背景：過去已有統合分析指出運動對於認知功能具有正面的效果，同時也有研究指出咖啡因不但可以改善運動表現，也有助於提升認知功能，惟目前對於固定距離的最大努力運動結合咖啡因增補對認知功能之影響仍有待釐清。目的：探討咖啡因增補對認知功能及10公里跑步表現的影響。方法：招募10名健康男性，採雙盲、重覆量數且平衡次序方式進行兩次實驗處理，分別於增補每公斤體重6毫克咖啡因或安慰劑45分鐘後，進行10公里跑步計時測驗，且在咖啡因增補前、增補後40分鐘及跑步計時測驗結束後立即進行叫色測驗。結果：運動前增補咖啡因能顯著減短10公里跑步之完成時間 (咖啡因 vs. 安慰劑：49.03 ± 6.36 mins vs. 50.80 ± 7.40 mins)(p < .05)，且運動過程中之心跳率及自覺努力程度與安慰劑處理間無顯著差異。在認知功能方面，增補咖啡因在運動後及增補後40分鐘顯著提升不一致情境中之正確率 (運動後 vs. 增補後 vs. 增補前：92.90 ± 6.44 % vs. 91.10 ± 7.37 % vs. 84.50 ± 9.34 %)(p < .05)。不論一致情境或不一致情境運動後之反應時間皆顯著低於增補後，增補後亦顯著低於增補前(一致性情境：454.53 ± 15.00 ms vs. 491.94 ± 17.71 ms vs. 515.78 ± 18.27 ms；不一致性情境：498.08 ± 22.02 ms vs. 529.80 ± 27.19 ms vs. 555.66 ± 27.92 ms) (p < .05)，且增補咖啡因亦顯著降低不一致情境中之反應時間 (咖啡因 vs. 安慰劑：513.79 ± 27.31 ms vs. 541.91 ± 24.41 ms)(p < .05)。結論：增補咖啡因能有效提升10公里跑步計時測驗運動表現，且咖啡因可以提升不一致情境的正確率及縮短反應時間，但結合最大努力運動對正確率及反應時間並沒有加成的效果。

Background: The previous meta-analysis has identified that exercise has a positive effect on cognitive function. Studies also found that caffeine not only can enhance physical performance but also improve cognitive function. However, the effect of fixed-distance maximal effort exercise combined with caffeine supplementation on cognitive function still unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of caffeine supplementation on cognitive function and 10-km running time trial performance. Method: 10 healthy males were recruited. Before 45 minutes 10-km running time trial was performed, each participate were supplemented with either caffeine (6 mg/kg) or placebo in a double-blind, repeated and counterbalanced design. Stroop test was performed before supplementation, 40 minutes after supplementation, and immediately after the running. Results: Caffeine supplementation shorter the completion time of a 10-km running time trial (CAF vs. PLA: 49.03 ± 6.36 mins vs. 50.80 ± 7.40 mins)(p < .05), and there is no difference in heart rate and RPE between trials. In cognitive function, caffeine supplementation improves accuracy in incongruent conditions after exercise (post-ex vs. post-s vs. pre-s: 92.90 ± 6.44 % vs. 91.10 ± 7.37 % vs. 84.50 ± 9.34 %)(p < .05). Regardless of the congruent or incongruent condition, the reaction time after exercise is significantly faster than post-supplementation, and post-supplementation significantly faster than pre-supplementation (congruent condition: 454.53 ± 15.00 ms vs. 491.94 ± 17.71 ms vs. 515.78 ± 18.27 ms; incongruent condition: 498.08 ± 22.02 ms vs. 529.80 ± 27.19 ms vs. 555.66 ± 27.92 ms) (p < .05), and caffeine supplementation also reduces reaction times in incongruent condition (CAF vs. PLA: 513.79 ± 27.31 ms vs. 541.91 ± 24.41 ms)(p < .05). Conclusion: Caffeine not only improves 10-km running time trial performance but also improves the accuracy and shorten the reaction time of incongruent condition. However, combined with maximum effort exercise has no synergistic effect on the accuracy and reaction time.

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