Y. P. (2011). Macrophage-mediated inflammation in metabolic disease. Nature reviews. Immunology, 11(11), 738–749.
    Chen J-R, Yang S-C, Suetsuna K, Chao JCJ. (2004). Soybean protein-derived hydrolysate affects blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Food Biochemistry. 28(1):61–73.
    Chen, A., et al. (2005). Diet induction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and its impact on obesity. Obesity Research, 13(8), 1311–1320.
    Chen, G. et al. (2019). Lycopene Alleviates Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by Regulating M1/M2 Status of Macrophages. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 63(21), e1900602.
    Cheng, X., Folco, E. J., Shimizu, K., & Libby, P. (2012). Adiponectin induces pro-
    inflammatory programs in human macrophages and CD4+ T cells. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287(44), 36896–36904.
    Chi CF, Wang B, Hu FY, Wang YM, Zhang B, Deng SG, Wu CW. (2015a). Purification
    and identification of three novel antioxidant peptides from protein hydrolysate of bluefin leatherjacket (Navodon septentrionalis) skin. Food Res Int 73:124–129
    Chi CF, Wang B, Wang YM, Zhang B, Deng SG (2015b) Isolation and characterization of three antioxidant peptides from protein hydrolysate of bluefin leatherjacket (Navodon septentrionalis) heads. J Funct Foods 12:1–10
    Christen, U., & von Herrath, M. G. (2004). Manipulating the type 1 vs type 2 balance in type 1 diabetes. Immunologic research, 30(3), 309–325.
    Chudzik-Kozłowska, J., Wasilewska, E., & Złotkowska, D. (2020). Evaluation of
    Immunoreactivity of Pea (Pisum sativum) Albumins in BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 68(13), 3891–3902.
    Conde, J. et al. (2011). Adipokines: biofactors from white adipose tissue. A complex
    hub among inflammation, metabolism, and immunity. BioFactors (Oxford, England), 37(6), 413–420.
    Creagh, E. M., & Cotter, T. G. (1999). Selective protection by hsp 70 against cytotoxic drug-, but not Fas-induced T-cell apoptosis. Immunology, 97(1), 36–44.
    Crotty S. (2014). T follicular helper cell differentiation, function, and roles in disease.
    Immunity, 41(4), 529–542.
    Czarnowicki, T. et al. (2015). Severe atopic dermatitis is characterized by selective
    expansion of circulating TH2/TC2 and TH22/TC22, but not TH17/TC17, cells within the skin-homing T-cell population. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 136(1), 104–115.e7.
    Dalmas E. (2019). Role of innate immune cells in metabolism: from physiology to type 2 diabetes. Seminars in immunopathology, 41(4), 531–545.
    De Mejia, E. G., & Dia, V. P. (2009). Lunasin and lunasin-like peptides inhibit
    inflammation through suppression of NF-kappaB pathway in the macrophage. Peptides, 30(12), 2388–2398.
    De Rosa, V., Procaccini, C., Calì, G., Pirozzi, G., Fontana, S., Zappacosta, S., La Cava,
    A., & Matarese, G. (2007). A key role of leptin in the control of regulatory T cell proliferation. Immunity, 26(2), 241–255.
    Deng, T. et al. (2013). Class II major histocompatibility complex plays an essential role in obesity-induced adipose inflammation. Cell Metabolism, 17(3), 411–422.
    Deng, T., Lyon, C. J., Bergin, S., Caligiuri, M. A., & Hsueh, W. A. (2016). Obesity,
    Inflammation, and Cancer. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, 11(1), 421–449.
    Dia et al. (2009). Isolation, purification and characterisation of lunasin from defatted soybean flour and in vitro evaluation of its anti-inflammatory activity. Food chemistry, 114(1), 108-115.
    Dia, V. P., & de Mejia, E. G. (2011). Differential gene expression of RAW 264.7
    macrophages in response to the RGD peptide lunasin with and without lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Peptides, 32(10), 1979–1988
    Dia, V. P., Bringe, N. A., & de Mejia, E. G. (2014). Peptides in pepsin-pancreatin
    hydrolysates from commercially available soy products that inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophages. Food chemistry, 152, 423–431.
    Dickinson, D. A., & Forman, H. J. (2002). Cellular glutathione and thiols metabolism.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 64(5-6), 1019–1026.
    Diehl, S., Anguita, J., Hoffmeyer, A., Zapton, T., Ihle, J. N., Fikrig, E., & Rincón, M.
    (2000). Inhibition of Th1 differentiation by IL-6 is mediated by SOCS1. Immunity, 13(6), 805–815.
    Dinstel, R. R., Cascio, J., & Koukel, S. (2013). The antioxidant level of Alaska's wild
    berries: high, higher and highest. International journal of circumpolar health, 72, 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21188.
    Doherty, T. M., Kastelein, R., Menon, S., Andrade, S., & Coffman, R. L. (1993).
    Modulation of murine macrophage function by IL-13. Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 151(12), 7151–7160.
    Donath, M. Y., & Shoelson, S. E. (2011). Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease.
    Nature reviews. Immunology, 11(2), 98–107.
