二十世紀初的美國，歌劇的發展是跟隨著歐洲的腳步，雖已有美國作曲家創作歌劇作品，但是歌劇院上演的總是華格納歌劇及義大利歌劇的經典戲碼，許多作曲家本土意識開始漸長，創作具有美國風格的歌劇，而這些創作也得到歌劇院協會的支持。
美國作曲家道格拉斯˙穆爾（Douglas Moore, 1893~1969）是以歌劇作品聞名的作曲家，二十世紀中期，音樂劇（Musical）在美國大放異彩，在票房及觀眾支持度的反應之下，傳統且演唱較具困難的歌劇，較少作曲家願意創作，而穆爾年輕時即對歌劇相當喜愛，在他的歌劇作品當中，使用了許多美國本土的素材，這樣的創作內容，也讓穆爾成為美國歌劇的代表人物之一。
歌劇《寶貝朶敘事歌》（The Ballad of Baby Doe, 1956）是穆爾最著名的作品，取材自美國克羅拉多州銀礦大亨霍爾斯˙泰伯爾（Horace Tabor）之真實故事，穆爾直接又優美的音樂，讓這個故事成為一齣動人的歌劇。筆者希望藉由分析女主角—寶貝朶（Baby Doe）角色詠嘆調及部份宣敘調之音樂處理及演唱詮釋，讓讀者了解此歌劇，並在寶貝朶一角的演唱及詮釋內涵上提供一些幫助和意見，盼望透過這次的研究，能讓讀者對此歌劇作品有更深入的了解。

參考書目

中文書目

Schonberg, Harold C.,赫洛德・荀伯格著。陳琳琳譯。《歌劇、歌曲、華爾滋》。台北：
萬象出版社。1993。

吳品萱。〈科特˙懷爾《三毛錢歌劇》之研究〉。東吳大學碩士論文，2003。

曾道雄。《歌劇藝術之理念與實踐》。台北：東和音樂。1997二版。

劉志明。《西方歌劇史》。台北：全音樂譜出版社。1995。

劉志明。《西洋音樂史與風格》。台北：全音樂譜出版社。1986。

薛雅琦。〈伯恩斯坦輕歌劇「憨第德」之音樂素材運用〉。國立臺灣師範大學碩士論
文，2003。

外文書目

Abbate, Carolyn. In search of opera, Princeton, N.J, Princeton University Press, 2001.

Bauer, Marion. Twentieth Century Music: How it Developed, How to Listen to It.
New York, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1947.

Bancroft, Caroline. Augusta Tabor: Her Side of the Scandal, Boulder, Johnson
Publishing Company, 1955.

Bancroft, Caroline. Silver Queen: The Fabulous Story of Baby Doe Tabor, Boulder,
Johnson Publishing Company, 1955.

Bloom, Julius. The Year in American Music 1946-1947. New York, Allen, Towne/Heath,
1947.

Brown, Robert L. Central City and Gilpin County: Then and Now, Caldwell, Idaho, The
Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1994.

Cooke, Mervyn. The Cambridge to Twentieth-Century Opera. Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Corse, Sandra. Operatic subjects: the evolution of self in modern opera, Madison
NJ, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2000.

Davis, Ronald L. A History of Opera in the American West. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1965.

Dizikes, John. Opera in America: a cultural history, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1993.

Drossin, Julius & Martin, William R. Music of the Twentieth Century,
Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1980.

Drummond, Andrew H. American Opera Librettos. Metuchen, New Jersey, The Scarecrow Press, 1973.
Hardee, Lewis J., Jr. "The Perils of Baby Doe," Columbia Library Columns, New York, Friends of the Columbia Libraries, November 1973, Vol. XXIII, Issue #1.
Johnson, Charles A. Opera in the Rockies: A History of the Central City Opera House Association 1932-1992. Central City Opera House Association, 1992.
Mills, Derek M. Ever Young, An American Epic, Washington, D.C., The Washington Opera, Issue 73, Winter 1996-97.
Kanzeg, David G. The Ballad of Baby Doe and the American Spirit, Cleveland, January 2003.
Kanzeg, David G. The Ballad of Baby Doe and the American Spirit, Cleveland, January 2003.

Kirk, Elise K. American Opera, University of Illinois Press, 2005.

Kornick, Rebecca Hodell. Recent American opera: a production guide, New York,
Columbia University Press, 1990.

Larue, C. Steven, ed. and Shrimpton, Leanda, pic.ed. International Directionary of
Opera. Detroit, St. James Press, 1993.

Martin, George. Twentieth Century Opera A Guide, Limelight Editions, New York, 1999.

Posell, Elsa Z. American Composers. Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1963.

Rabin, Carol Price. Music festivals in America: classical, opera, jazz, pops, country,
old-time fiddlers, folk, bluegrass, Cajun, Great Barrington Mass, Berkshire Traveller Press, 1990.

Smith, Duane A., with Moriarty, John. The Ballad of Baby Doe "I Shall Walk Beside My
Love." Boulder, University Press of Colorado, 2002.

Suskin, Steven. Opening Night on Broadway: A Critical Quotebook of the Golden era of the Musical Theatre, Oklahoma! (1943) to Fiddler on the Roof (1964). New York, Schirmer Books, 1990.

Weitzel, Jay Harold. A melodic analysis of selected vocal solos in the operas of Douglas
Moore, New York University, Ph.D., 1971.

Young, Allen. Opera in Central City. Denver, Spectrographics, Inc., 1993.

Zietz, Karyl Lynn. Opera companies and houses of the United States: a comprehensive,
illustrated reference, Jefferson, N.C, McFarland, 1995.

樂譜

Moore, Douglas. The Ballad of Baby Doe. Chappell Music Company.

影音資料

Fleming, Renée I want magic!-American Opera Arias. Decca Music Group Limited, 1998. B000V6ONFG.

Moore, Douglas The Ballad of Baby Doe. Text by Latouche, John. Buckley, Emerson, conductor MGM, 1958. MGM3GC-1, Heliodor, 1963. H/HS 25035-3, Deutsche Grammophon, 1976. DG 2709 061.

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