簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 洪廷豪
Hung, Ting-Hao
論文名稱: 人工智慧面試代理人是否會改變真人面試官對應徵者性格之判斷
Does AI based decision agent change the human interviewers’ judgements of candidates’ personality
指導教授: 孫弘岳
Suen, Hung-Yue
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 科技應用與人力資源發展學系
Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development
論文出版年: 2019
畢業學年度: 107
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 50
中文關鍵詞: 人工智慧面試代理人非同步錄影面試五大人格特質後見之明偏誤
英文關鍵詞: AI based decision agent, Asynchronous Video Interview (AVI ), five personality traits, hindsight effect
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU201900524
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:251下載:15
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 隨著人工智慧迅速發展,這項技術開始結合許多應用工具,例如非同步錄影面試結合人工智慧的決策支援功能就是其中之一,而我們稱之為「人工智慧面試代理人」。利用人工智慧的機器學習,搭配大量數據資料庫的訓練,讓人工智慧面試代理人可以藉由應徵者的非口語化線索(如:臉部表情、肢體語言),來分析出他們的人格特質。

    目前這項新型的面試工具在科技研究領域已經有一定的基礎及實證,但在結合實務應用中,面試官是否會受到人工智慧面試代理人影響進行判斷仍是未知。因此,本研究對象邀請60位具有許多實戰面試經驗之專業面試官進行實驗研究。探討面試官在接受人工智慧面試代理人後,是否會受到影響並產生改變。

    本研究結果顯示,在60位面試官在利用非同步錄影面試工具判斷相同應徵者的人格特質時,其判斷會產生高度一致性。而在面試官詳閱人工智慧面試代理人報告後,在五大人格特質中外向性、勤勉正直性以及情緒穩定性之判斷確實產生改變。在改變後發現,面試官會傾向人工智慧面試代理人所提供之內容。

    With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), this technology begins to combine with many application tools, such as asynchronous video interviews (AVI) used in employment interview. Machine learning using in the AI based decision agent with the trained data sets can help employers to analyze the job candidates’ personality traits based on their non-verbal cues including facial expressions and movement. At present, this new interview modality has provided some technical framework and validity evidences in the field of computer science. However, it is still unknown whether the human interviewers will be influenced by the AI agent for hiring recommendation. Therefore, the study invites 60 human resource professionals with real interview experience experimental research. The results of this study show that the human interviewers’ judgments toward a candidate’s personality were changed after the intervention of the AI based decision agent. Moreover, these interviewers changed their judgement of a candidate’s Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability when they reviewed the computer judgements predicted by the AI based decision agent used in this study, while the human interviewers’ post-judgements were more similar to the AI’s judgements than their initial judgements.

    中文摘要 I ABSTRACT II 目 錄 III 表 次 V 圖 次 VI 第一章 緒 論 1 第一節研究背景與動機 1 第二節研究目的與問題 3 第三節名詞釋義 4 第二章 文獻探討與假設 6 第一節面試與性格判斷 6 第二節人工智慧面試代理人會改變真人面試官對應徵者性格判斷 9 第三節真人面試官改變後的判斷會趨近於人工智慧面試代理人 11 第三章 研究設計與實施 13 第一節研究架構 13 第二節研究對象 14 第三節研究設計 14 第四節研究程序 20 第五節研究工具與信效度 23 第六節資料處理與分析 28 第四章 結果與討論 30 第一節 描述性統計分析 30 第二節 組內相關係數比較 32 第三節 成對樣本T檢定 33 第四節 前後測比較差異 34 第五章 結論與建議 35 第一節 研究結論 35 第二節 實務建議 38 第三節 研究限制與未來建議 40 參考文獻 42 一、中文部份 42 二、外文部份 42 附 錄 48 附錄一 IPIP人格特質問卷 48

    一、中文部份
    李仁豪、陳怡君 (2016)。IPIP 五大人格量表簡版的發展及其跨年齡層的測量不變性檢定。教育研究與發展期刊,12(4),87-120。
    池進通、李鴻文、陳芬儀 (2008)。五大人格特質與工作績效關係研究。經營管理論叢,4(2),1-9。
    周宥均、曾信超 (2009)。銀行主管五大人格特質與領導效能關係之研究。明新學報,35(2),115-130。