    Draganidis, D. et al. (2016). Inflammaging and Skeletal Muscle: Can Protein Intake
    Make a Difference? The Journal of nutrition, 146(10), 1940–1952.
    Drori, A., Rotnemer-Golinkin, D., Zolotarov, L., & Ilan, Y. (2017). Oral administration
    of cardioAid and lunasin alleviates liver damage in a high-fat diet nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model. Digestion, 96(2), 110–118.
    Elgazar-Carmon, V., Rudich, A., Hadad, N., & Levy, R. (2008). Neutrophils transiently
    infiltrate intra-abdominal fat early in the course of high-fat feeding. Journal of Lipid Research, 49(9), 1894–1903.
    Ennaas N, Hammami R, Beaulieu L, Fliss I (2015). Purification and characterization of four antibacterial peptides fromprotamex hydrolysate of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) by-products. Biochem Bioph Res Co 462:195–200
    Esser, N., Legrand-Poels, S., Piette, J., Scheen, A. J., & Paquot, N. (2014).Inflammation as a link between obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 105(2), 141–150.
    Fantuzzi G. (2005). Adipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation. The Journal of
    Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 115(5), 911–920.
    Fearon, D. T., & Locksley, R. M. (1996). The instructive role of innate immunity in the
    acquired immune response. Science (New York, N.Y.), 272(5258), 50–53.
    Fernández-Tomé S, Blanca Hernández-Ledesma, Isabel Cordero-Herrera, et al. (2014).
    In vitro chemo-protective effect of bioactive peptide lunasin against oxidative stress in human HepG2 cells. Food Research International (Ottawa, Ont.). 2014 Aug;62:793-800.
    Ferrara, N., Gerber, H. P., & LeCouter, J. (2003). The biology of VEGF and its
    receptors. Nature Medicine, 9(6), 669–676.
    Food and Drug Administration (FDA), FDA Talk Paper, US Department of Health and
    Human Services, 26 October 1999. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1999).
    Frederich, R. C., Hamann, A., Anderson, S., Löllmann, B., Lowell, B. B., & Flier, J. S.
    (1995). Leptin levels reflect body lipid content in mice: evidence for diet-induced resistance to leptin action. Nature Medicine, 1(12), 1311–1314.
    Fu, Y., Luo, N., Klein, R. L., & Garvey, W. T. (2005). Adiponectin promotes adipocyte
    differentiation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid accumulation. Journal of Lipid Research, 46(7), 1369–1379.
    Fujimoto, M. et al. (2011). The influence of excessive IL-6 production in vivo on the
    development and function of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 186(1), 32–40.
    Furness, J. B., Kunze, W. A., & Clerc, N. (1999). Nutrient tasting and signaling
    mechanisms in the gut. II. The intestine as a sensory organ: neural, endocrine, and immune responses. The American journal of physiology, 277(5), G922–G928.
    Furukawa, S. et al. (2004). Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on
    metabolic syndrome. The Journal of clinical investigation, 114(12), 1752–1761.
    Gabay, C., Dreyer, M., Pellegrinelli, N., Chicheportiche, R., & Meier, C. A. (2001).
    Leptin directly induces the secretion of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in human monocytes. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86(2), 783–791.
    Galvez AF, Huang L, Magbanua MMJ, Dawson K and Rodriguez RL, (2011).
    Differential expression of thrombospondin (THBS1) in tumorigenic and nontumorigenic prostate epithelial cells in response to a chromatin-binding soy peptide. Nutr Cancer 63:623–636.
    Galvez AF. (2012). Identification of lunasin as the active component in soy protein
    responsible for reducing LDL cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 126
    Galvez, A. F., & de Lumen, B. O. (1999). A soybean cDNA encoding a chromatin-
    binding peptide inhibits mitosis of mammalian cells. Nature biotechnology, 17(5), 495–500.
    Galvez, A. F., Chen, N., Macasieb, J., & de Lumen, B. O. (2001). Chemopreventive
    property of a soybean peptide (lunasin) that binds to deacetylated histones and inhibits acetylation. Cancer research, 61(20), 7473–7478.
    Galvez, A., Matel, H.D., Ivey, J., & Bowles, D. (2013). Lunasin-Enriched Soy Extract
    ( LunaRich X TM ) , in Combination with the Dietary Supplement Reliv Now , Reduces Free Fatty Acid by Increasing Plasma Leptin and Adiponectin Levels in LDL-Receptor Mutant Pigs.
    Gao, Z., Hwang, D., Bataille, F., Lefevre, M., York, D., Quon, M. J., & Ye, J. (2002).
    Serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 by inhibitor kappa B kinase complex. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277(50), 48115–48121.
    García-Tejedor, A., Sánchez‐Rivera, L., Castelló‐Ruiz, M., Recio, I., Salom,J. B., &
    Manzanares, P. (2014). Novel Antihypertensive Lactoferrin‐Derived Peptides Produced by Kluyveromyces marxianus Gastrointestinal Stability Profile and In Vivo Angiotensin I‐Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62(7), 1609–1616.
    Ghanbari, R., & Ebrahimpour, A. (2017). Separation and identificationof bromelain‐
    generated antibacterial peptides from Actinopyga lecanora. Food Science and Biotechnology, 27(2), 591–598.
