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研究生：	莫爾東 Melton Morrison
論文名稱：	檢測高等教育機構對實施知識管理系統的準備度：以貝里斯大學為例 Assessing the Readiness of Higher Education Institutions to Develop a Knowledge Management System: A Study in the University of Belize
指導教授：	黃乃熒 Whang, Nai-Ying
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	教育政策與行政研究所 Graduate Institute of Educational Policy and Administration
論文出版年：	2016
畢業學年度：	104
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	258
中文關鍵詞：	信息和通信技術、人力資源、策略及領導、組織結構、組織文化、知識管理、知識管理系統
英文關鍵詞：	Information and communication technology, human resource, strategy and leadership, organizational structure, organization culture, knowledge management, knowledge management system
DOI URL：	https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202203945
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：113 下載：20
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查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

知識的保存是一個組織最重要的功能之一。另外，組織不僅是保護知識，更是創造，保留，傳播知識，也被稱作知識管理。高等教育機構從事知識管理應該如同他們應該是知識的創導。這研究是用來評估Belize大學對於發展知識管理系統的準備。
在這研究中的兩個原型Web Model還有Star Model是被設計來確定知識管理系統的發展是否準備就緒。兩個原型都用了5個關鍵因素去評估：信息和通信技術，人力資源，策略及領導，組織結構，組織文化，其中組織文化是Star Model原型的核心。
一個方便又隨機的採樣程序是用來搜集約3246名學生及200名Belize大學不同部門的教職人員的反應。從這個總體所需要的統計樣本數大約是346名受訪者。然而，研究員鎖定了400個樣本，然後取得了384個回應;其中379個為有效樣本，因此從這400個樣本的回覆率為94.75%。
這個結果說明了人力資源還有組織文化的大小是KMS發展的最好條件;而策略、領導，組織結構及ICT則是最差的條件。此外，人力資源是唯一準備好接受知識管理系統的唯一條件。除此之外在教職人員及學生間對於各個因素是否準備就緒的觀點有著顯著的差異。這研究也確定了兩個原型都很適合去評估知識管理系統的發展是否已準備好了也確定那五個因素是重要的批判性因素。最後，這研究也提出關於讓這研究審查的五項批判性因素及未來研究進步的建議。

Preservation of knowledge is probably one of the most important functions of an organization. Additionally, not only should organizations be preserving knowledge, but they should also find a way to generate, store, and disseminate this knowledge—this process is known as Knowledge Management (KM). Higher Education Institutions (HEI’s) should be engaging in KM practices as they should be the lead creators of knowledge. Thus, this research sought to assess the readiness of the University of Belize to develop a knowledge management system (KMS).
In this research two new models, the Web Model and the Star Model, were designed to assess the readiness to develop a knowledge management system. Both models used 5 critical factors to assess readiness: information and communication technology, human resource, strategy and leadership, organizational structure and organizational culture, with organizational culture being a mediator in the Star Model.
A convenient yet random sampling procedure was used to gather responses from approximately 3246 students and approximately 200 teaching and administrative staff combined who ranged from different departments in the University of Belize. The statistical sample required from this population was about 346 respondents. Instead, the researcher targeted 400 samples and was able to collect 384 responses; of these responses 379 were useful, thus giving a response rate of 94.75%, from the 400 targeted.
