本研究旨在探討即興訓練的內容與特質，並發現即興訓練對鋼琴教學的助益，以肯定其重要性，最後提供鋼琴即興訓練教學策略。 本論文主要採用歷史研究法與文獻分析法，輔以訪談法。經過分析研究，得到研究結果如下：一、即興演奏在西洋藝術音樂史中，一直占有重要的分量，至十九世紀晚期逐漸沒落，二十世紀的即興只有風琴樂、機遇音樂與爵士樂。從即興演奏歷史中歸納出即興的方式有兩大類：就既有作品加上即興，另一類為小品即興。二、即興訓練內容包含：記憶聽奏與移調練習、樂理概念與即興練習、欣賞與分析。三、今日鋼琴教學趨向綜合性學習內容，但其中的移調、配伴奏等即興創作訓練尚未被普遍實踐。四、即興訓練對達成鋼琴教學目標有諸多助益，所以應將它納入鋼琴教學中。五、鋼琴即興訓練教學策略包含靈活的教學技巧與重視創作過程的評鑑態度。 研究結果顯示，即興訓練對達成鋼琴教學目標有相當多的助益，所以它的重要性應被重視。即興訓練應被納入鋼琴教學中，以增強學生音樂認知、技能與情意的學習，真正達到鋼琴教學的目標－培養具音樂表達性的演奏者。

The purpose of the study is to find out the characters of improvisation training, its benefits to piano teaching, and the strategy for improvisation training.
The study chiefly used historical method and statement method including analysis of literature and interviews. The conclusions of the study are as follows: 1.Improvisation has been an important feature of western music performance.Though it declined in the last half of nineteen century, organ music survived today and aleatory music is another kind of improvisation which is quite different from the traditional ones. There are two categories of improvisation: one is the supplying of a part which is not fully notated;the other is the creation of a piece in some standard form.
2.The contents of improvisation training includes three parts: playing by ear and transposition, theory and improvisation, appreciation and analysis.
3.Though piano teaching inclines to comprehensive training nowadays,transposition, harmonization and improvisation are seldom practiced in piano teaching in Taiwan.
4.Improvisation training may contribute a lot to reaching the goals of piano teaching, it should be practiced in piano teaching.
5.The strategy for improvisation training are divergent and flexible teaching techniques and the teachers should count the process as the most important thing in evaluartion.
According to the results of the study, improvisation training contributes a lot to reaching the goals of piano teaching and its importance shouldn't be neglected anymore. Improvisation training should be included in piano teaching to improve students' learning in knowledge, technique and affective aspect in piano playing, it helps reaching the final aim of piano teaching - an expressive piano player.