本研究旨在探討國中生社會目標與社交行為之關聯，並檢視受歡迎度在社會目標與社交行為之間的調節效果。研究參與者為565位來自臺灣北部、四所國中共15個班級的七至九年級學生（男生291人，女生274人，平均年齡為14.25歲）。本研究以自陳式量表測量社會目標，使用同儕提名問卷測量社交計量受歡迎度、同儕知覺受歡迎度、以及外顯攻擊、關係攻擊和利社會行為。研究結果如下：
（一）國中生的親密感目標與利社會行為顯著正相關，支配性目標與攻擊行為顯著正相關、與利社會行為顯著負相關；受歡迎目標與攻擊行為和利社會行為均無顯著關聯；受歡迎目標和親密感目標與同儕知覺受歡迎度均顯著正相關。社交計量受歡迎度與外顯攻擊和關係攻擊顯著負相關、與利社會行為顯著正相關；同儕知覺受歡迎度與利社會行為顯著正相關。
（二）性別差異方面，男生在支配性目標上的得分顯著高於女生，女生在親密感目標上的得分顯著高於男生，男、女生在受歡迎目標的得分無顯著差異；另外，男生在外顯攻擊上的得分顯著高於女生，女生在利社會行為上的得分顯著高於男生，而在關係攻擊的得分上並無顯著性別差異。
（三）控制性別後，國中生的受歡迎目標與社交計量受歡迎度之交互作用對關係攻擊有顯著影響：具有高受歡迎目標且不受同儕喜愛的青少年，有較多的關係攻擊行為；親密感目標與社交計量受歡迎度的交互作用對關係攻擊與利社會行為均有顯著影響：具有高親密感目標且不受同儕喜愛的青少年有較多關係攻擊行為，而具有高親密感目標且受到同儕喜愛的青少年，有較多利社會行為。受歡迎目標、支配性目標、親密感目標與社交計量受歡迎度的交互作用均對外顯攻擊無顯著影響力。
（四）控制性別後，國中生的支配性目標和親密感目標均與同儕知覺受歡迎度存在交互作用，顯著影響青少年的利社會行為：具有低支配性目標且高人氣、或是具有高親密感目標且高人氣的青少年，有較多利社會行為。受歡迎目標、支配性目標、親密感目標與同儕知覺受歡迎度的交互作用均對外顯攻擊無顯著影響力。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between social goals and social behavior among middle school students, and further examine the moderating effect of popularity between social goals and social behavior. Participants were 565 students (291 boys and 274 girls; the mean age is 14.25) in grades 7-9 from 15 classes of four junior high schools in northern Taiwan. The study measured social goals by using a self-report scale and used peer nomination questionnaire to measure “sociometric popularity”, “peer-perceived popularity”, “overt aggression”, “relational aggression”, and “prosocial behavior”. The findings show that:
(a) Intimacy goal positively correlates with prosocial behavior, while dominance goal positively correlates with aggression and negatively correlates with prosocial behavior. There is no significant correlation between popularity goal and three kinds of social behavior. Both popularity goal and intimacy goal positively correlate with peer-perceived popularity. Sociometric popularity negatively correlates with overt aggression and relational aggression. Both kinds of popularity positively correlate with prosocial behavior.
(b) With respect to gender difference, boys score significantly higher than girls on dominance goal, and girls score significantly higher than boys on intimacy goal; there is no significant difference between the scores of boys and girls on popularity goal. In addition, boys score significantly higher than girls on overt aggression, and girls score significantly higher than boys on prosocial behavior; there is no significant difference in the score of relational aggression.
(c) After controlling for gender, the interaction between popularity goal and sociometric popularity is predictive of relational aggression. The interaction of intimacy goal and sociometric popularity is predictive of both relational aggression and prosocial behavior. When adolescents who with high popularity goal or high intimacy goal are not liked by peers, they tend to have more relational aggression. If adolescents with high intimacy goals are liked by peers, they tend to have more prosocial behavior. The interactions between all social goals and sociometric popularity have no significant effect on overt aggression.
(d) After controlling for gender, the interactions between dominance goal and peer-perceived popularity, intimacy goal and peer-perceived popularity, are predictive of prosocial behavior. If adolescents who have low dominance goals or high intimacy goals are popular among their peers, they tend to have more prosocial behavior. The interactions between all social goals and peer-perceived popularity have no significant effect on overt aggression.

中文部份
邱皓政（2019）：量化研究與統計分析：SPSS與R資料分析範例解析。五南。
馮華潤（2014）：青少年同伴群體中的社會地位：基於受歡迎度的系統探索（未發表）。華東師範大學應用心理學系碩士論文。
程景琳（2010）：社交計量及同儕知覺受歡迎度與青少年關係攻擊及孤寂感之相關研究。教育心理學報，42（1），143–162。

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