運動影響人體免疫功能變化的可能因素包括運動型態、受試者年齡與體能狀況等，甚至於性別也可能會造成影響。而在免疫系統方面研究亦證實，人體免疫細胞中的T細胞、巨噬細胞具有雌激素受體。由於雌激素是重要的女性激素之一，在女性體內雌激素濃度會隨著不同月經週期產生波動。因此，本研究主要探討女性在不同月經週期從事衰竭運動測驗對於白血球數目與淋巴細胞亞群比例之影響，以期盼本研究結果能夠提供女性作為在運動時健康保健的參考資訊。本實驗共招募10名規律月經週期女性為受試者，但完成實驗全程者共8人（平均年齡為21.66±1.29歲；平均身高為164.38±6.26公分；平均體重為56.81±6.01公斤）。所有受試者在月經週期之濾泡中期以及黃體中期各進行一次原地踏車衰竭運動測驗，結果發現：1.雌激素濃度在黃體中期顯著高於濾泡中期（23.48±17.88 pg/ml VS. 0.78±0.23 pg/ml，p< .05）。2.單核球數目在濾泡中期運動後立即顯著高於運動前（p< .05），在黃體期運動前後則沒有差異（p> .05）。3.總白血球、淋巴球數目以及淋巴細胞亞群（T_h細胞、T_c細胞、B細胞以及NK細胞）比例在不同月經週期從事衰竭運動前後沒有差異（p> .05）。4.總白血球數目在黃體期顯著高於濾泡期（p< .05）。5.總白血球數、淋巴球數目、T_h細胞及NK細胞比例在運動後立即顯著提升（p< .05），而T_c細胞、B細胞比例在運動前後則無差異（p> .05）。由結果可發現白血球數目在不同月經週期確實存在著差異，但單次衰竭運動前後卻沒有顯著差異存在，其原因可能為受試者差異較大所致，建議未來探討相關研究可以增加受試者人數，同時增加整個運動期間女性激素濃度採血樣本，以進一步了解各項免疫細胞數值是否和女性激素具有相關性。

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