本研究旨在從「Gottfredson職業偏好的設限與妥協理論」的角度觀察國
內中小學生受試者的職業偏好發展階段和大學生的職業偏好妥協選擇策略。
研究者在本研究中設計了二個子研究及19個研究假設，經過資料搜集與分析
的過程以後，結果有16個研究假設獲得支持，茲分別就兩個研究的過程與發
現說明如下：
研究一：職業偏好設限發展階段研究
研究者採立意叢集抽樣方式，抽取台灣都會、城區、鄉鎮、偏遠等地區
的國小、國中、高中26個班級，以「托尼智力測驗」和「職業偏好問卷」為
研究工具，對抽樣樣本進行施測，結果得有效樣本611人。再以G峟p法、
獨立性卡方考驗統計法和逐步迴歸分析法考驗五個研究假設。研究結果發現
受試者的「性別」自我概念和「職業偏好的性別類型」職業影像有關，「社
會階層」及「智力」等自我概念和「職業偏好的聲望程度」職業影像有關，
而且分別發生在Gottfredson所建議的發展的第二階段（九歲以下）和第三階
段（九歲（含）以上）。其中，「性別」自我概念對「職業偏好的性別類型」
職業影像有較大的預測力，可以解釋全部變異的32.79%；「智力」比「社會
階層」自我概念對「職業偏好聲望程度」職業影像有較大的預測力，可以解
釋全部變異量的5.57%。綜合言之，Gottfredson職業偏好發展階段的設限論
點在本研究國內青少年的樣本中獲得支持。
研究二：大學生職業偏好的妥協現象研究
研究者以自行設計的「職業選擇兩難問卷」為研究工具，運用立意抽樣
法，抽取國內24個班級的大學生（「男」「女」生；「工」、「理」、「文」、
「人」、「商」、「事」等六種職業興趣類型的人數大約平均分配）為受試
者進行調查研究，得有效樣本854人，並使用t-test，逐步迴歸分析，單因子
變異數分析等統計方法考驗研究假設，結果發現：「職業偏好的妥協選擇策
略」存有「自我概念」層面的差異、「性別」的差異、以及「性別」在「跨
文化」上與「選擇兩難情境」上的差異；研究並發現，「性別角色」、「職
業興趣」、「職業自我概念」、「職業心向」、「目標選擇」、「職業資訊」、
「問題解決」、「未來計畫」、「自我瞭解」等心理變項可以分別預測「大
學男生」和「大學女生」的「職業偏好聲望選擇」；而且「女性特質」和「自
我瞭解」等心理變項可以正向預測大學男生「職業偏好的聲望選擇」策略；
「男性特質」可以正向預測大學女生「職業偏好的聲望選擇」策略；「女性
特質」、「人」型及「文」型職業興趣等心理變項可以負向預測大學女生「職
業偏好的聲望選擇」策略。
研究者並針對本研究的研究方法與研究過程提出檢討，根據本研究的結
果對諮商輔導實務工作與Gottfredson理論研究工作提出若干建議。

The purposes of this study were to use the viewpoint , "Gottfredson's
theory of circumscription and compromise in vocational preference" , to observe
the developmental stages of vocational preference of Taiwan's students in the
elementary , junior high ,and senior high school and the " vocational preference
compromise choice" strategies of university students. There were two researches
and 19 assumptions included in this study. As the results,16 assumptions were
supported, after the data being collected and analyzed.
Research I: A Study on the Developmental Stages of Vocational Preference
Researcher adopted judgmental cluster sampling method, picking 26 class students
from elementary ,junior high, and senior high school located in the city,
town, country ,and remote area in Taiwan as subjects. Tony Intelligence Test and
Vocational Preference Inventory were used as research instruments, and 611 valid
subjects were obtained. Then, G? independent X?and stepwise regression
statistical methods were used to test the 5 research assumptions. The results
indicated that "sex" included in self-concept is related to "sex type of
vocational preference" included in vocational image that happened in the second
developmental stage(subjects were under 9 years old) ;"social class"
and "intelligence" were related to the "prestige level of vocational preference"
that happened in the third developmental stage(subjects were as many as and
more than 9 years old) ,which were as Gottfredson suggested. In addition, "sex"
was more powerful predictor for the "sex type of vocational preference" and was
able to explain 32.79% of the total variance; "intelligence", when compared
with "social class" ,was more powerful predictor for the "prestige level of
vocational preference" and was able to explain 5.57% of he total variance. In
sum, Gottfredson's viewpoint, the developmental stages of vocational preference
circumscription, was supported for the sampled subjects.
Research II: A Study on the Vocational Preference Compromise Phenomena of the
University Students
Researcher designed "Vocational Choice Dilemma Inventory" as the research
instrument and used judgmental sampling method to pick 24 class students(about
evenly distributed by male and female; reality type, investigation type, art
type, social type, enterprise type and conventional type vocational interest) in
the university as subjects. Then, researcher asked some teachers in the
university to invite the subjects to fill the "Vocational Choice Dilemma
Inventory" and obtained 854 valid samples. Next, t-test, stepwise regression,
and ANOVA statistical methods were used to test the 14 assumptions ,and the
results were as follow:
There exited differences of "vocational preference compromise choice"
strategies among subjects with different "self concept", "sex", "sex in the
cross culture" ,and "dilemma situations". In addition, the psychological
variances, such as "sex role" , "vocational interest" , "vocational self
concept" , "vocational mental tendency" , "goal selection" , "gathering
occupational information" , "problem solving" , "making the plans for the
future" , "accurate self appraisal" , could predict both male and female
university students' "vocational preference prestige choice" strategies
separately; "female character" and "accurate self appraisal" could positively
predict male's "vocational preference prestige choice" strategy; "male character
" could positively predict female's "vocational preference prestige choice"
strategy; "female character", "social type" and "art type" vocational interest
could negatively predict female's "vocational preference prestige choice"
strategy.
Researcher provided some discussions for the research methods and
research procedure, and made some suggestions for both the practice of
counseling and guidance as well as the research work of Gottfredson's theory.