摘要
本研究自1994~1998年於太魯閣國家公園關原地區之人造二葉松林內進行，以使用巢箱繁殖之青背山雀(Parus monlicolus）、煤山雀（Parus ater）及棕面鶯（Abroscopus albogularis）等三鳥種之巢箱位置選擇及生殖資料為研究對象，所收集之資料用以驗證以下二項假說：（一）靠近巢區外部巢箱相對於內部巢箱為各鳥種之較佳巢位；而使用者有較佳之生殖表現。（二）具舊巢材巢箱相對於不具舊巢材巢箱為較佳巢位，而使用者也有較佳之生殖表現。
所收集之資料依其完整性及作用分類如下：1、鳥種資料：分為煤山雀、青背山雀及棕面鶯合計（ALL）、煤山雀和青背山雀合計（CAG）、及棕面鶯（WFW）等三類型。2、巢箱依所在位置：分為外部巢箱（18個）及內部巢箱（12個）二種。3、巢箱依巢材存在狀態：分為不具舊巢材巢箱（NOM）、具完整舊巢材巢箱（OMT-O）及不具完整舊巢材巢箱（OMT-X）等三類型；而其中具舊巢材巢箱又分為煤山雀和青背山雀完整舊巢材（CAG-O）、煤山雀和青背山雀不完整舊巢材（CAG-X）、棕面鶯完整舊巢材（WFW-O）、棕面鶯不完整舊巢材（WFW-X）、茶腹鳲完整舊巢材（ENO-O）、茶腹鳲不完整舊巢材（ENO-X）條紋松鼠完整舊巢材（FSS-O）等七種巢材組成類型。4、生殖表現介量：包括使用巢箱數量、繁殖成功巢箱數量、繁殖巢次、繁殖巢次、繁殖成功率、使用時間之優先順序、同樣區不同巢次之巢箱數量、二巢次以上之巢箱及巢次數量等項目之比較。
研究結果顯示，各鳥種之空間分佈，不論煤山雀、青背山雀及棕面鶯合計（ALL）、煤山雀和青背山雀合計（CAG）及棕面鶯（WFW）等三類鳥種資料之巢位選擇皆呈現均勻分佈狀態（uniform distribution），顯示個體間領域性之重要及巢位競爭壓力之存在。
各類鳥種使用外部及內部巢箱各項生殖介量之比較，統計結果雖僅少數生殖季樣區之比較支持假說並達顯著差異水準，然而於單位巢箱之各項生殖介量之比較方面，除了使用時間優先順序之比較不計及單位巢箱出現三巢次之巢數外，16個生殖季樣區之合計比較皆以外部巢箱之生殖表現優於內部巢箱，而各生殖季樣區分開比較外部巢箱優於內部巢箱所佔之比例如下：單位使用巢箱數(ALL:75%；CAG:75%；WFW:73.3%)、單位繁殖成功巢箱數(ALL:81.3%；CAG:68.8%；WFW:78.6%)、單位繁殖巢次(ALL:68.8%；CAG:62.5%；WFW:73.3%)、單位繁殖成功巢次(ALL:68.8%；CAG:62.5%；WFW:71.4%)、單位巢箱出現單巢次之巢箱數(佔81.3%)及單位巢箱出現二巢次之巢箱數(佔60%)等，此結果顯示仍有較多資料支持外部巢箱為較佳巢位之假說。
聚舊巢材及不具舊巢材巢箱為各鳥種之使用情形比較，於單位使用巢箱數、單位成功巢箱數、單位繁殖巢次及單位成功巢次之比較，皆以不具舊巢材巢箱之使用率及生殖表現為佳，而使用時間優先順序之分析則未達顯著差異水準，此結果不支持具舊巢材巢箱為較佳巢位之假說；至於煤山雀及青背山雀合計（CAG）及棕面鶯(WFW)之比較，則棕面鶯對使用此二類巢箱之各項生殖介量比較之差異，皆小於煤山雀及青背山雀合計之差異，此結果可能和各鳥種使用巢材之特性有關。另外各類巢材狀態巢箱為所有物種（包括煤山雀、青背山雀、棕面鶯、茶腹鳲及條紋松鼠）使用情形之比較，不論單位使用巢箱數、單位成功巢箱數、單位繁殖巢次及單位成功巢次，皆以棕面鶯完整舊巢材巢箱（WFW-O）之使用情形優於煤山雀和青背山雀完整舊巢材（CAG-O）巢箱；顯示前者較為各物種所喜好；另外煤山雀和青背山雀及棕面鶯對各類巢材狀態巢箱之選擇，仍以選擇同類留下之舊巢材巢箱較多，顯示各鳥種對特定巢位及巢材之偏好。另外影響本研究各鳥種巢位選擇之因子可能還包括：外寄生蟲、巢捕食作用、過去之生殖經驗、巢位忠誠度或歸家傾向及各物種本身之生殖習性等因子。

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