研究生: |
鍾志偉 Choong, Chee-Wai |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
工作壓力對身心健康影響的研究-以EMBA高階經理人為例 The Effects of Work Stress on Physical and Mental Health - Take EMBA senior managers as an Example |
指導教授: |
洪聰敏
Hung, Tsung-Min |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
高階經理人企業管理碩士在職專班(EMBA) Executive Master of Business Administration |
論文出版年: | 2020 |
畢業學年度: | 108 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 57 |
中文關鍵詞: | 工作壓力 、身心健康 |
英文關鍵詞: | Work stress, physical and mental health |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202000532 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:294 下載:49 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
研究背景與目的:處於經濟與人力競爭日趨詭變的環境中,各個行業面臨市場激烈的競爭,職場工作者比以往面臨更多的不確定性和挑戰,工作壓力亦隨之升高,面對居高不下的職場工作壓力,不僅影響工作者的工作表現,也影響工作者的身心健康,瞭解職場壓力對身心健康的影響因素,以提升自己在職場的價值是必要的。
研究方法:本研究以EMBA高階經理人為對象進行網路問卷調查,利用描述性統計、單因子變異數分析,獨立樣本T檢定以及迴歸分析,來探討不同背景之EMBA高階經理人在工作壓力與身心健康之差異,並分析哪些工作壓力因素可預測身心健康之狀況。
研究結果:以不同人口統計變項EMBA高階經理人在工作壓力之差異性而言,受雇者之工作壓力大於非受雇者(職務屬性,P<.039),工作負荷分量部分,職務屬性為受雇者有較高的工作負荷壓力,非家庭經濟來源主要提供者比主要提供者有較高的工作負荷壓力;婚姻狀況為單身者有較高的工作負荷壓力。年收入200萬以下者工作壓力比較高。
而就不同人口統計變項EMBA高階經理人在身心健康之差異性而言,非受雇者之身心健康比受雇者之身心健康佳,其中究營造工程業比金融及保險業、軍公教及服務業之身心健康佳,已婚比單身之身心健康佳。
最後,以工作壓力對身心健之多元迴歸分析發現,角色壓力、工作負荷及專業知能可以顯著預測身心健康,其中角色壓力分量的解釋力為34%,工作負荷分量增加3%,專業知能分量再增加1.5%。三個工作壓力分量對於身心健康的總解釋為38%。
整體而言,EMBA高階經理人在職務屬性、婚姻狀況、家庭經濟支撐以及年收入等變項上與工作壓力與身心健康關係密切,而且工作壓力可解釋身心健康變異量超過三分之一,代表工作壓力在EMBA高階經理人身心健康上扮演重要角色。因此,EMBA高階經理人在因應職場工作壓力,建議首先採行確認工作壓力源,再來面對問題、理性思考、情緒調適、尋求支持及自我提昇職場智能,換言之,適時自我覺察在職場承受的身心壓力,提昇職場新技能,增進人際溝通技巧,適時透過相關繼續教育,自我充實職場新知識,藉以提高工作自信心與自主性,降低角色模糊性,適時尋求協助,養成良好運動習慣,藉以紓解工作壓力,提升工作者的身心健康,增加在職場的競爭力與自我價值。
Research background and purpose: In an environment of increasingly fierce economic and human competition, various industries are facing fierce market competition, workplace workers are facing more uncertainties and challenges than before, and work pressure is also increasing. High work pressure in the workplace not only affects the performance of workers, but also affects the physical and mental health of workers. It is necessary to understand the influencing factors of workplace pressure on physical and mental health in order to enhance their value in the workplace.
Research method: This study conducted an online questionnaire survey on EMBA senior managers, using descriptive statistics, single-factor variance analysis, independent sample T test, and regression analysis to explore the work pressure and physical and mental health of EMBA senior managers of different backgrounds. Health differences, and analyze which work stress factors can predict physical and mental health.
Research results: In terms of the difference in work pressure of EMBA high-level managers with different demographic variables, the work pressure of the employed person is greater than that of the non-employed person (job attribute, P<.039), part of the workload component, job attribute For employees who have higher workload pressures, the main providers of non-family economic sources have higher workload pressures than the main providers; marital status means that single persons have higher workload pressures. Those with an annual income of less than 2 million have higher work pressure.
In terms of differences in the physical and mental health of EMBA senior managers with different demographic variables, the physical and mental health of non-employed persons is better than the physical and mental health of employed persons. Among them, the construction engineering industry is better than the finance and insurance industry, military public education and The physical and mental health of the service industry is better, and married ones are better than single ones.
Finally, a multiple regression analysis of work pressure on physical and mental health found that role pressure, workload and professional knowledge can significantly predict physical and mental health. The explanatory power of the role pressure component is 34%, the workload component increases by 3%, and the professional knowledge component Increase by 1.5%. The total explanation of the three work stress components for physical and mental health is 38%.