The results indicated that the human resource and the organizational culture dimensions are in the best conditions for the development of a KMS; whereas the strategy and leadership, the organizational structure and the ICT are in the worst conditions. Also, the human resource is the only factor that is ready to accept the development of a knowledge management system. Moreover, there is a significant difference between the views of the teachers, administrators and the students towards the readiness of each factor. The research also determined that both models were decent enough to assess readiness to develop a knowledge management system and that the five factors were indeed significant critical factors. Finally, this research offered suggestions for improvement of the five critical factors under scrutiny in this research and also suggestions for future research.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………….     i
摘要……………………………………………………...    ii
ABSTRACT……………………………….…..…...……    iii
LIST OF TABLES……………………….....…..….…    vii
LIST OF FIGURES…………………………....…..    ix
CHAPTER1—INTRODUCTION……………………….…….......    1
    Chapter Overview…………………………………..……………………….......    1
    Background ……………………………………………..………………......…..    1
    Problem Statement……………………………………..……………………......    7
    Purpose and Questions of the Study ……………………...……………...…......    9
    Significance of the Study…………………………………………...…..…........    10
    Delimitations and Limitations………………………………………………......    11
    Definition of Concepts………………………………………….…..…....….......    12
CHAPTER 2—LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………............    17
    Chapter Overview…………………………………………………….................    17
    Literature on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems..    17
    Literature on Knowledge Management in Higher Education Institutions............    42
    Literature on Designing and Developing Knowledge Management Systems…..    58
    Literature on Related Research………………………………………………….    77
    Literature on the Benefits Knowledge Management …………………………...    100
    Summary …………………………………………………..................................    108
CHAPTER 3—METHODOLOGY……………..………….………………....…...     109
    Chapter Overview……………...………………………………………..……....    109
    The Researchers Structural Model…………………………………………..….    109
    Research Hypothesis ………………………...…………………………….....…                    113
    Research Procedure………………………………………...….…………..……    115
    Data Analysis Methods. ………………………………..………………….…....    120
    Pilot Test, Data Collection and Sample…………………..………………….….     125
    Summary………………………………………………………..…………….…    133
CHAPTER 4— EMPIRICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………………..    135
    Chapter Overview……………...………..………………………………..…......    135
    Descriptive Statistics………………………..…………………………….….….    135
    Friedman Rank Test………………………..…………………………………....    145
    Binomial Test………………………………..……………………………….….    151
    Analysis of Variance ANOVA)……………………………………………...….     158
    Structural Equation Modeling……………………………………………...……    162
    Summary…………………………………………………………………...……    198
CHAPTER 6—CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS……….………    201
    Chapter Overview……………...………………………………………….….....    201
    Conclusions of the Study…………..………………………..…….………...…..    201
    Summary of Conclusions and Hypothesis……………………………….…......    211
    Recommendations ………………………………………………..……………..    212
    Summary………………………………………………………………………..    218
REFERENCES. ………………………………………………….…......................    221
APPENDICES    241
    A. Cover Letter……………………………………………………………….    241
    B. Final Knowledge Management Readiness Questionnaire……..……………    243
    C. Original Knowledge Management Readiness Questionnaire……...…..……    247
    D. Binomial Test Showing Responses to all questions before Question     
  Deletions………………………………………………………………..……    
251
    E. The Web Model and the Star Model…………………………………………    257
Table 1.1 Departments in each Faculty at UB………………………………..…...    6
Table 2.1. Various Definitions of Knowledge Management……….………...…...    21
Table 2.2.The Four Modes of Knowledge Conversion……………………………    31
Table 2.3. Various Definitions of KMS……………………………………..……    35
Table 2.4. Key steps to Remember in Applying KMS………………………………    46
Table 2.5. Monthly Pricing in US Dollars for Select Internet Plans…………………    56
Table 2.6. Availability of Core ICT Indicators………………………………………    57
Table 2.7. Key Factors of KM Implementation…………………………………..…    59
Table 2.8. Critical Success Factors in Developing a KMS …………….………...….    63
Table 2.9. KM Enabling ICT Tools/Networks. ……………………...……….…….    72
Table 2.10. Criteria for the Five Critical Factors ………….….……..………….…    73
Table 2.11. Comparison of Related Research……….………………….………..…..    89
