感覺動作節律（SMR）活動與運動執行中的自動化和流暢有關。根據之前的研究，神經回饋訓練可以有效提高運動表現。然而，研究很少充分探索更具備實用價值的單次訓練和針對職業選手的應用。本研究招募了 40 名慣用右手的職業高爾夫選手。透過交叉設計和塊狀隨機分配確定參與神經回饋訓練和控制條件的次序。參與者被要求進行 10 英尺共180球推桿任務，在兩個情境的任務相同，同時在神經回饋訓練前後記錄腦電圖（EEG）。本研究透過視覺類比量表來檢測前測和後測不同情境下注意力、控制感以及放鬆程度的差異。透過相依樣本 t 檢驗進行統計分析以檢驗兩種情境之間的差異。我們發現，與控制情境相比，神經回饋訓練在提高推桿表現（p = 0.006）和 SMR 功率（p = 0.011）方面是有效的。透過視覺類比量表我們還發現，與控制情境相比，神經回饋訓練後的參與者對動作細節的注意力（p < 0.000）和控制感（p < 0.000）顯著降低，並且在身體放鬆程度上變得更加放鬆（p = 0.009）。這項研究突破了以往研究的缺口，揭示了單次性提升SMR神經回饋訓練可以提高職業高爾夫選手動作準備前的SMR功率與推桿表現。未來的研究建議增加保留測驗來檢驗單次性神經回饋訓練的保留效果，進而提高在實際領域的應用價值。

Sensory-motor rhythm (SMR) activity has been associated with automaticity and flow in motor execution. According to previous study, neurofeedback training (NFT) could be effective in improving sport performance. However, studies have rarely adequately explored the applica-tion of single session NFT, which deemed to carry higher practical value, and targeting on pro-fessional players.
Forty right-handed professional golfers were recruited for this study. A crossover design and blocks random assignment were used to determine he order of participation in neuro feed-back training and control condition.. Participants were asked to perform a 10-foot putt while electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded before and after neuro feedback training. Moreo-ver, several visual analog scales (VAS) were used to assess attention, perceived control, and re-laxation in different conditions in pre-test and post-test. Paired t tests were performed to test the differences between the two scenarios.
Results showed that neurofeedback training was effective in increasing SMR power (p = 0.011) and improving putting performance (p = 0.006) compared to control situations. Through the subjective assessment of VAS scales, we also found that compared with the control condi-tion, the participants significantly reduced the attention (p < 0.000) and control (p < 0.000) of the motor details, and became more relaxed after the NFT (p = 0.009).
This study broke through gaps in previous study, revealing that single session SMR NFT was effective in enhancing the control of SMR power and improving putting performance in professional golfers. Future studies could add a retention test to quantify the length of this train-ing effect, so as to provide information for employing this single session NFT in the field.

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