Overall, EMBA senior managers are closely related to work stress and physical and mental health in terms of job attributes, marital status, family economic support, and annual income. Work stress can explain more than one third of the variation in physical and mental health, representing Work pressure plays an important role in the physical and mental health of EMBA senior managers. Therefore, in response to workplace work pressure, EMBA senior managers recommend that you first identify the source of work pressure, and then face problems, rational thinking, emotional adjustment, seek support and self-improvement of workplace intelligence. In other words, self-awareness in the workplace Physical and mental stress, improve new skills in the workplace, improve interpersonal communication skills, and enrich self-new knowledge in the workplace through relevant continuing education in a timely manner, so as to improve work self-confidence and autonomy, reduce role ambiguity, seek timely assistance, and develop good exercise habits to relieve work pressure, improve workers' physical and mental health, increase competitiveness and self-worth in the workplace.
一、中文期刊
王穎駿,我國機場安檢人員工作壓力及其因應策略研究,以中正、松山與小港機場三處的國際及國內航線全體約 260 位安檢線安檢人員為研究對象,運輸計劃季刊第三十五卷第一期頁29 ~頁58,2005
何慧菁、張淑惠、曹瑞雲、張梅芳、陳永煌、楊燦,醫院員工工作壓力與身心健康之相關研究,以南部三家區域教學醫院450名員工為研究對象,中華職業醫學雜誌17(4):239-252,2010
林雯志、湯勝輝、涂雲瑾、張錦標,1998-2009年台灣地區醫檢人員工作壓力源及其因應之比較探討,針對台灣地區醫學中心、區域醫院、地區醫院、外離島醫院共57家醫院(內含國軍醫療體系醫院19家)之醫檢人員(包含部分放射師),以醫院為單位實施結構不記名問卷調查,中華職業醫學雜誌17(4):231-237,2010
陸洛(Luo Lu);李惠美(Hui-Mei Lee);謝天渝(Tian-Yu Shieh),牙醫師職業壓力與身心健康及職業倦怠之關係:以高雄市牙醫師為例,應用心理研究27期,59-80,2005
陳端容(Duan-Rung Chen);鍾政達(Cheng-Ta Chung),心臟科醫師工作壓力與身心健康之關係,醫護科技學刊7卷4期,379-392,2005
陳瑞容,工作組織社會心理特質與自評健 康:比較DC與ERI工作壓力模式對醫師族群之適用性,心臟科醫師為例,台灣公共衛生雜誌25卷2期93-106,2006
陳秋蓉,快樂工作不是夢;職場心理健康促進,衛生福利部 季刊,第13期.2017 p13-14。
曾慧萍、鄭雅文(2002),「負荷-控制-支持」與「付出-回饋失衡」工作壓力模型中文版量表之信效度檢驗,以電子產業員工為研究對象,台灣公共衛生雜誌,21(6)
孫仲山;張新帄,公共職業訓練師資工作壓力,生活科技教育38卷6期,81-96,2005西文期刊
張晏蓉、葉婉榆、陳春萬、陳秋蓉、石東生、鄭雅文,台灣受僱者疲勞的分布狀況與相關因素,以2004全國受僱員工為研究對象,台灣公共衛生雜誌26卷1 期75-87,2007
吳英璋,1993《青少年偏差行為的心理病理長期追蹤研究(一)》。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告。
湯柏齡、陳永煌、諶立中,工作壓力.中華職業醫學雜誌.9:145-7,2002
湯家碩、葉婉榆、劉梅君、蔡宗宏、徐儆暉,台灣公私部門受僱者僱用方式和職場疲勞狀況的相關性,勞委會勞工安全衛生 研究所於2007年9月間配合主計處「人力資源調查」同時進行之「工作環境安全衛生狀況認知調查」,台灣公共衛生雜誌2011,Vol.30,No.3,2011
詹慧珠、宋琇鈺、林麗英、朱淑媛、劉波兒,中部地區護理長工作壓力與因應策略之探討,以中部四縣市的教學醫院護理長為研究對象,實證護理4卷3期,2008
葉婉榆、鄭雅文、陳美如、邱文祥,職場疲勞狀況與工作過度投入之相關因素,以台北市36家職場受僱員工為例,台灣衛誌 2008, Vol.27, No.6,2008
葉婉榆、張玨、胡佩怡,臺灣受僱者職場壓力與減效出席之相關因素,2012年全國性職場受僱者為研究對象,勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊第23卷第3期第242-252頁,2015
二、中文著作
朱敬先(1992)。健康心理學。台北:五南書局
李明濱(2012)。「壓力人生,情緒管理與健康促進」,台北:健康世界。
張春興(1991)。「現代心理學」,台北:東華書局。
楊慎絢2006年12月號《大家健康》雜誌。
藍采風(1982)。「壓力與適應」,台北:幼獅出版社。
羅惠筠、陳秀珍(1994)。Charles G.Morris著。現代心理學。台北市:亞美。
蕭仁釗、林耀盛、鄭逸如等譯(1997)。「健康心理學」。台北:桂冠。
三、碩士論文
王麗娟,2002 空服員之工作特性、工作壓力源與個人壓力反應,國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士在職專班
王伯頎,2000 基層員警工作壓力與其因應策略關係研究,中正大學犯罪防治研究所碩士論文
王桂珍,2002 慢性 B 型肝炎患者的因應行為與家庭支持對其心身健康的影響,國立 台灣大學心理學研究所
李婷婷,1998 工作特性、日韻律、工作壓力、心理健康與自評績效之相關性研究 ----以晶圓廠的女性直接人員為例,國立交通大學工業工程與管理系
李韋君,2001台灣地區員工工作壓力來源之探討--以聯合心理諮商所服務對象為例,國立政治大學人力,資源管理研究所碩士在職專班
林麗娟,1997 某公司主管人員的工作壓力與身心健康之探討,國立台灣大學護理學系研究所
侯望倫(1984)。「工作壓力的實證研究-組織氣候、角色特性、人格特質與壓力症狀的關係」。台北:國立政治大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
張秋蘭(2000),青少年依附關係、自我尊重與身心健康之相關研究,國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。1-陳淑珠,1992 工作者生活壓力與心理健康之研究--以資訊電子業員工為例-- 國立 台灣大學社會學研究所
陳秀卿,1999 從契合理論來探討工作壓力與身心健康、職業倦怠之關係,國立政治大學心理學系
郭盈卿,1999,空服員之工作壓力、工作滿意、休閒滿意與疲勞倦怠之相關之研究,國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所
稅儒耕,2007 組織精簡後工作壓力對個人心理健康影響之研究:以陸軍軍、士官為例,世新大學行政管理學研究所
賴姿璇(2004)。輔導人員工作壓力、控制信念、因應方式與職業倦怠之研究—以台北 市國小為例。台北市立師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
謝佳容(1999)。社區精神分裂病患主要照顧者人格堅毅性與其健康狀況相關性探討。國立台灣大學護理學研究所碩士論文。
四、英文期刊
Beehr, T., & Newman, J.(1978). Job stress, employee health, and organizational effectives: A facet analysis, model and literature review. Personal Psychology, 31, 665-669.
