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研究生: 裴榮康
Pei, Rong-Kang
論文名稱: 探討商業空間中空間色調、背景音樂節奏與環境氣味對於消費者行為之影響
The Effect of Main Color, and Background Music Rhythm, and Environmental Smell In Commercial on Consumer Behavior
指導教授: 林慧斐
Lin, Hui-Fei
口試委員: 蔣旭政
Chiang, Hsu-Cheng
施琮仁
Shih, Tsung-Jen
林慧斐
Lin, Hui-Fei
口試日期: 2021/10/06
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 大眾傳播研究所
Graduate Institute of Mass Communication
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 160
中文關鍵詞: 感官行銷商業空間氛圍營造消費者行為
英文關鍵詞: Sensory Marketing, Commercial Space, Atmosphere Creation, Consumer Behavior
研究方法: 實驗設計法
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101580
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:119下載:39
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  • 感官行銷的複雜性與交互性,對於商業空間經營業者而言是一大難點也有著相當程度的重要性,而這種行銷方式的具體表現在商業空間中氛圍之營造。同時,在Covid-19疫情延燒全球的當下,實體商業空間經營均都受到一定程度之影響,在後疫情時代實體商業空間透過何種行銷方式抓住消費者成為各大業者需要思考的重要議題,本研究以感官行銷為研究背景,採用2(空間背景音樂:快節奏 vs.慢節奏)x 2(空間主色調:暖紅色 vs. 冷藍色)x 2(空間環境氣味:低喚起 vs. 高喚起)三因子之組間實驗設計,討論三者在商業空間之環境中,對於消費者行為與態度的影響(品牌態度、購買意願與口碑推薦意願)。
    本研究結果證實,(1)暖色調紅色的空間色調,相較於冷色調藍色的空間色調,會使消費者有較為正面的品牌態度;(2)當空間色調為暖色調(紅色)時,搭配快節奏背景音樂、當空間色調為冷色調(藍色)時,搭配慢節奏背景音樂能夠引發其產生較為正面的品牌態度、較強的購買意願與口碑推薦意願;(3)當空間色調為暖色調(紅色)搭配高喚起(葡萄柚)環境氣味或冷色調(藍色)搭配低喚起(薰衣草)環境氣味之商業空間時,均可產生較為正面的品牌態度、較強的購買意願與口碑推薦意願;(4)當背景音樂為快節奏背景音樂時搭配高喚起(葡萄柚)環境氣味或慢節奏背景音樂搭配低喚起(薰衣草)環境氣味之商業空間時,均可產生較為正面的品牌態度、較強的購買意願與口碑推薦意願;(5)當空間色調暖色調(紅色),空間背景音樂為快節奏,同時環境氣味為高喚起(葡萄柚)氣味場景時與受試者處於冷色調(藍色),空間背景音樂為慢節奏,同時環境氣味為低喚起(薰衣草)氣味場景時,均使得消費者產生較為正面的品牌態度、較強之購買行為與較高之口碑推薦意願。
    關鍵字:感官行銷、商業空間、氛圍營造、消費者行為

    The complexity and interactivity of sensory marketing, which specifically manifested in the creation of atmosphere in the commercial space, not only has a considerable degree of importance but also become a major difficulty for commercial space operators. Meanwhile, as the Covid-19 epidemic spreads across the world, the operations of physical commercial spaces are all affected to a certain extent. In the post-epidemic era, therefore, how to use marketing approaches to recapture the attention of consumers in business space has become a vital issue for major businesses to consider. This research conducts sensory marketing as the research background, using three sets of vaiables, background music: fast tempo vs. slow tempo, main color: warm red vs. cold blue, and environmental odor: low arousal vs. high arousal, as the basis for analysis of experiements to discuss the impact of the three factors on consumer behaviors and attitudes, including brand attitude, purchase intention, and word-of-mouth recommendation intention, in the commercial space.
    The results of this research have confirmed that (1) compared with the cool blue spatial tone, the warm red spatial tone will make consumers have a more positive brand attitude;(2) When the color tone of space is warm (red), matching fast-paced background music, or when the tone is cool (blue), matching slow-paced background music, both combinations can lead to a more positive brand attitude, stronger purchase willingness as well as word-of-mouth recommendation; (3) When the color tone is warm (red) with a high evocative (grapefruit) environmental scent or a cool color (blue) with a low evocative (lavender) environmental scent in a commercial space, both combinations can produce a more positive brand attitude, strong purchase willingness and word-of-mouth recommendation; (4) When the background music is fast-paced background music with high evocative (grapefruit) environmental scent or slow-paced background music with low evocative (lavender) environmental scent in a commercial space, both combinations produce a more positive brand attitude, strong purchase willingness and word-of-mouth recommendation; (5) When the color tone is warm (red), and the background music is fast-paced, with a high evocative (grapefruit) environmental scent, or when the color toneis cool (blue), and the background music is slow-paced, with low evocative (lavender) environmental scent in a commercial space, both combinations can create a more positive brand attitude, strong purchase willingness and word-of-mouth recommendation.