    Ghosh, S., May, M. J., & Kopp, E. B. (1998). NF-kappa B and Rel proteins:
    evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses. Annual review of immunology, 16, 225–260.
    Gillis, S., Baker, P. E., Ruscetti, F. W., & Smith, K. A. (1978). Long-term culture of
    human antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell lines. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 148(4), 1093–1098.
    Gu, L. et al. (2019). Lunasin attenuates oxidant-induced endothelial injury and inhibits atherosclerotic plaque progression in ApoE-/- mice by up-regulating heme oxygenase-1 via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/ARE pathway. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 33(4), 4836–4850.
    Guimarães, M. R.et al.(2013). Curcumin abrogates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory
    cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Evidence for novel mechanisms involving SOCS-1, -3 and p38 MAPK. Archives of oral biology, 58(10), 1309–1317.
    Hadad, N., et al. (2013). Induction of cytosolic phospholipase a2α is required for
    adipose neutrophil infiltration and hepatic insulin resistance early in the course of high-fat feeding. Diabetes, 62(9), 3053–3063.
    Halliwell B. (2006). Reactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life. Plant physiology, 141(2), 312–322.
    Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.C. (2007) Free radicals in biology and medicine. 4th
    Edition, Oxford University Press, New York.
    Hampton, M. B., & Orrenius, S. (1997). Dual regulation of caspase activity by
    hydrogen peroxide: implications for apoptosis. FEBS letters, 414(3), 552–556.
    Hao, Y., Fan, X., Guo, H., Yao, Y., Ren, G., Lv, X., & Yang, X. (2020). Overexpression
    of the bioactive lunasin peptide in soybean and evaluation of its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities in vitro. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 129(4), 395–404.
    Hernández-Ledesma, B., Hsieh, C. C., & de Lumen, B. O. (2013). Chemopreventive
    properties of Peptide Lunasin: a review. Protein and peptide letters, 20(4), 424–432.
    Hernández-Ledesma, B., Hsieh, C.-C., & de Lumen, B. O. (2009). Lunasin, a novel
    seed peptide for cancer prevention. Peptides, 30(2), 426–430.
    Hershko, A. Y., Suzuki, R., Charles, N., Alvarez-Errico, D., Sargent, J. L., Laurence, A.,
    & Rivera, J. (2011). Mast cell interleukin-2 production contributes to suppression of chronic allergic dermatitis. Immunity, 35(4), 562–571.
    Himaya SWA, Ngo DH, Ryu B, Kim SK (2012) An active peptide purified from
    gastrointestinal enzyme hydrolysate of Pacific cod skin gelatin attenuates angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) activity and cellular oxidative stress. Food Chem 132:1872–1882
    Hirahara, K., & Nakayama, T. (2016). CD4+ T-cell subsets in inflammatory diseases:
    beyond the Th1/Th2 paradigm. International immunology, 28(4), 163–171.
    Hopkins, T. A., Ouchi, N., Shibata, R., & Walsh, K. (2007). Adiponectin actions in the
    cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular research, 74(1), 11–18.
    Hotamisligil G. S. (2006). Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature, 444(7121),
    860–867.
    Hsieh, C. C., Chou, M. J., & Wang, C. H. (2017). Lunasin attenuates obesity-related
    inflammation in RAW264.7 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production. PloS one, 12(2), e0171969.
    Hsieh, C. C., Wang, Y. F., Lin, P. Y., Peng, S. H., & Chou, M. J. (2021). Seed peptide
    lunasin ameliorates obesity-induced inflammation and regulates immune responses in C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat diet. Food and Chemical Toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 147, 111908.
    Hu et al. (2021). The binding of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside to vascular endothelial
    growth factor potentiates anti-inflammatory efficiencies in lipopolysaccharide-treated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 80, 153400.
    Huh, J. Y., et al. (2013). A novel function of adipocytes in lipid antigen presentation to iNKT cells. Molecular and cellular biology, 33(2), 328–339.
    Hung CC, Yang YH, Kuo PF, Hsu KC (2014) Protein hydrolysates from tuna cooking
    juice inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. J Funct Foods 11:563–570
    Iikuni, N., Lam, Q. L., Lu, L., Matarese, G., & La Cava, A. (2008). Leptin and
    Inflammation. Current Immunology Reviews, 4(2), 70–79.
    Intarasirisawat et al. (2013) Intarasirisawat R, Benjakul S,Wu J, VisessanguanW(2013)
    Isolation of antioxidative and ACE inhibitory peptides from protein hydrolysate of skipjack (Katsuwana pelamis) roe. J Funct Foods 5:1854–1862
    Ivanov, S., Merlin, J., Lee, M., Murphy, A. J., & Guinamard, R. R. (2018). Biology and
    function of adipose tissue macrophages, dendritic cells aYannd B cells. Atherosclerosis, 271, 102–110.
    Janeway C. A., Jr (1989). Approaching the asymptote? Evolution and revolution in
    immunology. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 54 Pt 1, 1–13.
    Janeway, C. A., Jr, & Medzhitov, R. (2002). Innate immune recognition. Annual review of immunology, 20, 197–216.