Cannon, Walter. Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage. New York: Appleton. 1929.
Caplan, R. D., & Jones, K. E. (1975). Effect of work load, role depression, and heart rate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 713-719.
Chu, C.,Sebar, B., Caddies, G. et al.. The future challenges for workplace health and safety professionals: needs and supports for small workplaces. Proceedings of the 7th Annual Meeting of the Safety Institute of Australia. Cairns, 93-106 1999
Davidson, M. J., & Cooper , C. L. (1980). The extra pressures on women executives. Personnel Management, June, 48-51.
French, J., Roger,W., Cobb, S. (1974). Adjustment as person-environment fit. In G. V. Koelho, D. A. Hamburg, & J. E. Adams(Eds.). Coping and Adaptation. New York:
Basic Books.
Griffiths J. H. A partical guide to health promotion in the workplace :guidelines for alliance-building and networking with companies. European Health Promotion Series NO.5. WHO/Europe 1995
Hans Selye, History of the Stress Concept. Ch. 2 in Leo Goldberger and Shlomo Breznitz Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and Clincal Aspects. Free Press, 1982
Ivancevich, J., & Mattenson, M.(1980). Stress and work: A managerial perspective. New York: Scott foresman.
Jonge, J.D., Bosma, H., Peter R.,& Siegrist, J.Job strain, effort-reward imbalance and employee well-being: a large-scale cross-sectional study. Social Science and Medicine. 50: 1317-1327, 2000.
Kasl, S. V. (1978). Epidemiological contributives to the study of work stress. In C. L. Cooper & R. Payne (Eds), Current Concerns in Occupational Stress. Chichester: Wiley.
Lazarus & Folkman .Stress,appraisal and coping. New York : Springer.1984 Lee.R.T. & Ashforth. B.E.A meta-analytic examination of the correlated of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of applied psychology,81. 123-133 1996
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Michie, S. (2002) Causes and Management of Stress at Work. Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 59, 67-72
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Maslach, C., & Goldberg, J. (1998). Prevention of burnout: New perspectives. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 7, 63-74.
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.(1999). Stress at Work. US:NIOSH.
National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health(1999). Stress at work. Retrieved January 15 2010, from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/doss/99-101
Robbins, S. P. (1989), Organizational Behavior: Concepts, Controversies, and Applications, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Selye, H. (1983). The Stress Concept: Past, Present, and the Future. In Cooper CL.Ed. Stress Research. NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1-20
Sauter S, et al. Stress ate work. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No.99-101, 2001.
Seeman, M., & Seeman, A. Z. et al. (1988). Powerlessness, work, and community: A longitudinal study of alienation and alcohol use. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 29, 185-198.
Stansfeld SA, Fuhrer R, Head J, Ferrie J, Shipley MJ. Work and psychiatric disorder in the Whitehall study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 43: 73 Ⅱ -81, 1997
Siegrist, J. (1996). Adverse health effect of high effort/low reward conditions. Journal of occupational health psychology, 1, 27-41.
Tsutsumi A. Kayaba K. Theorell T. Siegrist J. Association between job stress and depression among Japanese employees treatened by job loss in a comparison between two complementary job stress models. Scandinavian Journal of work environmental and Health. 27:2: 146-153. 2001.
Weiten, W., & Lloyd, M. A. (1994). Psychology applied to modern life: Adjustment in the 90s (4th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks.