本研究以三元影響理論（the theory of triadic influence）為研究架構，旨在探討臺灣高中生衝動性、焦慮情緒、拒用智慧型手自我效能與智慧型手機沉迷之關聯，並檢驗衝動性與智慧型手機沉迷的追蹤關聯中，焦慮情緒和拒用智慧型手機自我效能之序列中介效果。本研究以臺灣高中生為研究對象，進行立意取樣，並以縱貫性研究方法，分別於兩個時間點進行問卷施測。第一個時間點（T1）預計施測人數為1,582位高中生，最終取得1,258份有效問卷，故有效樣本回收率為79.52%；第二個時間點（T2）則進行追蹤施測、取得1,150份有效追蹤問卷，故有效樣本追蹤率為91.41%。本研究工具包含：個人資料表、簡版智慧型手機沉迷量表、簡式衝動性量表、憂鬱焦慮壓力量表之焦慮情緒分量表，以及拒用智慧型手機自我效能量表。本研究採用描述性統計分析、皮爾森相關分析、迴歸分析，以及使用SPSS PROCESS外掛模組進行序列中介模式檢定。研究結果顯示：（1）高中生平均每週使用智慧型手機的時間為33.72小時（SD = 20.36）；（2）衝動性（T1）和智慧型手機沉迷（T2）呈顯著正相關且可正向預測智慧型手機沉迷（T2）；（3）焦慮情緒（T2）和智慧型手機沉迷（T2）呈顯著正相關且可正向預測智慧型手機沉迷（T2）；（4）拒用智慧型手機自我效能（T2）和智慧型手機沉迷呈顯著負相關且可負向預測智慧型手機沉迷（T2）；（5）焦慮情緒（T2）和拒用智慧型手機自我效能（T2）可序列中介衝動性（T1）對智慧型手機沉迷（T2）的預測關係。本研究驗證了三元影響理論於解釋臺灣高中生智慧型手機沉迷之成因歷程的適切性，並且提出具體建議供實務工作者參考。

Based on the Theory of Triadic Influence, this study aims to investigate the relationship between impulsivity, anxiety, smartphone refusal self-efficacy, and smartphone addiction among senior high school students in Taiwan. Furthermore, it examines the sequential mediation effects of anxiety and smartphone refusal self-efficacy on the longitudinal relationship between impulsivity and smartphone addiction.
This study employs a purposive sampling method and a longitudinal research design, administering questionnaires at two different time points. At the first time point (T1), 1,582 senior high school students in Taiwan were surveyed, yielding 1,258 valid responses, with a response rate of 79.52%. At the second time point (T2), 1,150 valid follow-up questionnaires were obtained, with a follow-up rate of 91.41%. The research instruments included a demographic questionnaire, the Short-Form Smartphone Addiction Inventory, the Short Form of Impulsive Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21), and Smartphone Refusal Self-Efficacy Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis, regression analysis, and the SPSS PROCESS macro for sequential mediation modeling were employed to analyze the data.
The results revealed that: (1) On average, senior high school students used their smartphones for 33.72 hours per week (SD = 20.36); (2) impulsivity (T1) was significantly positively correlated with and predictive of smartphone addiction (T2); (3) anxiety (T2) was significantly positively correlated with and predictive of smartphone addiction (T2); (4) smartphone refusal self-efficacy (T2) was significantly negatively correlated with and predictive of smartphone addiction (T2); and (5) anxiety (T2) and smartphone refusal self-efficacy (T2) sequentially mediated the relationship between impulsivity (T1) and smartphone addiction (T2).
This study validates the applicability of the Theory of Triadic Influence in explaining the developmental process of smartphone addiction among Taiwanese senior high school students and provides practical suggestions for practitioners.

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