簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 楊逸中
Yang, Yi-Chung
論文名稱: 企業社會責任在企業負面資訊下對消費者的影響-以頂新集團味全龍為例
The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer after Negative Information–A Case Study of Weichuan Dragons, Ting Hsin International Group
指導教授: 朱文增
Chu, Wen-Tseng
口試委員: 黃煜 楊志顯 朱文增
口試日期: 2021/07/28
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 運動休閒與餐旅管理研究所運動休閒與餐旅管理碩士在職專班
Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management_Continuing Education Master's Program of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 122
中文關鍵詞: 負面資訊企業社會責任企業形象品牌態度購買意圖
英文關鍵詞: negative information, corporate social responsibility, corporate image, brand attitude, purchase intention
研究方法: 個案研究法
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101773
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:110下載:22
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 企業在追求利益最大化的同時,履行「取之於社會,用之於社會」的企業社會責任,也在近年來成為提升公司形象的重要商業策略之一。本研究的目的是檢視當企業產生負面報導時,企業社會責任的相關活動,是否能降低負面資訊對企業形象的損害,並同時考量服務品質與顧客承諾,以探討對消費者行為的影響。
    本研究以2014年頂新油品案之負面報導作為研究背景,並藉由頂新集團子公司味全龍棒球隊之網路相關論壇來發放問卷,再以統計方法來驗證研究假設。
    問卷資料經統計分析後,發現企業負面資訊對其形象有著顯著負相關;企業形象對於品牌態度有著顯著正相關;品牌態度對購買意圖有顯著正相關。而企業社會責任,除了對企業形象有顯著正相關外,並同時負向調節負面資訊對企業形象的影響,降低對公司帶來的衝擊。
    研究結果除了能提供學術上之參考以外,也能成為管理階層於企業社會責任的實務操作上的依據。

    Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become of the important business strategies for enhancing the corporate image whilst presuming the greater profits. The purpose of this study is to examine whether CSR activities mend the damage generated by negative information toward corporate image. In addition, the study also investigates the correlation of corporate image and brand attitude, along with the effects on consumer behavior.
    This study takes Ting Hsin tainted oil incident in 2014 as background, and analyzes the data collected via questionnaires from the social websites regarding to the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) franchise, Weichuan Dragons, the subsidiary of Ting Hsin International Group.
    Based on the analytical data, negative information negatively correlated to corporate image, and the later one positively affects brand attitude, while purchase intention is also positively influenced by brand attitude. On the other hand, besides positively affect corporate image, CSR plays a moderator in alleviating the negative correlation between negative information and corporate image.
    The result of the study can not only be a reference for future research, also can be provided to the management for CSR practical operation.

    中文摘要 i Abstract ii Table of Contents iii List of Tables v List of Figures viii Introduction 1 Background and Motivation 1 Research Objectives 3 Literature Review 5 Negative Information 5 Corporate Social Responsibility 7 Corporate Image 9 Brand Attitude 11 Purchase Intention 13 Negative Information and Corporate Image 15 Corporate Image and Brand Attitude 16 Brand Attitude and Purchase Intention 17 Corporate Social Responsibility, Negative Information and Corporate Image 18 Research Methodology 19 Hypothesis and Research Model 19 Research Process 21 Participants 21 Research Instrument 23 Data Analysis 33 Results 35 Respondent Profile and Situation Analysis 35 Means and Standard Deviation of Items 39 Analysis of Differences of Demographic Backgrounds on Variances 42 Regression Analysis of Main Effects 60 Regression Analysis of the Effects from Moderator 67 Research Model Validation 85 Conclusion and Suggestions 86 Conclusion 86 Limitations and Suggestions 88 References 89 Appendixes 99 Appendix I: Other CBPL Franchises Preference in These Three Years 99 Appendix II: Chinese Questionnaire 119

    Aaker, D.A. (1991). Managing Brand Equity. New York, NY: The Free Press.
    Aaker, D. A., & Keller, K. L. (1990). Consumer Evaluations of Brand Extensions. Journal of Marketing, 54(1), 27-41.
    Abelson, R. P. (1988). Conviction. American Psychologist, 43, 267-275.
    Andreassen, T. W., & Lindestad, B. (1998). The effect of corporate image in the formation of customer loyalty. Journal of Service Research, 1(1), 82-92.
