本研究之主要目的為探討幼兒情緒調節策略以及相關因素，包括幼兒氣質、照顧者反應方式以及其他背景變項（幼兒性別、照顧者類型、照顧者年齡、照顧者教育程度）。
為瞭解以上概念，本研究編製及修訂了「幼兒情緒調節策略量表」、「照顧者對幼兒負向情緒反應問卷」，以台北縣市大班幼兒照顧者為對象進行調查。其中預試問卷共發出三百五十份、回收有效問卷二百一十四份，正式問卷共發出四百五十三份，回收有效問卷二百九十六份；數十位幼托園所教師亦同時以「幼兒氣質量表」評估幼兒的氣質特性。此外，本研究也招募八位不同性別、排行、社經地位、學校類型的孩子之照顧者進行半結構式訪談。並藉由積差相關、多元迴歸、單因子多變量變異數分析、質性分析等方式以瞭解問卷與訪談中所呈現之幼兒情緒調節、照顧者反應以及幼兒氣質之間的關係。
本研究主要發現如下：
一、整體而言，照顧者在面對幼兒負向情緒時愈常使用「鼓勵表達」、「問題導向」、「情緒導向」反應，愈少使用「心情低落」、「懲罰」、「降低嚴重性」反應，幼兒愈常使用認知型策略；而照顧者愈常使用「心情低落」、「懲罰」、「降低嚴重性」反應，愈少使用「鼓勵表達」、「問題導向」、「情緒導向」反應，幼兒愈常使用行為型策略。
二、單獨從幼兒的情緒調節策略來看，其使用頻率依次為「尋求照顧者」、「語言表達」、「認知引導」、「攻擊」及「發洩安撫」。且幼兒氣質會影響他們的情緒調節策略表現：從六項氣質向度來看，幼兒的適應性愈佳、趨避性愈屬趨向、情緒強度愈強，愈常使用認知型策略；幼兒的活動量愈大、注意力愈分散、堅持度愈低，愈常使用行為型策略。另外，比較由各氣質向度組成的氣質類型幼兒可發現：「中庸型」幼兒在認知型策略的使用多於「好動型」與「退縮型」幼兒，「好動型」幼兒在行為型策略的使用多於「中庸型」與「退縮型」幼兒。
三、單獨從照顧者面對幼兒負向情緒的反應來看，照顧者較常出現「問題導向」、「情緒導向」及「鼓勵表達」反應；較少出現「降低嚴重性」、「懲罰」及「心情低落」反應。此外，不同類型、不同教育程度的照顧者在反應上亦有所不同。

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