    Jenkins, S. J.et al.(2011). Local macrophage proliferation, rather than recruitment from the blood, is a signature of TH2 inflammation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 332(6035), 1284–1288.
    Jeong, J. B., De Lumen, B. O., & Jeong, H. J. (2010). Lunasin peptide purified from
    Solanum nigrum L. protects DNA from oxidative damage by suppressing the generation of hydroxyl radical via blocking fenton reaction. Cancer letters, 293(1), 58–64.
    Jiao, P., Chen, Q., Shah, S., Du, J., Tao, B., Tzameli, I., Yan, W., & Xu, H. (2009).
    Obesity-related upregulation of monocyte chemotactic factors in adipocytes: involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathways. Diabetes, 58(1), 104–115.
    Johnson, A. R., Milner, J. J., & Makowski, L. (2012). The inflammation highway:
    metabolism accelerates inflammatory traffic in obesity. Immunological Reviews, 249(1), 218–238.
    Josefowicz, S. Z., Lu, L. F., & Rudensky, A. Y. (2012). Regulatory T cells: mechanisms
    of differentiation and function. Annual review of immunology, 30, 531–564.
    Joshi, I., & Nazeer, R. A. (2020). EGLLGDVF: A novel peptide from green mussel
    perna viridis foot exerts stability and anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 Cells. Protein and peptide letters, 27(9), 851–859.
    Kanda, H., et al. (2006). MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose
    tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 116(6), 1494–1505.
    Kanneganti, T. D., & Dixit, V. D. (2012). Immunological complications of obesity.
    Nature immunology, 13(8), 707–712.
    Keophiphath, M., Rouault, C., Divoux, A., Clément, K., & Lacasa, D. (2010). CCL5
    promotes macrophage recruitment and survival in human adipose tissue. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular biology, 30(1), 39–45.
    Khan, N., Afaq, F., & Mukhtar, H. (2008). Cancer chemoprevention through dietary
    antioxidants: progress and promise. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 10(3), 475–510.
    Kim HM, Jeong CS, Choi HS, Kawada T, Yu R. (2011) LIGHT/TNFSF14 enhances
    adipose tissue inflammatory responses through its interaction with HVEM. FEBS Lett (2011) 585:579–84.
    Kitade, H., et al. (2012). CCR5 plays a critical role in obesity-induced adipose tissue
    inflammation and insulin resistance by regulating both macrophage recruitment and M1/M2 status. Diabetes, 61(7), 1680–1690.
    Krawczyk, C., & Penninger, J. M. (2001). Molecular motors involved in T cell receptor clusterings. Journal of leukocyte biology, 69(3), 317–330.
    Kuo, S. M., & Halpern, M. M. (2011). Lack of association between body mass index
    and plasma adiponectin levels in healthy adults. International Journal of Obesity (2005), 35(12), 1487–1494.
    La Cava, A., Alviggi, C., & Matarese, G. (2004). Unraveling the multiple roles of leptin in inflammation and autoimmunity. Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany), 82(1), 4–11.
    Lackey, D. E., & Olefsky, J. M. (2016). Regulation of metabolism by the innate immune system. Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 12(1), 15–28.
    Lamas, O., Marti, A., & Martínez, J. A. (2002). Obesity and immunocompetence.
    European journal of clinical nutrition, 56 Suppl 3, S42–S45.
    Lassoued I, Mora L, Nasri R, Jridi M, Toldrá F, Aristoy M, Barkia A, Nasri M (2015)
    Characterization and comparative assessment of antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities of thornback ray gelatin hydrolysates. J Funct Foods 13:225–238
    Lewis, A. M., Varghese, S., Xu, H., & Alexander, H. R. (2006). Interleukin-1 and cancer
    progression: the emerging role of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as a novel therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. Journal of Translational Medicine, 4, 48.
    Li, F., Li, Y., Duan, Y., Hu, C. A., Tang, Y., & Yin, Y. (2017). Myokines and adipokines:
    Involvement in the crosstalk between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, 33, 73–82.
    Li, P. et al.(2016). Hematopoietic-derived galectin-3 causes cellular and systemic
    insulin resistance. Cell, 167(4), 973–984.e12.
    Liberal, Â. et al. (2016). A comparison of the bioactivity and phytochemical profile of three different cultivars of globe amaranth: red, white, and pink. Food & function, 7(2), 679–688.
    Li-Chan ECY, Hunag SL, Jao CL, Ho KP, Hsu KC (2012). Peptides derived from
    atlantic salmon skin gelatin as dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors. J Agric Food Chem 60:973–978
    Liddle, D. M., Hutchinson, A. L., Monk, J. M., DeBoer, A. A., Ma, D. W. L., &
    Robinson, L. E. (2020). Dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA mitigate CD4+ T cell/adipocyte inflammatory interactions in co-culture models of obese adipose tissue. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 108488.
    Lin, X., Bai, D., Wei, Z., Zhang, Y., Huang, Y., Deng, H., & Huang, X. (2019). Curcumin attenuates oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. PloS one, 14(5), e0216711.
    Lin, Y. H. et al. (2020). Interleukin 26 skews macrophage polarization towards M1
    phenotype by activating cJUN and the NF-κB pathway. Cells, 9(4), 938.
    Litman, G. W., Cannon, J. P., & Dishaw, L. J. (2005). Reconstructing immune
    phylogeny: new perspectives. Nature reviews. Immunology, 5(11), 866–879.
    Lord, G. M., Matarese, G., Howard, J. K., Baker, R. J., Bloom, S. R., & Lechler, R. I.
    (1998). Leptin modulates the T-cell immune response and reverses starvation-induced immunosuppression. Nature, 394(6696), 897–901.
    Lumeng CN, Bodzin JL, Saltiel AR. (2007). Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in
    adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J Clin Invest. 2007;117(1):175-184.
    Lumeng, C. N., & Saltiel, A. R. (2011). Inflammatory links between obesity and
    metabolic disease. The Journal of clinical investigation, 121(6), 2111–2117.
    Lumeng, C. N., DelProposto, J. B., Westcott, D. J., & Saltiel, A. R. (2008). Phenotypic
    switching of adipose tissue macrophages with obesity is generated by spatiotemporal differences in macrophage subtypes. Diabetes, 57(12), 3239–3246.
    Macián, F., García-Cózar, F., Im, S. H., Horton, H. F., Byrne, M. C., & Rao, A. (2002).
    Transcriptional mechanisms underlying lymphocyte tolerance. Cell, 109(6), 719–731.
    Maffei, M., et al. (1995). Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma
    leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects. Nature Medicine, 1(11), 1155–1161.
    Matsuda, M. et al. (2002). Role of adiponectin in preventing vascular stenosis. The
    missing link of adipo-vascular axis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277(40), 37487–37491.
    Matsushima, K., Larsen, C. G., DuBois, G. C., & Oppenheim, J. J. (1989). Purification
    and characterization of a novel monocyte chemotactic and activating factor produced by a human myelomonocytic cell line. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 169(4), 1485–1490.
    Mauer, J., et al. (2014). Signaling by IL-6 promotes alternative activation of
    macrophages to limit endotoxemia and obesity-associated resistance to insulin. Nature Immunology, 15(5), 423–430.
    Medzhitov, R., & Janeway, C. A., Jr (1998). Innate immune recognition and control of adaptive immune responses. Seminars in immunology, 10(5), 351–353.
    Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P. & Janeway, C. (1997). A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 388, 394–397.
    Mehta, A. K., Gracias, D. T., & Croft, M. (2018). TNF activity and T cells. Cytokine,
    101, 14–18.
    Meuer, S. C., et al. (1984). Triggering of the T3-Ti antigen-receptor complex results in clonal T-cell proliferation through an interleukin 2-dependent autocrine pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 81(5), 1509–1513.
    Monteiro, L., Pereira, J., Palhinha, L., & Moraes-Vieira, P. (2019). Leptin in the
    regulation of the immunometabolism of adipose tissue-macrophages. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 106(3), 703–716.
    Morgan, D. A., Ruscetti, F. W., & Gallo, R. (1976). Selective in vitro growth of T
    lymphocytes from normal human bone marrows. Science (New York, N.Y.), 193(4257), 1007–1008.
    Mueller, M., Hobiger, S., & Jungbauer, A. (2010). Anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from fruits, herbs and spices. Food chemistry, 122, 987-996.
    Murawska-Ciałowicz E. (2017). Adipose tissue - morphological and biochemical
    characteristic of different depots. Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online), 71(0), 466–484.
    Ngo DH, Ryu B, Kim SK (2014). Active peptides from skate (Okamejei kenojei) skin
    gelatin diminish angiotensin-I converting enzyme activity and intracellular free radical-mediated oxidation. Food Chem 143:246–255
    Nguyen, M. T., et al. (2007). A subpopulation of macrophages infiltrates hypertrophic adipose tissue and is activated by free fatty acids via Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and JNK-dependent pathways. The Journal of biological chemistry, 282(48), 35279–35292.
    Nishihara, M.et al. (2007). IL-6-gp130-STAT3 in T cells directs the development of IL-17+ Th with a minimum effect on that of Treg in the steady state. International Immunology, 19(6), 695–702.
    Noratto, G., Carrion-Rabanal, R., Medina, G., Mencia, A. et al., (2015). Quinoa
    protective effects against obesity-induced intestinal inflammation. FASEB J. 2015, 29, Supplement 602.9.
    Odegaard, J. I. et al. (2007). Macrophage-specific PPARgamma controls alternative
    activation and improves insulin resistance. Nature, 447(7148), 1116–1120.
    Odegaard, J. I., & Chawla, A. (2013). Pleiotropic actions of insulin resistance and
    inflammation in metabolic homeostasis. Science (New York, N.Y.), 339(6116), 172–177.
    Ohkura, N., Kitagawa, Y., & Sakaguchi, S. (2013). Development and maintenance of
    regulatory T cells. Immunity, 38(3), 414–423.
    Oishi, Y., & Manabe, I. (2018). Macrophages in inflammation, repair and regeneration. International immunology, 30(11), 511–528.
    Okamoto, Y. et al.(2002). Adiponectin reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-
    deficient mice. Circulation, 106(22), 2767–2770.
    Olefsky, J. M., & Glass, C. K. (2010). Macrophages, inflammation, and insulin
    resistance. Annual review of physiology, 72, 219–246.
    Osborn, O., & Olefsky, J. M. (2012). The cellular and signaling networks linking the
    immune system and metabolism in disease. Nature medicine, 18(3), 363–374.
    Otani, K., et al. (2017). Adiponectin and Colorectal Cancer. Surgery today, 47(2), 151–158.
    Ouchi, N., Parker, J. L., Lugus, J. J., & Walsh, K. (2011). Adipokines in inflammation
    and metabolic disease. Nature reviews. Immunology, 11(2), 85–97.
    Pan et al. (2016). (7R,8S)-9-Acetyl-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol inhibits inflammation
    and migration in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Phytomedicine, 23(5), 541–549.
    Pan X, ZhaoYQ, Hu FY,Wang B (2016). Preparation and identification of antioxidant
    peptides from protein hydrolysate of skate (Raja porosa) cartilage. J Funct Foods 25:220–230
    Parham P. (2005). Putting a face to MHC restriction. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 174(1), 3–5.
    Patsouris, D., Li, P. P., Thapar, D., Chapman, J., Olefsky, J. M., & Neels, J. G. (2008).
    Ablation of CD11c-positive cells normalizes insulin sensitivity in obese insulin resistant animals. Cell metabolism, 8(4), 301–309.
    Placencio, V. R., & DeClerck, Y. A. (2015). Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in
    Cancer: Rationale and Insight for Future Therapeutic Testing. Cancer Research, 75(15), 2969–2974.
    Poggi M, Jager J, Paulmyer-Lacroix O, Peiretti F, Gremeaux T, Verdier M., et al. (2009). The inflammatory receptor CD40 is expressed on human adipocytes: contribution to crosstalk between lymphocytes and adipocytes. Diabetologia (2009) 52:1152–63.
    Pol, J. G., Caudana, P., Paillet, J., Piaggio, E., & Kroemer, G. (2020). Effects of
    interleukin-2 in immunostimulation and immunosuppression. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 217(1), e20191247.
    Puhr, S., Lee, J., Zvezdova, E., Zhou, Y.J., Liu, K. (2015). Dendritic cell developmenthistory, advances, and open questions. Semin. Immunol. 27, 388–396.
    Qian, B., Zhao, X., Yang, Y., & Tian, C. (2020). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
    peptide fraction from oyster soft tissue by enzymatic hydrolysis. Food science & nutrition, 8(7), 3947–3956.
    Ramsdell, F., & Ziegler, S. F. (2014). FOXP3 and scurfy: how it all began. Nature
    reviews. Immunology, 14(5), 343–349.
    Rayaprolu, S. J., et al. (2017). Purification and characterization of a peptide from
    soybean with cancer cell proliferation inhibition. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 41(4), e12374.
    Rincón, M., Anguita, J., Nakamura, T., Fikrig, E., & Flavell, R. A. (1997). Interleukin
    (IL)-6 directs the differentiation of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 185(3), 461–469.
    Ritchie, S. A., & Connell, J. M. (2007). The link between abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 17(4), 319–326.
    Rollins B. J. (1997). Chemokines. Blood, 90(3), 909–928.
    Rosen, E. D., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2014). What we talk about when we talk about fat. Cell, 156(1-2), 20–44.
    Ross, S. H., & Cantrell, D. A. (2018). Signaling and Function of Interleukin-2 in T
    Lymphocytes. Annual Review of Immunology, 36, 411–433.
    Rothe, G., & Valet, G. (1990). Flow cytometric analysis of respiratory burst activity in
    phagocytes with hydroethidine and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin. Journal of leukocyte biology, 47(5), 440–448.
    Rui, L., Yuan, M., Frantz, D., Shoelson, S., & White, M. F. (2002). SOCS-1 and SOCS-
    3 block insulin signaling by ubiquitin-mediated degradation of IRS1 and IRS2. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277(44), 42394–42398.
    Russo, L., & Lumeng, C. N. (2018). Properties and functions of adipose tissue
    macrophages in obesity. Immunology, 155(4), 407–417.
    Sachithanandan, N., et al. (2010). Liver-specific suppressor of cytokine signaling-3
    deletion in mice enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity and lipogenesis resulting in fatty liver and obesity. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 52(5), 1632–1642.
    Sahlin, S., Hed, J., & Rundquist, I. (1983). Differentiation between attached and
    ingested immune complexes by a fluorescence quenching cytofluorometric assay. Journal of immunological methods, 60(1-2), 115–124.
    Sahoo, S. S., Lombard, J. M., Ius, Y., O'Sullivan, R., Wood, L. G., Nahar, P., Jaaback,
    K., & Tanwar, P. S. (2018). Adipose-Derived VEGF-mTOR Signaling Promotes Endometrial Hyperplasia and Cancer: Implications for Obese Women. Molecular Cancer Research : MCR, 16(2), 309–321.
    Sakaguchi, S., Sakaguchi, N., Asano, M., Itoh, M., & Toda, M. (1995). Immunologic
    self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 155(3), 1151–1164.
    Sakaguchi, S., Yamaguchi, T., Nomura, T., & Ono, M. (2008). Regulatory T cells and
    immune tolerance. Cell, 133(5), 775–787.
    Sampath Kumar NS, Nazeer RA, Jaiganesh R (2012). Purification and identification of antioxidant peptides from the skin protein hydrolysate of two marine fishes, horse mackerel (Magalaspis cordyla) and croaker (Otolithes ruber). Amino Acids 42:1641–1649
    Santos-Alvarez, J., Goberna, R., & Sánchez-Margalet, V. (1999). Human leptin
    stimulates proliferation and activation of human circulating monocytes. Cellular Immunology, 194(1), 6–11.
    Sartipy, P., & Loskutoff, D. J. (2003). Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in obesity
    and insulin resistance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(12), 7265–7270.
    Schipper, H. S. et al. (2012). Natural killer T cells in adipose tissue prevent insulin
    resistance. The Journal of clinical investigation, 122(9), 3343–3354.
    Senger, D. R., Galli, S. J., Dvorak, A. M., Perruzzi, C. A., Harvey, V. S., & Dvorak, H.
    F. (1983). Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid. Science (New York, N.Y.), 219(4587), 983–985.
    Shi, H., Kokoeva, M. V., Inouye, K., Tzameli, I., Yin, H., & Flier, J. S. (2006). TLR4
    links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. The Journal of clinical investigation, 116(11), 3015–3025.
    Shibata, R., Ouchi, N., & Murohara, T. (2009). Adiponectin and cardiovascular disease. Circulation Journal : Official Journal of The Japanese Circulation Society, 73(4), 608–614.
    Singh, B. P., Vij, S., & Hati, S. (2014). Functional significance of bioactive peptides
    derived from soybean. Peptides, 54, 171–179.
    Smith K. A. (1988). Interleukin-2: inception, impact, and implications. Science (New
    York, N.Y.), 240(4856), 1169–1176.
    Song, J., & Deng, T. (2020). The Adipocyte and Adaptive Immunity. Frontiers in
    Immunology, 11, 593058.
    Sonnenberg, G. F., Fouser, L. A., & Artis, D. (2011). Border patrol: regulation of
    immunity, inflammation and tissue homeostasis at barrier surfaces by IL-22. Nature immunology, 12(5), 383–390.
    Sospedra, M., & Martin, R. (2005). Immunology of multiple sclerosis. Annual review of immunology, 23, 683–747.
    Stein, M., Keshav, S., Harris, N., & Gordon, S. (1992). Interleukin 4 potently enhances
    murine macrophage mannose receptor activity: a marker of alternative immunologic macrophage activation. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 176(1), 287–292.
    Stienstra, R. et al.(2011). Inflammasome is a central player in the induction of obesity and insulin resistance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(37), 15324–15329.
    Subramanian, D., & Gupta, S. (2016). Pharmacokinetic study of amaranth extract in
    healthy humans: A randomized trial. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 32(7-8), 748–753.
    Sugimoto, M. A., Sousa, L. P., Pinho, V., Perretti, M., & Teixeira, M. M. (2016).
    Resolution of Inflammation: What Controls Its Onset?. Frontiers in immunology, 7, 160.
    Summers S. A. (2010). Sphingolipids and insulin resistance: the five Ws. Current
    opinion in lipidology, 21(2), 128–135.
    Sun, S., Ji, Y., Kersten, S., & Qi, L. (2012). Mechanisms of inflammatory responses in
    obese adipose tissue. Annual review of nutrition, 32, 261–286.
    Swinburn, B. A. et al. (2011). The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers
    and local environments. Lancet (London, England), 378(9793), 804–814.
    Szabo, S. J., Kim, S. T., Costa, G. L., Zhang, X., Fathman, C. G., & Glimcher, L. H.
    (2000). A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment. Cell, 100(6), 655–669.
    Szabo, S. J., Sullivan, B. M., Peng, S. L., & Glimcher, L. H. (2003). Molecular
    mechanisms regulating Th1 immune responses. Annual review of immunology, 21, 713–758.
    Tang W, Zhang H, Wang L, Qian H, Qi X (2015). Targeted separation of antibacterial
    peptide from protein hydrolysate of anchovy cooking wastewater by equilibrium dialysis. Food Chem 168:115–123
    Tsang, J. Y., Li, D., Ho, D., Peng, J., Xu, A., Lamb, J., Chen, Y., & Tam, P. K. (2011).
    Novel immunomodulatory effects of adiponectin on dendritic cell functions. International Immunopharmacology, 11(5), 604–609.
    Wan, C. P., Park, C. S., & Lau, B. H. (1993). A rapid and simple microfluorometric
    phagocytosis assay. Journal of immunological methods, 162(1), 1–7.
    Wang TY, Hsieh CH, Hung CC, Jao CL, Chen MC, Hsu KC (2015). Fish skin gelatin
    hydrolysates as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 stimulators improve glycaemic control in diabetic rats: a comparison between warm- and cold-water fish. J Funct Foods 19:330–340
    Wang, L., et al. (2018). PAI-1 Exacerbates White Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and
    Metabolic Dysregulation in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 1087.
    Wang, W., & de Mejia, E. G. (2005). A new frontier in soy bioactive peptides that may prevent age-related chronic diseases. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 4(4), 63–78.