    Keywords: Sensory Marketing, Commercial Space, Atmosphere Creation, Consumer Behavior

    謝辭 I 摘要 III Abstract IV 目錄 VI 表目錄 X 圖目錄 XI 第壹章 緒論 1 第一節、研究背景、動機與目的 1 第二節、研究問題 8 第貳章 文獻探討 9 第一節、感官行銷 9 一、感官行銷的定義 9 二、商業空間視角下的感官行銷理論邏輯 12 三、感官行銷與環境刺激Stimulus-Organism-Response(SOR)理論 15 第二節、商業空間 17 一、商業空間的定義 17 二、氣氛美學與空間 21 三、情境營造 24 第三節、空間色調 28 一、空間色調的界定之冷暖色調 28 二、空間色調對於消費者情緒的影響 29 三、空間色調對於消費者購物行為的影響 30 四、小結 31 第四節、背景音樂 32 一、背景音樂的定義 32 二、背景音樂節奏的定義及屬性 34 三、背景音樂對於消費者情緒的影響 35 四、背景音樂對於消費者購物行爲的影響 37 五、小結 38 第五節、環境氣味 39 一、環境氣味的定義 39 二、環境氣味對於消費者情緒的影響 40 三、環境氣味對於消費者購物行為的影響 42 四、小結 44 第六節、背景音樂節奏、空間色調、環境氣味之間的關係 45 第七節、消費者行為 46 第八節、假設推導 49 一、視覺與品牌態度、購買意願、口碑推薦意願的關係 49 二、聽覺與品牌態度、購買意願、口碑推薦意願的關係 50 三、嗅覺與品牌態度、購買意願、口碑推薦意願的關係 52 四、視覺和聽覺的交互作用 54 五、視覺和嗅覺的交互作用 56 六、聽覺和嗅覺的交互作用 57 七、聽覺、視覺和嗅覺的交互作用 58 第參章 研究方法 60 第一節、研究架構 60 第二節、實驗設計與刺激物 61 一、實驗設計 61 二、刺激物 62 第三節、前測 66 第四節 依變項 70 一、品牌態度 70 二、購買意願 70 三、口碑推薦意願 71 第五節、主實驗刺激物呈現、實驗程式製作與實驗過程 73 一、主實驗刺激物之呈現 73 二、實驗程式製作 76 三、實驗過程 78 第肆章 研究結果 79 第一節、樣本結構與敘述統計 79 第二節、信度分析 82 第三節、正式實驗之操弄檢定 83 一、空間色調操弄檢定結果 83 二、背景音樂節奏操弄檢定 84 三、環境氣味操弄檢定 85 第四節、研究假設之驗證 86 一、空間色調對消費者行為之影響 90 二、背景音樂節奏對消費者行為之影響 91 三、環境氣味對消費者行為之影響 92 四、空間色調、背景音樂節奏對消費者行為之影響 92 五、空間色調、環境氣味對消費行為之交互效果 95 六、背景音樂節奏、環境氣味對消費者行為之影響 98 七、空間色調、背景音樂節奏及環境氣味對消費行為之影響 101 第五節、研究假設檢定結果 107 第伍章 結論與建議 110 第一節、研究發現與討論 111 一、當空間色調為暖色調(紅色)時,可以直接影響消費者行為 112 二、商業空間中,背景音樂節奏、環境氣味對與消費者行為之影響 114 三、空間色調與背景音樂節奏對於消費者行為有顯著交互作用影響 115 四、空間色調與環境氣味對於消費者行為有顯著交互作用影響 116 五、背景音樂節奏與環境氣味對於消費者行為有顯著的交互作用 117 六、空間色調、背景音樂節奏及環境氣味對消費者行為之交互作用 118 第二節、研究貢獻 120 一、學術貢獻 120 二、實務貢獻 121 第三節、研究限制 123 一、實驗設計之限制 123 二、實驗刺激物之限制 124 第四節、未來研究方向與建議 125 一、嘗試以其他環境氣味屬性類別進行研究 125 二、探討加入其他感知因素對商業空間中消費者行為是否存在不同影響 125 三、加入影響消費者決策變項進行研究探討 126 參考文獻 128 附錄一:前測問卷 156 附錄二:主實驗問卷 158

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