    Baker, S. M., & Kennedy, P. F. (1994). Death by nostalgia: A diagnosis of context-specific cases. ACR North American Advances, 21, 169-174.
    Bagozzi, R., & Burnkrant, R. (1985). Attitude Organization and the Attitude-Behavior Relation: A Reply to Dillon and Kumar. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 49, 47-57.
    Berens, G., van Riel, C., & van Bruggen, G. (2005). Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses: The Moderating Role of Corporate Brand Dominance. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), 35-48.
    Berger, I., & Mitchell, A. (1989). The Effect of Advertising on Attitude Accessibility, Attitude Confidence, and the Attitude-Behavior Relationship. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(3), 269-279.
    Blackwell, R. D., Miniard, P. W., & Engel, J. F. (2001). Consumer behavior. Ft. Worth, FL: Harcourt.
    Bloemer, J., & Ruyter, K. (2001). The impact of attitude strength on the acceptance of green services. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 9, 45-52.
    Boulding, K. E. (1956). The Image: Knowledge in Life and Society. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
    Bowen, H. R. (1953). Social responsibility of the businessman. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
    Boyd, T.C., & Mason, C.H. (1999). The Link Between Attractiveness of Extra Brand Attributes and the Adoption of Innovations. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27, 306-319. doi.org/10.1177/0092070399273002
    Bravo, R., Montaner, T., & Pina, J.M. (2012). Corporate Brand Image of Financial Institutions: a Consumer Approach. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 21(4), 232-245. doi.org/10.1108/10610421211246649
    Brown, T., & Dacin, P. (1997). The Company and the Product: Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses. Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 68-84. doi:10.2307/1252190
    Carroll, A. B. (1979). A Three Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Social Performance. Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497-505.
    Carroll, A. B. (1991). The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34(4), 39-48. doi:10.1016/0007-6813(91)90005-G.
    Chang, T.-Z., & Wildt, A. R. (1994). Price, product information, and purchase intention: An empirical study. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(1), 16-27. doi.org/10.1177/0092070394221002
    Coombs, W.T. & Holladay, S.J. (2001). An extended examination of the crisis situation: A fusion of the relational management and symbolic approaches. Journal of Public Relations Research, 13, 321-340.
    Cronin, J., & Taylor, S. (1992). Measuring Service Quality: A Reexamination and Extension. Journal of Marketing, 56(3), 55-68. doi:10.2307/1252296
    Crosby, P. B. (1979). Quality is Free: the Art of Making Quality Creation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
    Currás-Pérez, R., Bigné-Alcañiz, E., & Alvarado-Herrera, A. (2009). The Role of Self-Definitional Principles in Consumer Identification with a Socially Responsible Company. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(4), 547-564. doi:10.1007/s10551-008-0016-6
    Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15, 1-13. doi.org/10.1002/csr.132
    Dawar, N., & Pillutla, M. M. (2000). Impact of Product-Harm Crises on Brand Equity: The Moderating Role of Consumer Expectations. Journal of Marketing Research, 37(2), 215-226. doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.37.2.215.18729
    Dean, D. H. (2004). Consumer Reaction to Negative Publicity: Effects of Corporate Reputation, Response, and Responsibility for a Crisis Event. Journal of Business Communication, 41(2), 192-211. doi:10.1177/0021943603261748
    Deming, W. E. (1982). Quality, productivity, and competitive position. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
    Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K. B., & Grewal, D. (1991). The effects of price, brand, and store information on buyers, product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 28(3), 307-319.
    Easton, A. (1966). Corporate Style versus Corporate Image. Journal of Marketing Research, 3(2), 168-174.
    Eells, R., & Walton, C. C. (1969). Conceptual foundations of business. Homewood, IL: R.D. Irwin.
    Eisingerich, A. B., Rubera, G., Seifert, M., & Bhardwaj, G. (2010). Doing Good and Doing Better despite Negative Information?: The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Consumer Resistance to Negative Information. Journal of Service Research, 14(1), 60-75. doi:10.1177/1094670510389164
    Evanschitzky, H., Iyer, G. R., & Plabmann, H. (2006). The relative strength of affective commitment in securing loyalty in service relationships. Journal of Business Research, 59(12), 1207-1213.
    Falk, R. F., & Miller, N. B. (1992). A primer for soft modeling. Akron, OH: The University of Akron Press.
    Fink, J. S., Parker, H. M., Brett, M., & Higgins, J. (2009). Off-field behavior of athletes and team identification: Using social identity theory and balance theory to explain fan reactions. Journal of Sport Management, 23(2), 142-155.
    Finn, A. (1985). A Theory of the Consumer Evaluation Process for New Product Concepts. Research in Consumer Behavior, 1, 35-65.
    Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
    Fiske, S. T. (1980). Attention and weight in person perception: The impact of negative and extreme behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(6), 889-906.
    Feigenbaum, A. V. (1983). Total Quality Control. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
    Friedman, M. (1970, September 13) The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits. New York Times Magazine, 122-126.
    Garvin, D. A. (1984). What Does “Product Quality” Really Mean? MIT Sloan Management Review, 26, 25-43.
    Giovanis, A., Zondiros, D., & Tomaras, P. (2014). The antecedents of customer loyalty for broadband services: The role of service quality, emotional satisfaction and corporate image. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 148, 236-244.
    Glenberg, A. M., Webster, B. J., Mouilso, E., Havas, D., & Lindeman, L. M. (2009). Gender, emotion, and the embodiment of language comprehension. Emotion Review, 1, 151-161.
    Gray. J. G. (1986). Managing the Corporate Image: The Key to Public Trust. Westport, CT: Quoruni Books.
    Grewal, D., Krishnan, R., Baker, J., & Borin, N. (1998). The effect of store name, brand name and price discounts on consumers' evaluations and purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing, 74(3), 331-352. doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(99)80099-2
    Griffin, M., Babin, B., & Attaway, J.S. (1991). An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Negative Public Publicity on Consumer Attitudes and Intentions. Advances in Consumer Research, 18, 334-341.
    Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R. & Black, W. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Harris, R. A. (1958, July 29). How creativity in marketing can develop the image that counts: The consumer demand image. Advertising Age, 61-66
    Henderson, J. C. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and tourism: Hotel companies in Phuket, Thailand, after the Indian Ocean tsunami. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 26(1), 228-239. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2006.02.001
    Holbrook, M. B. (1993). Nostalgia and consumption preferences: Some emerging patterns of consumer tastes. Journal of Consumer research, 20(2), 245-256.
    Holloway, C. J. (2004). Marketing for tourism. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Howard, J.A. (1989. Consumer Behavior in Marketing Strategy. New York, NY: Prentice Hall.
    Hur, W. M., Kim, H., & Jang, J. H. (2015). The role of gender differences in the impact of CSR perceptions on corporate marketing outcomes. Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Mgmt., 23, 345- 357. doi: 10.1002/csr.1380.
    Jin, C. H., & Lee, J. Y. (2019). The Halo Effect of CSR Activity: Types of CSR Activity and Negative Information Effects. Sustainability, 11(7), 2067. doi:10.3390/su11072067
    Joireman, J., Smith, D., Liu, R. L., & Arthurs, J. (2015). It’s All Good: Corporate Social Responsibility Reduces Negative and Promotes Positive Responses to Service Failures Among Value-Aligned Customers. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 34(1), 32-49. doi:10.1509/jppm.13.065
    Kaiser, H. F. (1960). The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 141-151.
    Karakowsky, L., Carroll, A. B., & Buchholtz, A. K. (2005). Business and society: Ethics and stakeholder management. Toronto, Canada: Thomson Nelson.
    Keller, K.L. (1993). Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity, Journal of Marketing, 57, 1-22.
    Kennedy, S. H. (1977). Nurturing corporate images: Total communication or ego trip?. European Journal of Marketing, 1(1), 120-164.
    Kim, Y., & Lee, J. (2000). Relationship between corporate image and customer loyalty in mobile communications service markets. Africa Journal of Business Management, 4(18), 4035-4041
    Klein, J., & Dawar, N. (2004). Corporate Social Responsibility and Consumers’ Attributions and Brand Evaluations in a Product-Harm Crisis. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21, 203-217. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2003.12.003
    Ko, E., Taylor, C. R., Wagner, U., & Ji, H. (2008). Relationship among CEO image, corporate image and employment brand value in fashion industry. Journal of Global Academy of Marketing Science, 18(4), 311-331.
