本研究旨在探討國中生的社會目標與攻擊行為之間的關聯，並進一步檢視同儕氣氛及性別在其中所扮演的調節角色。本研究使用問卷調查法，研究參與者來自台北市某所公立國中的11個班級共261位學生，其中包含男生133名、女生128名（平均年齡14.64歲）。研究工具使用自陳式「社會目標量表」（包含支配、親密、受歡迎目標）、「班級同儕脈絡問卷」（包含：自在、合作、凝聚、衝突、孤立）、「攻擊行為量表」（包含關係攻擊、外顯攻擊）。研究結果為：
1.　在支配目標方面，低正向（自在、合作、凝聚）和高衝突的同儕氣氛下，高支配目標的男生會出現較高程度的外顯攻擊；在高自在的同儕氣氛下，高支配目標的男生及女生皆會出現較高程度的外顯攻擊。
2.　在親密目標方面，在高自在的同儕氣氛下，高親密目標的女生會出現較高程度的關係攻擊。
3.　在受歡迎目標方面，在高衝突的同儕氣氛下，高受歡迎目標的男生會出現較高程度的外顯攻擊。
　　最後，針對本研究結果的實務意涵與貢獻、研究限制及未來研究的方向進行說明。

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between social goals and aggressive behavior in middle school students, and further to investigate whether peer climate and gender would moderate the relationship between social goals and aggressive behavior. The participants recruited from 11 classes in a middle school at Taipei, with a total of 261 students, including 133 boys and 128 girls (average age 14.64 years old).The measurement tools used in this study were the Chinese version of the “Social Goal Questionnaire” (including dominance, intimacy, and popular goals), “Classroom Peer Context Questionnaire”(including – comfort, cooperation, cohesion, conflict, and isolation), and “Aggression Questionnaire”(including relational aggression and overt aggression). The findings are as follows,
(1) In the low positive (i.e., comfort, cooperation, cohesion) peer climate and high conflict peer climate, boys with higher level of dominant goal tend to have more overt aggressive behavior. In the high comfort peer climate, both boys and girls with higher level of dominant goal tend to have more overt aggressive behavior.
(2) In the high comfort peer climate, girls with higher level of intimate goal tend to have more relational aggressive behavior.
(3) In the high conflict peer climate, boys with higher level of popular goal tend to have more overt aggressive behavior.
Based on the results, implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

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