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研究生: 謝雲卿
論文名稱: 團體協同領導對團體成員和領導員的優缺點研究
指導教授: 盧欽銘
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 教育心理與輔導學系
Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling
畢業學年度: 82
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 158
中文關鍵詞: 團體協同領導領導員
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:340下載:0
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  • 本研究旨在探討國內團體協同領導工作者,認為團體協同領導的方式,對團體成員和領導者的優缺點。以開放式問卷蒐集國內88位團體協同領導工作者對此主題的看法,並經由觀察及訪問研究中,擷取適合的例子說明。問卷結果如下:
    壹、團體協同領導對團體的優點
    (一)對成員的照顧、觀察、與處理更周全:「成員可以得到較周全的照顧」、「團體的善能被觀察得更仔細及客觀」、「有較多的人力來處理一般或特殊的狀況」。
    (二)對成員的學習較有助益:「成員可以學到更多不同的觀點」、「因不同領導員的領導風格而增加團體的豐富性」、「增加團體的互動」、「提供成員人際溝通的示範」。
    (三)對成員在「移情」上的幫助:「成員有兩個對象可以投射父母的兩種角色」「其中一位領導員可以協助成員,處理他對另一位領導員的情緒或移情」。
    (四)團體不會因為缺少一位領導員而導致中斷。
    貳、團體協同領導對團體的缺點
    (一)對成員照顧上的損失:「兩位團體協同領導員帶領方向的不同,造成成員的無所適從」、「兩位領團體協同領導員的意見不和,忽略了對成員的了解與照顧」。
    (二)對成員的學習上的損失:「兩位團體協同領導員的競爭,導致團體分裂,阻礙團體進行」、「兩位團體協同領導員的不良溝通,成為成員不良的示範」。
    參、團體協同領導對領導員的優點
    (一)對帶領團體的幫助:「現任分擔,壓力減輕」、「個性和技術的互補」、「彼此支持互相協助」、「較有安全感」。
    (二)對專業成長的益處:「互相觀摩學習」、「團體前、中、後有討論的對象」、「從回饋中,對自己的優缺點更加了解」、「延長專業壽命,減少專業耗竭可能性」。
    (三)對個人成長的收獲:「從回饋中,對自己的優缺點更加了解」、「協助對方處理反移情」。
    肆、團體協同領導對領導員的缺點
    (一)對帶領團體的害處:「相互牽制」、「責任不均,形成壓力」、「易起衝突」、「多一份照顧對方的負擔」、「在團體時,會因為另一位團體協同領導員的存在而分心」。
    (二)對專業成長的損失:「需互相協調,不能完全照自己的意思帶領團體」、「有競爭壓力」、「相互依賴」。
    (三)對個人成長的損失:「需費許多時間討論」、「得花費力氣處理因兩人互動而引起的情緒」、「默契的培養不易且費時」、「關係破壞」。
    伍、同性團體協同領導的優點
    「觀點及感受相近,容易溝通了解」、「容易相處,顧忌較少」、「建立長久工作關係的可能性較大」、「較容易找合作對象」。
    陸、同性團體協同領導的缺點
    「理念觀戰相似,不易看出彼此盲點」、「對異性成員不易表瞭解與支持,易忽略」、「同質性高,變化性小」、「容易競爭」。
    柒、異性團體協同領導的優點
    「私下討論時,能提供更多不同角度的觀點」、「兩性相處的示範性格上的互補」、「對兩性成員的照顧較周全」、「成員可以學習不同性別的觀點」、「提供父母兩種性別角色,更像真實家庭情境」、「有助成員在兩性角色上的認同與學習」、「成員可以選擇比較不害怕的性別領導員親近」。
    捌、異性團體協同領導的缺點
    「不同觀點造成有時溝通與了解上的困難」、「建立親密關係時顧忌較多」、「有性吸引力要處理」。

    This research aims at discussing the group co-therapists' idea of group co-therpy, and its influences' both positive and negative, on the group members and the leaders By questionnaires answered by eighty-eight group co-therapists in Taaiwan, this research will exhibit their ideas of this topic. Also, by means of close observation and interview, approprlate examples are provided for illustration. The results of the questionnaires are as follows:
    I. The merits of group co-thorepy for the group members
    A. Better care, observance, and treatment for the group members:
    "Group members can get better charge." "The group s'' condition can be observed more carefully and objectively" "There will be more assistants to cope with ordinary ofr special cases."
    B. Contribution to the group members' learning:"learning": "The group members can gain various viewpoints." "Different leading styles will amplify the group 's variety" "It will enhance the interaction of the group." "It provides the group members with an examplification of human conmunication."
    C. Contribution to the group members' "transference"; "There ane two objects for the group members to project their images of parents." "One leader can help the group members deal with their emotions and transference for the other leader."
    D. No interruptsion: "The group activities will be distured for lack of leaders"
    II. The demerits of group co-therapy for the group membes.
    A. The group members' loss of care: "When the two leaders have different leading styles, the group members are likely to be at a loss." "When the two group leaders have arguments, they tend to neglect their responsibility for understanding and taking care of the group members."
    B. The group member's loss of learning: "The competition between the two leaders will result in the dissolution of the group, encumbering the group activities." "the poor communication between the leaders serves as a bad example for the group members."
    III. The merits of group co-therapy for the leaders.
    A. Benefits for group-leading: "Alleviation of pressure caused by the share of responsibility"; "Mutual compensation of character and techniques;" "Mutual support and assistance"; "Better sense of security."
    B. The advantages of professional growth: "Mutual learning"; "In the process of the group activitices, someone else can discuss with you"; "One knows one's own advantages and disadvantages bettes from the feedback"; "prolonging professional life; lessening the possibility of being burn-out."
    C. Personnal growth: "One knows oneself better from the feedback"; "Helping your partner to deal with counter-transference."
    IV. The demerits of group co-therapy for the leaders
    A. Disadvantages in group-leading: "reciprocal restraint"; "unbalance of duty which forms pressure"; "possible confict"; "An extra responsibility for taking care of the partner" ;"Distraction caused by the partner's existence."
    B. The less of professional growth: "You have to compromise with your partner instead of leading the group in your own way"; "the pressure of competition"; "mutual reliance."
    C. The loss of personal growth: "Taking much time for discussion"; "You have to deal with the emotion caused by mutual interaction";"it taks a lot of time to cultivate mutual understanding"; "the destruction of mutual relationship."
    V. The merits of group co-therapy by leaders of one sex:
    "Similar viewpoint and feeling; easy to communicate with each other"; "Easy to get along without scruples"; "Possible for establishing long-term relationship"; "Easier to find a grod partner."
    VI. The demerits of group co-therapy by leaders of one sex:
    "It is easy to observe the partner's blind spot because of their similar ideas. and view points"; "highly homogeneous; with slight mutability"; "easy to trigger competition."
    VII. The merits of group co-therapy by leaders of both sexes:
    "More point of views in private discussion"; "an example of the reciprocal compensation between the two sexes"; "sounder care of the group members of both sexes"; "group members can learn various viewpoints from both sexes"; "offering the roles of parents, which looks more like the condition of real family"; "helpful for the group members' identity and learning concerning the roles of both sexes"; "group members can choose one leader of whom they are not afraid, either male or remale, to be familiar with."
    VIII. The demerits of group co-therapy by leaders of both sexes:
    "Different view points sometimes ause the hardship of commumcation and understanding"; "More scruples in establishing close relationship"; "the problem of sexual attraction."

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