    Kolter, P. (2000). Marketing Management: Analysis Planning Implementation, and Control (10th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Krosnick, J. A., Boninger, D. S., Chuang, Y. C., Berent, M. K., & Carnot, C. G. (1993). Attitude strength: One construct or many related constructs? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(6), 1132-1151. doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.6.1132
    Lee, W. & Lin, C. (2009). The Effect of Corporate Ability and Corporate Social Responsibility on Customer after Negative Publicity: The Case of TOYOTA Regarding Gas Pedal (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/11296/6y6qv9
    Lii, Y.S., & Lee, M. (2011). Doing Right Leads to Doing Well: When the Type of CSR and Reputation Interact to Affect Consumer Evaluations of the Firm. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 69-81. doi:10.1007/s10551-011-0948-0
    Lin, M. Q., & Lee, B. (2010). The Brand Image and Brand Attitude of Adolescence - The Moderating Effect of Peer Conformity. Marketing Review, 7(4), 525-555.
    Mackenize, S.B., & Spreng, R.A. (1992). How does Motivation Moderate the Impact of Central and Peripheral Processing on Brand Attitudes and Intentions? Journal of Consumer Research, 6, 519-529.
    Mahajan, V., Muller, E., & Kerin, R. (1984). Introduction Strategy for New Products with Positive and Negative Word-of-Mouth. Management Science, 30(12), 1389-1404.
    Maheswaran, D., & Meyers-Levy, J. (1990). The Influence of Message Framing and Issue Involvement. Journal of Marketing Research, 27(3), 361-367. doi:10.2307/3172593
    Maignan, I., & Ferrell, O. C. (2001). Corporate citizenship as a marketing instrument—Concepts, evidence and research directions. European Journal of Marketing, 35(3-4), 457-484. doi.org/10.1108/03090560110382110
    Martineau, P. (1958). Sharper focus for the corporate image. Harvard Business Review, 36(6), 49-58.
    Martineau, P. (1960). Developing the corporate image. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons.
    Mathur, A. (1999), Adoption of Technological Innovations by the Elderly: A Consumer Socialization Perspective. Journal of Marketing Management, 9(3), 21-35.
    McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate Social Responsibility: A Theory of the Firm Perspective. The Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 117-127.
    Menon, G., Jewell, R. D., & Unnava, H. R. (1999). When a company does not respond to negative publicity: cognitive elaboration vs. negative affect perspective. Advances in Consumer Research, 26, 325-329
    Minor, D., & Morgan, J. (2011). CSR as Reputation Insurance: Primum Non Nocere. California Management Review, 53(3), 40-59. doi:10.1525/cmr.2011.53.3.40
    Moore, C.D. (1987). Outclass the competition with service distinction. Mortgage Banking, 47, (11).
    Neal, W.D. (2000). For Most Consumers, Loyalty isn’t an Attitude. Marketing News, 34(8), 7.
    Newman, W. (1953). Basic Objectives Which Shape the Character of a Company. The Journal of Business of the University of Chicago, 26(4), 211-223.
    Nguyen, N., & Leblanc, G. (2001). Corporate image and corporate reputation in customers` retention decisions in services. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 8, 227-236.
    Oliver, R. L. (2014). Satisfaction: A behavioralperspective on the consumer. New York, NY: Routledge.
    Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995). A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48(4), 775-802. doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01781.x
    Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research. Journal of Marketing, 49(4), 41-50. doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900403
    Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A., & Berry, L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64, 12-40.
    Peloza, J. (2006). Using Corporate Social Responsibility as Insurance for Financial Performance. California Management Review, 48(2), 52-72.
    Perneger, T., Courvoisier, D., Hudelson, P., & Gayet-Ageron, A. (2014). Sample size for pre-tests of questionnaires. Quality of life research, 24.
    Petty, R. E., Briñol, P., Tormala, Z. L., & Wegener, D. T. (2007). The role of metacognition in social judgment. Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles, 254-284.
    Petty, R. E., & Krosnick, J. A. (1995). Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
    Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. New York, NY: The Press.
    Pratihari, S.K., & Uzma, S.H. (2018) CSR and corporate branding effect on brand loyalty: A study on Indian banking industry. J. Prod. Brand. Manag, 27, 57-78.
    Pullig, C., Netemeyer, R. G., & Biswas, A. (2006). Attitude Basis, Certainty, and Challenge Alignment: A Case of Negative Brand Publicity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(4), 528-542. doi.org/10.1177/0092070306287128
    Roy, D.P., & Graeff, T.R. (2003). Influences on Consumer Responses to Winter Olympics Sponsorship. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 4, 67-87.
    Salmones, M. del M. G. de los, Crespo, A. H., & Bosque, I. R. del. (2005). Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on Loyalty and Valuation of Services. Journal of Business Ethics, 61(4), 369-385. doi:10.1007/s10551-005-5841-2
    Sauerhaft, S., & Atkins, C. (1989). Image wars. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
    Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (2000). Consumer behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
    Sen, S., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2001). Does Doing Good Always Lead to Doing Better? Consumer Reactions to Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 225-243. doi:10.1509/jmkr.38.2.225.18838
    Sengupta, J., & Fitzsimons, G. J. (2000). The Effects of Analyzing Reasons for Brand Preferences: Disruption or Reinforcement? Journal of Marketing Research, 37(3), 318-330. doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.37.3.318.18776
    Sethi, S. P. (1975). Dimension of Corporate Social Performance: An Analytical Framework. California Management Review, 17(3), 58-64.
    Sherrell, D., Reidenbach, R. E., Moore, E., Wagle, J., & Spratlin T. (1985). Exploring consumer response to negative publicity. Public Relations Review, 11(1), 13-28.
    Shee, P., & Abratt, Russell. (1989). A new approach to the corporate image management process. Journal of Marketing Management, 5, 63-76.
    Shih, C.-P. (2008). Management of a Professional Baseball Team by a Private Enterprise: A Benefit Analysis of Taiwan’s Brother Elephants. Journal of National Taiwan Normal University: Humanities & Social Science, 53(1), 49-63. doi:10.6210/JNTNULL.2008.53(1).03
    Suh, J. C., & Youjae, Y. (2006), When Brand Attitudes Affect the Customer Satisfaction‐Loyalty Relation: The Moderating Role of Product Involvement. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 16, 145-155. doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp1602_5
    Tinsley, H. E. A., & Tinsley, D. J. (1987). Uses of factor analysis in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34(4), 414-424.
    Tseng, K. F. & Cheng, C. F. (2019). Exploring Collaborations in Cause-Related Sport Marketing in the Chinese Professional Baseball League. Journal of Taiwan Society for Sport Management, 19(2),175-197. doi:10.6547/tassm.201912_19(2).0001
    Turker, D. (2009). Measuring Corporate Social Responsibility: A Scale Development Study. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(4), 411-427. doi:10.1007/s10551-008-9780-6
    Van Hoye, G., & Lievens, F. (2005). Recruitment‐related information sources and organizational attractiveness: Can something be done about negative publicity? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 13(3), 179-187.
    Varadarajan, P. R., & Menon, A. (1988). Cause-related marketing: A coalignment of marketing strategy and corporate philanthropy. Journal of marketing, 52(3), 58-74.
    Walker, M., & Kent, A. (2009). Do Fans Care? Assessing the Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Attitudes in the Sport Industry. Journal of Sport Management, 23, 743-769.
    Walker, M. & Parent, M. (2010). Toward an integrated framework of corporate social responsibility, responsiveness, and citizenship in sport. Sport Management Review, 13, 198-213.
    Walters, C. G. (1978). Consumer behavior, an integrated framework. Homewood, IL: R. D. Irwin.
    Ward, J. C., & Ostrom, A. L. (2006). Complaining to the masses: the role of protest framing in customer-created complaint web sites. Journal of Consumer Research, 33, (2), 220-230.
    Weinberger, M., & Lepkowska-White, E. (2000). The Influence of Negative Information on Purchase Behavior. Journal of Marketing Management, 16, 465-481.
    Wilkie, W. (1994). Consumer Behavior. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
    Xie, Y., & Peng, S. (2009). How to repair customer trust after negative publicity: The roles of competence, integrity, benevolence, and forgiveness. Psychology and Marketing, 26(7), 572-589. doi: 10.1002/mar.20289
    Yu, H.C., Kuo, L., & Kao, M.F. (2018). The relationship between CSR disclosure and competitive advantage. Sustain. Acc. Manag. Policy J., 8, 547-570.
    Zeithaml, V., Berry, L., & Parasuraman, A. (1988). Communication and Control Processes in the Delivery of Service Quality. Journal of Marketing, 52(2), 35-48.
    Zhu, D.-H., & Chang, Y.-P. (2013). Negative publicity effect of the business founder’s unethical behavior on corporate image: Evidence from China. Journal of business ethics, 117(1), 111-121.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE