在使用電泳式顯示器所組成的電子紙上播放影片是很大的挑戰，這是因為電泳式顯示器的反應時間比一般的液晶顯示器還要長很多。此外，電泳式顯示器能夠顯示的灰階數量很有限，且在不同幀之間的畫面切換顯示，需要複雜的驅動波型來加以控制。由於上述這些問題，在電泳顯示器上播放影片是很困難的。本論文中，我們對於播放影片功能提出了一個新的即時訊號處理架構，此架構包含了半色調影像處理的硬體模組、視訊資料的編碼以及改善顯示器驅動波型的設計，它支援電泳式顯示器的影片即時播放，並且展現出良好的視訊品質。

Playing videos on the electronic paper, which is composed of the electrophoretic display (EPD), is an attractive feature, but none of commercial EPDs supports it. This is because the response time of the EPD is much longer than liquid crystal displays. In addition, the number of gray tones shown on the EPD is quite limited, and the state transitions between successive frames can be achieved by complicated driving waveforms. These issues result in the difficulties of supporting video display function on the EPD. In this thesis, we propose a new real-time signal processor for the EPD. The processor is composed of hardware modules for producing halftoned video frames, encoding video data, and sending driving waveform to the display in real time to show good quality of videos on the EPD.

[1]點子生活, “Computex不能錯過的E Ink元太科技電子紙技術”, available at: http://www.saydigi.com/2014/06/computex-eink.html
[2]B. Comiskry, J. D. Albert, H. Yoshizawa, and J. Jacobson, “An electrophoretic ink for all printed reflective electronic display,” Nature, vol. 394, pp. 253-255, July. 1998.
[3]R. C. Liang, J. Hou, J. Chung, X. Wang, C. Pereira and Y. Chen, “Microcup active and passive matrix electrophoretic displays by roll-to-roll manufacturing processes,” in Proc. SID 03 Digest, 2003, pp. 838-841.
[4]Y. Komatsu, H. Kawai, T. Kodaira, S. Hirabayashi, M. Miyasaka, S. Nebashi, and T. Shimoda, “A flexible 7.1-in. active-matrix electrophoretic display,” in Proc. SID 06 Digest, 2006, pp. 1830-1833.
[5]A. Henzen, J. Kamer, T. Nakamura, T. Tsuji, M. Yasui, M. Pitt, G. Duthaler, K. Amundson, H. Gates, and R. Zehner, “Development of active-matrix electronic-ink displays for handheld devices,” Journal of SID, vol. 12, no 1, pp. 17-22, 2004.
[6]Y. Chen, J. Au, P. Kazlas, A. Ritenour, H. Gates, and M. McCreary, “Flexible active-matrix electronic ink display,” Nature, vol. 423, pp. 136, May 2003.
[7]W. C. Kao, S. C. Liu, and W. T. Chang, "Signal processing for playing videos on electrophoretic displays," in Proc. IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Boise, US, Aug. 2012.
[8]E Ink Inc, http://www.eink.com
[9]Wen-Chung Kao, Jen-Jui Liu and Ming-I Chu, “Integrating photometric calibration with adaptive image halftoning for electrophoretic displays,” IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology, vol. 6, no.12, pp. 625 - 632, Dec. 2010.
[10]R. Zehner, K. Amundson, A. Knaian, B. Zion, M. Johnson, and G. Zhou, “Drive waveforms for active matrix electrophoretic displays,” in Proc. SID 03 Digest, 2003, pp. 842- 845.
[11]Wen-Chung Kao, Jia-An Ye, Fong-Shou Lin, Craig Lin, and Robert Sprague, “Configurable timing controller design for active matrix electrophoretic display with 16 gray levels,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference Consumer Electronics (ICCE), Las Vegas, January 2009.
[12]M. T. Johnson, G. Zhou, R. Zehner, K. Amundson, A. Henzen, and J. Kamer, "High-quality images on electrophoretic displays," Journal of SID, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 175 - 180, Feb. 2006.
[13]C. M. Lu and C.L. Wey, “A Controller Design for Micro-Capsule Active Matrix Electrophoretic Displays,” IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology, Vol. 7, No. 8, pp. 434–442, August 2011.
[14]R. W. Floyd and I. Steinberg, “An adaptive algorithm for spatial grayscale,” Proc. SID, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 75–78, 1976.
[15]Henry R. Kang, Digital Color Halftoning. Peerless Systems Corporation, 1999.
[16]Yan Zhou, Chun Chen, Qiang Wang, Jiajun Bu, “Jumping Scanning Path Error Diffusion: A Novel Halftoning Algorithm Improving Mid-tone Quality,” Digital Media and Digital Content Management(DMDCM), pp. 215 - 222, May. 2011.
[17]Michael Bader, Space-Filling Curves: An Introduction with Applications in Scientific Computing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
[18]Hilbert David, Ueber die stetige Abbildung einer Linie auf ein Flächenstück. Mathematische Annalen, 1891, pp. 459-460.
[19]J. F. Jarvis, C. N. Judice, and W. H. Ninke, “A survey of techniques for the display of continuous-tone pictures on bilevel displays,” Comput. Graph. Image Process, vol. 5, pp. 13–40, 1976.
[20]P. Stucki, “Mecca-A multiple-error correcting computation algorithm for bi-level image hardcopy reproduction,” Tech. Rep. RZ1060, IBM Res. Lab., Zurich, Switzerland, 1981.
[21]W. C. Kao, G. F. Wu, Y. L. Shih, F. S. Lin, and Y. J. Hsieh, “Design of real-time image processing engine for electrophoretic displays,” IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 556 - 561, Oct. 2011.
[22]C.-Y. Su and Y. -L.Sie, “An FPGA implementation of chaotic and edge enhanced error diffusion,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electr., vol.56, pp. 1755–1762, 2010.
[23]J.-.W. Ahn and W. Sung “Multimedia processor-based implementation of an error-diffusion halftoning algorithm exploiting subword parallelism” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol.11,, pp. 129–137, 2001.
[24]Z. J. Liu, C. L. Liu, and Z. H. Lian,. “A real-time image processor with dynamic error diffusion based on edge detection for plasma display panel,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 52, pp. 494-500, May 2006.
[25]YouTube, “EPD Video”, available at: http://youtu.be/RnImVDPqZbs?list=PLTBNbapjq1-oYwxWSMPgz_l1XP-H8ECEQ