摘 要
東陞蘇鐵小灰蝶（Chilades pandava peripatria）為台灣特有亞種，幼蟲以台灣特有之台東蘇鐵（Cycas taitungenesis）及非台灣原生之蘇鐵（Cycas revoluta）的植物嫩葉為食。1997年11月至1999年4月期間選定樣區，觀測蘇鐵植物之新葉生長發育，同時估算東陞蘇鐵小灰蝶族群量以探究其相互影響。此外，自樣區採集幼蟲飼養成蝶，進行同功異構酵素澱粉膠水平電泳，分析其族群遺傳結構，檢驗出19個酵素26個基因座，僅Pgm-1為多型性。
東陞蘇鐵小灰蝶的關聯族群結構以南部之台東紅葉及中部之彰化二地區為關聯族群中長期維繫之地區族群，二地區族群之基因頻率不同且為變異度頗高的族群核心(台東紅葉：p = 0.154；彰化：p = 0.416)。二地區族群之間的遺傳分化估算值FST = 0.176，顯示地區族群之間有隔離分化的現象，但彼此間仍有基因流傳。
蘇鐵植物周年之新葉生長發育變動及東陞蘇鐵小灰蝶族群量變化構成環境優劣狀態，影響東陞蘇鐵小灰蝶地區族群基因頻率的差異及基因頻率的變動。由此推測，南及中部二地區族群間之隔離分化非全由遺傳漂變所造成的，其遺傳多型性未因瓶頸效應作用而消失，可能係平衡選汰的結果。
從東陞蘇鐵小灰蝶族群動態及台東蘇鐵之蘇鐵植物周年之新葉生長發育表現來看，台東蘇鐵開芽期之間斷可抑制東陞蘇鐵小灰蝶族群之過度繁衍，東陞蘇鐵小灰蝶族群處於擴散之遷移模式，族群遺傳結構以Pgm-1S為優勢，；而台東蘇鐵開芽期間，東陞蘇鐵小灰蝶族群之Pgm-1F頻率則增加，族群則採以駐地模式為主。兩物種之間，呈現共同演化之交互迴饋現象。
關鍵詞：東陞蘇鐵小灰蝶、台東蘇鐵、同功異構酵素、關聯族群、平衡選汰、物候學、共同演化。

ABSTRACT
Chilades pandava peripatria is native subspecies in Taiwan. Caterpillars feed on young leaves of Cycas taitungensis (native species) and Cycas revoluta (foreign species). During November 1997 to April 1999, we recorded the development of cycad leaf and the population size index of C. pandava peripatria once a month to study interaction between them. Sampling caterpillars from the experiment areas to feed in laboratory until emergence, then proceeded starch gel horizontal electrophoresis. We checked out 19 allozymes 26 loci, only Pgm-1 polymorphic.
In the structure of C. pandava peripatria metapopulation, there are two long-persistent local areas were recognized as population centers therein: one is at Huang-yeh, Taitung, southern Taiwan; the other is at Chang-hua, central Taiwan. Evident heterozygosity in allozyme frequency was observed (Huang-yeh: p = 0.154; Chang-hua: p = 0.416). The estimated value of Wright’s F statistics FST was 0.176, indicating high degree of population differentiation.
The differences and fluctuations of gene frequencies is correlated with environmental quality, which is composed of resource richness and local butterfly population sizes. Polymorphism in gene frequency of the butterfly population was not diminished due to frequent bottlenecking imposed by its host, such pattern is best explained by balancing selection rather than by genetic drift alone.
From observations to population dynamics of C. pandava peripatria responding to the phenology of C. taitungensis, it was that C. pandava peripatria population dynamics was abviously regulated by intermittent budding of C. taitungensis. During the periods when the new bud was in short supply, C. pandava peripatria population was in dispersal mode, with individuals emigrated from source to sink and Pgm-1S gene was dominant,. Alternatively, Pgm-1F in C. pandava peripatria population increased when C. taitungensis began budding, C. pandava peripatria population was mainly in stay-at-home mode. This phenomenon evidently demonstrated reciprocal evolutionary interaction of coevolution between the butterfly and its host.
Key words: Chilades pandava peripatria, Cycas taitungensis, allozymes, metapopulation, balancing selection, phenology, coevolution.

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