Table 3.1. Relationship Between the Critical Factors………………………………....….    110
Table 3.2. Hypotheses for this Research…………………...………………..……….    114
Table 3.3. Questionnaires Sections and Titles………………………………………    116
Table 3.4. AVE and CR for Original Instrument……………………………………..    126
Table 3.5. HTMT for the Different Constructs……………………………..……..    128
Table 3.6. Factor Loadings for the Original Instrument………………………………    129
Table 3.7. Re-test of Model after Low Loadings Deleted………………..………..    132
Table 4.1. Readiness Mean and Standard Deviation…………………………..…..    136
Table 4.2. ICT Mean and Standard Deviation………………………………..……    137
Table 4.3. Human Resource Mean and Standard Deviation………………….....…    138
Table 4.4. Strategy and Leadership Mean and Standard Deviation…………….…    139
Table 4.5. Organizational Structure Mean and Standard Deviation…………….…    140
Table 4.6. Organizational Culture Mean and Standard Deviation………………...    141
Table 4.7. Demography Frequency and Percent …………………………….……    142
Table 4.8. Top 5 Responses……………………………………………………………    143
Table 4.9. Bottom 5 Responses……………………………………………………    143
Table 4.10. Test for Normality of Data……………………………………………    145
Table 4.11. Friedman Rank Test…………………………..………………………
146
Table 4.12. Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test on the Five Critical Factors……….…    148
Table 4.13. Comparison of Respondents Ranking……………………..…………    149
Table 4.14. Binomial Test for each Critical Factor ……………………….………    155
Table 4.15. Test of Homogeneity of Variances …………………..………………    158
Table 4.16. Comparisons using the ANOVA test and Robust test……..…………    159
Table 4.17. Turkey’s Post-Hoc Test ………………………………………………    161
Table 4.18. Pearson’s Correlation ………………………………..…………….…    163
Table 4.19. Collinearity Statistics of Tolerance and VIF………..…………...……    164
Table 4.20. Collinearity Diagnostics based on Variance Proportions……………    165
Table 4.21. HTMT for the Different Constructs Immediately after Data 
         Collection……………………………………………………………..    167
Table 4.22. Factor loadings for the Different Constructs Immediately after Data  
         Collection……………………………………………………………..    168
Table 4.23. HTMT for the Different Constructs after Deleted Indicators………...    169
Table 4.24 Factor Loading Web Model (Hypothesized Model)…………...………    171
Table 4.25. Fit Analysis for Web Model………….......……..……………….……    180
Table 4.26. The Web Model Post-Hoc Statistical Power Test ……..……….……    181
Table 4.27. Factor Loading Star Model……………………………………………    186
Table 4.28. Fit Analysis for the Star Model …………………………...…….……    192
Table 4.29. Test for Mediating Effect ……………………………………….……    195
Table 4.30. The Star Model Post-Hoc Statistical Power Test………………….…..     197
Table 4.31. Analyses and their Respective Hypotheses………….………………..    199
Table 5.1. Summary of Main Hypotheses…………………………………………    212
Figure 2.1. Infrastructure, infostructure, infoculture ……………………………..    42
Figure 2.2. Belize excluded from the World Bank web page drop menu…………    51
Figure 2.3. Education………………………………………………………………    52
Figure 2.4. Innovation……………………………………………………………..    53
Figure 2.5. Information and communication technologies………………………...    53
Figure 2.6. Economic and institutional regimes…………………………………...    54
Figure 2.7. Knowledge economy index of selected Caribbean countries…………    54
Figure 2.8. Internet users (per 100 population) as of year 2007…………………..    55
Figure 2.9. KM implementation requirement model (Ahmadi et al.) ……...….…      79
Figure 2.10. Readiness for KM implementation model (Atoufi et al.) ………......      80
Figure 2.11. Successful implementation of KM model (Yaghoubi and Maleki) ….    81
Figure 2.12. Success of KM model (Ansari et al.) ………………………….…….    83
Figure 2.13. Framework for enhancing KM using ICT in HEI (Omona et al.) …...                        84
Figure 2.14. Factors affecting attitudes towards KM model (Shirazi et al.) …......    86
Figure 2.15. Factors that contribute to knowledge sharing (Sohail & Daud) ……..    87
Figure 3.1. Researchers proposed structural model……………..…………………    109
Figure 3.2. Research procedure………………………………...………………….    117
Figure 3.3. Factor loadings for all indicators……..………………………….…….    130
Figure 4.1. Web Model factor loadings immediately after data collection………..    166
Figure 4.2. The Web Model interaction effect size and factor loadings …………..    170
Figure 4.3. The Web Model results of blindfolding and predictive validity …..….    179
Figure 4.4. The Star Model (revised model) interaction effect size and factor 
         loadings………………………………………………………….……..    185
Figure 4.5. The Star Model blindfolding results and predictive validity…...….….    191
Figure 4.6. The Direct interactions between the four critical factors and 
         readiness……………………………………………………….………    194
                                

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