本研究旨在了解高中、職青少年的親子關係與共依附特質的關係。分別探討是否處於長期家庭壓力中的青少年及不同性別青少年的共依附情形、不同性別青少年與不同親別的親子關係，以及不同性別青少年的親子關係與其共依附特質的關係。研究對象為台北縣、市23所高中、高職的一年級至三年級學生，男生291名，女生432名，共計723名。本研究以問卷調查法進行資料搜集，使用工具包括「親子關係量表」與「共依附量表」。所得資料以次數分配、t考驗、二因子變異數分析、典型相關等統計方法進行資料分析。本研究結果如下：
一、處於長期家庭壓力中的青少年在共依附特質的總分，及共依附特質中的「無法表達情感」與「認同照顧者角色」的得分，高於未處於長期家庭壓力中的青少年的得分。而共依附特質中的「以他人為焦點」與「透過關係獲得意義感」的得分，二者則無差異。
二、男生青少年在共依附特質的總分，及共依附特質中的「以他人為焦點」、「無法表達情感」、「認同照顧者角色」的得分，高於女生青少年的得分。而共依附特質中的「透過關係獲得意義感」的得分，則是女生高於男生。
三、不同性別青少年與不同親別在親子關係中的「依附感」、「敬佩感」、「知心感」、「工具功能」上，有交互作用存在；在「回報壓力」、「負向情感」、「缺乏自主感」、「被重視感」、「一體感」上，則無交互作用。
四、不同性別青少年的親子關係與共依附特質有典型相關存在。
（一）男生青少年有二組達顯著水準的相關組型：
1. 男生青少年在父親及母親親子關係中知覺到的「負向情感」、「缺乏自主感」與對母親親子關係中的「回報壓力」得分愈高，則其共依附特質愈高。
2. 男生青少年在父親親子關係中知覺到的「依附感」與「知心感」得分愈高，則其共依附特質中的「無法表達情感」得分愈低，「以他人為焦點」得分愈高。
（二）女生青少年有二組達顯著水準的相關組型：
1. 女生青少年在父親及母親親子關係中知覺到的「負向情感」、「缺乏自主感」與「回報壓力」得分愈高，則其共依附特質愈高。
2. 女生青少年在父親親子關係中知覺到的「工具功能」得分愈高，則其共依附特質中的「認同照顧者角色」得分愈低。
最後根據本研究結果進行討論，並提供建議做為青少年輔導、親職教育與未來研究上的參考。

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships of codependency and chronic family stress, adolescents' genders and adolescents' parent-child relationship. The sample consisted of 723 students from the first to third year of 23 senior high schools in Taipei, Taiwan (291 males,432 females). Instruments used in this study included Parent-Child Relationship Scale and Codependency Assessment Scale. Data obtained
in this study were analyzed by frequency distribution, t-test, two-way analysis of variance and canonical correlational analysis.
The main findings were as follows:
1.Adolescents with chronic family stress vis-a-vis those without family stress had a higher degree of codependency and codependency characteristics such as lack of open expression of feelings and identified caretaking activities than other adolescents. No differences between adolescents with and without family stress were found for codependency characteristics such as putting the focus outside of self and capturing a sense of purpose through relationships with others.
2.Males had a higher degree of codependency and codependency characteristics such as putting the focus outside of self, lack of open expression of feelings and identified caretaking activities than females. Females had a higher degree of codependency characteristic that is captured with a sense of purpose through relationships with others.
3.Adolescents' genders and parents' genders had interaction effects on the sense of attachment , the sense of admiration, the sense of being understood, and the instrumental function in the parent-child relationships. There were no interaction effects on the stress of reciprocation, negative affect, lack of the sense of autonomy, the sense of being valued, and the sense of unity in the parent-child relationships.
4.There were relationships between adolescents' parent-child relationships and their codependency:
(1) Males' parent-child relationships were significantly related to their codependency.
(a) The first canonical function indicated that when males sensed more negative affections and lack of the sense of autonomy in parent-child relationships, and sensed more of the stress of reciprocation in mother-child relationships, then males had a higher degree of codependency.
(b)The second canonical function indicated that when males sensed more the sense of attachment and the sense of being understood in father-child relationships, then males had a higher degree of putting the focus outside of self, and a lower degree of lack of open expression of feelings.
(2) Females' parent-child relationships were significantly related to their codependency.
(a)The first canonical function indicated that when females sensed more negative affect, lack of the sense of autonomy, and the stress of reciprocation in parent-child relationships, then females had a higher degree of codependency.
(b)The second canonical function indicated that when females sensed more the instrumental function in father-child relationships, then females had a lower degree of identified caretaking activities.
Finally, implication of the study for guidance of adolescents, education of parents, and future research were proposed.

一、中文部分
王麗玲（民85）：南區大專學生對父親家庭角色態度之探討。私立文化大學家政研究所碩士論文。
朱瑞玲（民73）：青少年心目中的父母教養方式。台灣社會與文化變遷研討會報告，南港，台北。
朱瑞玲（民78）：親子關係：子女的知覺與解釋及其影響。載於伊慶春、朱瑞玲（主編），台灣社會現象的分析（181-246頁）。台北：南港。
余德慧（民79）：中國人的父母經。台北：張老師。
派雅‧梅樂蒂、安姬維‧米勒、凱斯‧米勒（民85）：病態互依症候群。（邱紫穎譯）。台北：生命潛能。（原著出版年：1989年）
邱秀燕（民89）：青少年家庭系統分化、心理分離-個體化、自我發展及情緒適應之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
李美枝（民87）：中國人親子關係的內涵與功能：以大學生為例。本土心理學研究，9，3-52。
吳秋月（民88）：子女知覺父母婚姻暴力經驗、社會支持與共依附之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
吳麗娟（民86a）：青少年心理發展與適應之整合性研究－父母自我分化、教養態度對青少年子女自我分化、因應策略及適應影響之研究暨親職教育課程效果之實驗研究（I）。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告（報告編號：NSC 86-2413-H-003-011-G10）。
吳麗娟（民86b）：「個體化」、「自我分化」的另一端－談「共依附」的意義與內涵。諮商與輔導，144，33-37。
吳麗娟（民87a）：唯有放下他人，才能釋放自己－談「共依附」治療模式。諮商與輔導，145，18-23。
吳麗娟（民87b）：「共依附」父母的特質與其對孩子的影響。諮商與輔導，154，12-19。
吳麗娟（民88）：「共依附」父母的親職教育：放下孩子，釋放自己。諮商與輔導，157，17-23。
吳淑玲（民88）：台南市國小學生家庭因素、性別角色與其自我概念、生活適應之相關研究。臺南師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
林淑芳（民91）：中學生共依附特質與信任感之發展與相關性研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
林文瑛、王震武（民84）：中國父母的教養觀：嚴教觀或打罵觀？本土心理學研究，3，2-92。
孫世維（民83）：青少年與父母的情感關係：依附的性質與重要性。中興法商學報，29，261-304。
晏涵文（民80）：做個剛柔並濟的人—學習新的性別角色。台北：張老師。
馬爾克斯（民84）：中國文化中的情感表示。文化雜誌，24，20-27。
徐秋央（民90）：原生家庭經驗、心理分離－個體化與婚姻滿意度之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
許烺光（民78）：中國人與美國人。台北：巨流。
許筱梅（民84）：青少年知覺父母教養方式與其情緒穩定之相關研究。彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
郭麗安（民83）：兩性對親密需求的差異及輔導對策。諮商與輔導，107，13-15。
郭佳華（民90）：父親參與父職教育方案相關因素之研究。國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文。
陳麗英（民84）：家庭功能的評估。中華心理衛生學刊，8（1），31-44。
陳秉華（民84）：諮商中大學生的心理分離-個體化衝突改變歷程研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系教育心理學報，28，145-176。
陳郁齡（民88）：家庭功能與大學生個體化、生活適應之關係研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
陳秀菁（民91）：大學生的共依附特質、人際親密能力與親密感之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
張英熙（民86）：男性特質與男性求助。輔導季刊，33（4），12-18。
張芝鳳（民89）：青少年與父母以及與同儕間的依附關係對其自我價值之影響研究。國立花蓮師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
曾文星（民80）：從人格發展看中國人性格。中國人的性格。台北：桂冠。
黃光國（民84）：儒家價值觀的現代轉化：理論分析與實徵研究。本土心理學研究，3，276-338。
黃光國（民87）：兩種道德：台灣社會中道德思維研究的再詮釋。本土心理學研究，9，121-175。
黃慧芬（民88）：子女知覺父母了解，關係性自我及自尊之相關研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
黃怡瑾（民91）：變遷社會中的親職。台北：華泰。
勞勃‧漢菲特、法蘭克‧米勒、保羅‧米爾（民87）：愛是一種選擇。（新路編譯小組譯）。台北縣：新雨。（原著出版年：1989年）
葉紹國（民84）：女性的道德網羅。婦女與兩性研究通訊，35，6-9。
葉紹國（民85）：道德推理中關懷導向與正義導向思考之區辨及其在中國社會實踐的特徵。本土心理學研究，5，264-311。
葉明華、楊國樞（民86）：中國人的家族主義：概念分析與實徵衡鑑。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，83，169-225。
葉光輝（民87）：孝道概念的心理學探討：雙層次孝道認知特徵的發展歷程。本土心理學研究，9，53-117。
楊佳雯（民89）：父母說負向言語、孩子覺知父母態度與孩子自尊之關係。國立臺灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
楊晴惠（民89）：中文共依評估量表之信效度研究。私立長庚大學護理學研究所碩士論文。
蔡秀玲（民86）：大學男女學生依附關係、個體化與適應之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
蔡佳宜（民89）：兒童知覺父親角色涉入之探討。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系碩士論文。
歐陽儀（民87）：教養方式與依附關係代間傳遞模式之研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
薛雪萍（民89）：青少年家庭功能、親子衝突、因應策略與生活適應之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
羅國英（民84）：從親密關係觀點看青少年親子關係及其測量。測驗與輔導，133，2732-2737。
羅國英（民86）：青少年至成人前期之親子關係的測量。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告（報告編號：NSC-86-2413-H-031-004-G11）。
簡麗純（民90）：檢測「中文共依評估量表」之信效度－以物質成癮個案及家屬為對象。私立長庚大學護理學研究所碩士論文。
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