    Weisberg, S. P., et al. (2006). CCR2 modulates inflammatory and metabolic effects of high-fat feeding. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 116(1), 115–124.
    Weisberg, S. P., McCann, D., Desai, M., Rosenbaum, M., Leibel, R. L., & Ferrante, A.
    W., Jr (2003). Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. The Journal of clinical investigation, 112(12), 1796–1808.
    Winer, D. A. et al. (2011). B cells promote insulin resistance through modulation of T cells and production of pathogenic IgG antibodies. Nature medicine, 17(5), 610–617.
    Wojciechowski, W., D.P. Harris, F. Sprague, B. Mousseau, M. Makris, K. Kusser, T.
    Honjo, K. Mohrs, M. Mohrs, T. Randall, et al. (2009). Cytokineproducing effector B cells regulate type 2 immunity to H. polygyrus. Immunity. 30:421–433.
    Wu, H., et al. (2007). T-cell accumulation and regulated on activation, normal T cell
    expressed and secreted upregulation in adipose tissue in obesity. Circulation, 115(8), 1029–1038.
    Wu, J., & Ding, X. (2001). Hypotensive and physiological effect of angiotensin
    converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from soy protein on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 49(1), 501–506.
    Wunderlich, F. T., et al. (2010). Interleukin-6 signaling in liver-parenchymal cells
    suppresses hepatic inflammation and improves systemic insulin action. Cell Metabolism, 12(3), 237–249.
    Xu, C., Mathews, A. E., Rodrigues, C., Eudy, B. J., Rowe, C. A., O'Donoughue, A., &
    Percival, S. S. (2018). Aged garlic extract supplementation modifies inflammation and immunity of adults with obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 24, 148–155.
    Xu, H. et al. (2003). Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. The Journal of clinical investigation, 112(12), 1821–1830.
    Xu, J., Yin, Z., Cao, S., Gao, W., Liu, L., Yin, Y., Liu, P., & Shu, Y. (2013). Systematic
    review and meta-analysis on the association between IL-1B polymorphisms and cancer risk. PloS one, 8(5), e63654.
    Yamauchi, T et al. (2001). The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin
    resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nature medicine, 7(8), 941–946.
    Yang et al. (2015). Acetylcholine Inhibits LPS-Induced MMP-9 Production and Cell
    Migration via the α7 nAChR-JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 36(5), 2025–2038.
    Yang, X. O. et al. (2008). T helper 17 lineage differentiation is programmed by orphan nuclear receptors ROR alpha and ROR gamma. Immunity, 28(1), 29–39.
    Yang, X., Zhu, J., Tung, C. Y., Gardiner, G., Wang, Q., Chang, H. C., & Zhou, B.
    (2015). Lunasin alleviates allergic airway inflammation while increases antigen-specific Tregs. PloS one, 10(2), e0115330.
    Yatim, K. M., & Lakkis, F. G. (2015). A brief journey through the immune system.
    Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 10(7), 1274–1281.
    Yoshimura, T., Robinson, E. A., Tanaka, S., Appella, E., Kuratsu, J., & Leonard, E. J.
    (1989). Purification and amino acid analysis of two human glioma-derived monocyte chemoattractants. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 169(4), 1449–1459.
    You, L., Chen, L., Pan, L., Peng, Y., & Chen, J. (2018). SOST gene inhibits osteogenesis from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by inducing Th17 cell differentiation. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 48(3), 1030–1040.
    Zavalza-Gómez, A. B., Anaya-Prado, R., Rincón-Sánchez, A. R., & Mora-Martínez, J.
    M. (2008). Adipokines and insulin resistance during pregnancy. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 80(1), 8–15.
    Zelante, T., Fric, J., Wong, A. Y., & Ricciardi-Castagnoli, P. (2012). Interleukin-2
    production by dendritic cells and its immuno-regulatory functions. Frontiers in Immunology, 3, 161.
    Zhang, J., Li, W., Ying, Z., Zhao, D., Yi, G., Li, H., & Liu, X. (2020). Soybean protein-
    derived peptide nutriment increases negative nitrogen balance in burn injury-induced inflammatory stress response in aged rats through the modulation of white blood cells and immune factors. Food & Nutrition Research, 64.
    Zhao D, Liu H. Adipose tissue dysfunction and the pathogenesis of metabolic
    syndrome. World J Hypertens 2013; 3(3): 18-26
    Zhao, Y., Yang, J., Gao, Y. D., & Guo, W. (2010). Th17 immunity in patients with allergic asthma. International archives of allergy and immunology, 151(4), 297–307.
    Zhou, L., et al. (2019). Innate lymphoid cells support regulatory T cells in the intestine through interleukin-2. Nature, 568(7752), 405–409.
    Zhu, J., Yamane, H., & Paul, W. E. (2010). Differentiation of effector CD4 T cell
    populations. Annual review of immunology, 28, 445–489.
    Zlotnikov, N.et al. (2017). Infection with the Lyme disease pathogen suppresses innate immunity in mice with diet-induced obesity. Cellular microbiology, 19(5), e12689.

    無法下載圖示 電子全文延後公開
    2026/09/02
    QR CODE