    二、外文部份
    Arkes, H. R., Wortmann, R. L., Saville, P. D., & Harkness, A. R. (1981). Hindsight bias among physicians weighing the likelihood of diagnoses. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66(2), 252-254.
    Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality: a psychological interpretation. Oxford, England: Holt.
    Asabere, N. Y., Acakpovi, A. & Michael, M. B. (2018). Improving socially aware recommendation accuracy through personality. The IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 9(3), 351-361.
    Batrinca, L., Lepri, B., Mana, N., & Pianesi, F. (2012). Multimodal recognition of personality traits in human-computer collaborative tasks. Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimodal interaction, 39–46.
    Brehmer, B. (1994). The psychology of linear judgment models. Acta Psychologica, 87, 137–154.
    Brenner, F. S., Ortner, T. M., & Fay, D. (2016). Asynchronous video interviewing as a new technology in personnel selection: The applicant’s point of view. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 863.
    Brunswik, E. (1956). Perception and the representative design of psychological experiments (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA, US: University of California Press.
    Casper, J. D., Benedict, K. & Perry, J. L. (1989). Juror decision making, attitudes, and the hindsight bias. Law and Human Behavior, 13(3), 291-310.
    Chapman, D. S., & Webster, J. (2003). The use of technologies in the recruiting, screening, and selection processes for job candidates. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11(2-3), 113-120.
    Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1989). The structure of interpersonal traits: Wiggins's circumplex and the five-factor model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(4), 586-595.
    Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO personality inventory. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 5-13.
    DeGroot, T., & Gooty, J. (2009). Can nonverbal cues be used to make meaningful personality attributions in employment interview? Journal of Business and Psychology, 24(2), 179-192.
    DeGroot, T., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1999). Why visual and vocal interview cues can affect interviewers' judgments and predict job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(6), 986-993.
    Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24(5), 285-290.
    Escalante, H. J., Kaya, H., Salah, A., Escalera, S., Gucluturk, Y., Guclu, U. & Rob, v. L. (2018). Explaining first impressions: Modeling, recognizing, and explaining apparent personality from videos. Manuscript submitted for publication.
    Fang, X., van Kleef, G. A. & Sauter, D. A. (2017). Person perception from changing emotional expressions: primacy, recency, or averaging effect? Cognition and Emotion, 32(8), 1597-1610.
    Fischhoff, B. (1975). Hindsight ≠ foresight: The effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1, 288-299.
    Fischhoff, B. (1977). Perceived information of facts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3, 349-358.
    Fleiss, J. L. (1986). Analysis of data from multiclinic trials. Controlled Clinical Trials, 7(4), 267-275.
    Florea, L., Valcea, S., Hamdani, M. R., & Dougherty, T. W. (2019). From first impressions to selection decisions: The role of dispositional cognitive motivations in the employment interview. Personnel Review, 48(1), 249-272.
    Funder, D. C. (1995). On the accuracy of personality judgment: A realistic approach. Psychological Review, 102(4), 652-670.
    Gavrilescu, M. (2015). Study on determining the Big-Five personality traits of an individual based on facial expressions. The 5th IEEE International Conference on E-Health and Bioengineering , 19-21.
    Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 26-42.
    Güçlütürk, Y., Güçlü, U., Baró, X., Escalante, H. J., Guyon, I., Escalera, S., van Gerven, M. A. J., & van Lier, R. (2018). Multimodal first impression analysis with deep residual networks. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 9(3), 316–329.
    Hoffrage, U., Hertwig, R., & Gigerenzer, G. (2000). Hindsight bias: A by-product of knowledge updating? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 566–581.
    Karelaia, N., & Hogarth, R. M. (2008). Determinants of linear judgment: A meta-analysis of lens model studies. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 404–426.
    Karlsson, L., Juslin, P., & Olsson, H. (2008). Exemplar-based inference in multi-attribute decision making: Contingent, not automatic, strategy shifts? Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 244–260.
    McArthur, L. Z., & Baron, R. M. (1983). Toward an ecological theory of 47 social perception. Psychological Review, 90(3), 215-238.
    Mohammed, S., & Angell, L. C. (2003). Personality Heterogeneity in Teams: Which Differences Make a Difference for Team Performance? Small Group Research, 34(6), 651–677.
    Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., Scullen, S. M., & Rounds, J. (2005). Higher-order dimensions of the Big Five personality traits and the big six vocational interest types. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 447-478.
    Naim, I., Tanveer, Md. I., Gildea, D., & Hoque, M. (2018). Automated analysis and prediction of job interview performance. The IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 9(2), 191-204.
    Nestler, S., & Back, M. D. (2013). Applications and extensions of the lens model to understand interpersonal judgments at zero acquaintance. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(5), 374-379.
    Nestler, S., Blank, H., & Egloff, B. (2010). Hindsight ≠ hindsight: Experimentally induced dissociations between hindsight components. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 1399-1413.
    Nestler, S., Egloff, B., Küfner, A. C. P., & Back, M. D. (2012). An integrative lens model approach to bias and accuracy in human inferences: Hindsight effects and knowledge updating in personality judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(4), 689-717.
    Ötting, S. K., & Maier, G. W. (2018). The importance of procedural justice in Human–Machine Interactions: Intelligent systems as new decision agents in organizations. Computers in Human Behavior, 89, 27-39
    Pezzo, M. V., & Pezzo, S. P. (2007). Making sense of failure: A motivated model of hindsight bias. Social Cognition, 25, 147–164.
    Pohl, R. F., Eisenhauer, M., & Hardt, O. (2003). SARA: A cognitive process model to simulate the anchoring effect and hindsight bias. Memory, 11, 337–356.
    Rasipuram, S., Pooja Rao, S. B., & Jayagopi, D. B. (2016). Asynchronous video interviews vs. face-to-face interviews for communication skill measurement: a systematic study. Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, 370-375.
    Rousseau, D. (1996). Personality in computer characters. American Association of Artificial Intelligence, 38-43.
    Salgado, J. F. (1997). The Five Factor Model of personality and job performance in the European community. Journal of Applied Psychology 82(1), 30-43.
    Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (1998). The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 262–274.
    Schmidt, F. L. (2016). The validity and utility of selection methods
    in personnel psychology: practical and theoretical implications of 100 years of research findings (Unpublished working paper). University of Iowa, US.
    Schuler, H., & Berger, W. (1979). Physische attraktivität als determinante
    von beurteilung und einstellungsempfehlung. Psychologieund Praxis, 23, 59–70.
    Schwarz, S., & Stahlberg, D. (2003). Strength of the hindsight bias as a consequence of meta-cognitions. Memory, 11, 395–410.
    Suen, H. Y., Chen, Y. C., & Lu, S. H. (2019). Does the use of synchrony and artificial intelligence in video interviews affect interview ratings and applicant attitudes? Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 93-101.
    Suen, H. Y., Hung, K. E., & Lin, C. L. (2019). TensorFlow-based automatic personality recognition used in asynchronous video interviews, IEEE Access, 7, 61018-61023.
    Stajkovic, A. D., Bandura, A., Locke, E. A., Lee D., & Sergent, K. (2018). Test of three conceptual models of influence of the big five personality traits and self-efficacy on academic performance: A meta-analytic path-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 238-245.
    Torres, E. N., & Gregory, A. (2018). Hiring manager’s evaluations of asynchronous video interviews: The role of candidate competencies, aesthetics, and resume placement. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 75, 86-93.
    Ülgen, B., Sağlam M., & Tuğsal, T. (2016). Managers’ personality traits over management styles and decision-making styles. International Journal of Commerce and Finance, 2(1), 125-136.
    Vinciarelli, A., & Mohammadi, G. (2014). A survey of personality computing, The IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 5(3), 273-291.
    Walther, J. B. (2011). Theories of Computer-Mediated Communication and Interpersonal Relations. In M. L. Knapp, & J. A. Daly (Eds), The Handbook of Interpersonal Communication (pp.443-79). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Watkins, L. M., & Johnston, L. (2000). Screening job applicants: the impact of physical attractiveness and application quality. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 8, 76–84.
    Widiger, T. A., & Trull, T. J. (1997). Assessment of the Five-Factor Model of Personality. Journal of personality assessment, 68(2), 228-250.
    William, G. G., & Nancy, E. (1997). Agreeableness: A Dimension of Personality. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs (Eds), Handbook of Personality Psychology (pp. 795-824). Academic Press.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE