十九世紀前半，小提琴協奏曲多由著名的小提琴家所創作，直到十九世紀後半，作曲家才開始主導小提琴協奏曲的發展。其中，布魯赫《第一號小提琴協奏曲》是十九世紀後半第一首由作曲家創作、並大獲成功的小提琴協奏曲，至今依舊活躍於音樂舞台。
事實上，布魯赫共創作三首小提琴協奏曲，但後兩部作品在今日幾乎已被遺忘。這三部作品各異其趣：前兩部作品著重於形式的創新，反映了小提琴協奏曲在十九世紀中後期的多元化發展；《第三號小提琴協奏曲》的形式傳統，卻有更豐富的音樂內容，這反映了小提琴協奏曲在十九世紀末不只是「小提琴作品」，更追求「樂團作品」的「豐碑性」訴求。
本論文即以布魯赫的三首小提琴協奏曲為研究對象，從不同角度呈現作曲家在這三部作品中的不同思考，並嘗試從十九世紀小提琴協奏曲發展的脈絡，進一步詮釋這三部作品的歷史定位。

In the first half of the nineteenth century, violin concerti were written mostly by famous violinists. Not until the second half of the century did composers dominate the development of this genre. Max Bruch’s Violin Concerto No. 1 is among the first violin concerti in mid-late 19th century that was not only written by a composer, but was also successful. Nowadays this work is still a piece of standard concert repertoire.
As a matter of fact, Bruch wrote three violin concerti, though the last two concerti are almost forgotten today. The three works differ from each other to a great extent. The structure of the first two concerti is original, which reflects the development of the violin concerto in middle-late nineteenth century. The form of Bruch’s Violin Concerto No. 3 is conventional. Nevertheless, this work includes unusually rich material in its content. This suggests that, in late nineteenth century, the genre of violin concerto is not merely "violin piece," but rather, orchestral work of some sort that presents monumentality.
In this thesis, I explore Bruch’s three violin concerti. I seek to find out the considerations Bruch had while working on each concerto, an issue I approach from various perspectives. I aim to evaluate the three works’ historical position in the context of violin concerto’s development in the nineteenth century.

一、 樂譜

Bach, Johann Sebastian. Chromatic Fantasia and Fugue, BWV 903. Ed. Ernst Naumann. Band 36: Clavierwerke, Band 4 of Bach-Gesellschaft Ausgabe. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1890.

Beethoven, Ludwig van. Concert für die Violine, Op. 61. Serie IV: Violine mit Orchester, Nr. 29 of Ludwig van Beethovens Werke. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1862.

─────. Konzert für Violine, Op. 61. Arr. for violin and piano. Ed. Carl Reinecke. Leipzig: Breitkopf und Härtel, 1891.

─────. Konzerte und Phantasie für Klavier und Orchester. Leipzig: C. F. Peters, 1897.

Brahms, Johannes. Concert für Violine mit Begleitung des Orchesters, Op. 77. Arr. for violin and piano. Berlin: N. Simrock, 1879.

─────. Konzert für Violine mit Begleitung des Orchesters, Op. 77. Ed. Hans Gál. Band 5: Konzerte für Streichinstrumente und Orchester of Johannes Brahms: Sämtliche Werke. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1926.

Bruch, Max. Adagio appassionato, Op. 57. Arr. for violin and piano. Berlin: N. Simrock, 1891.

─────. Concerto for Violin and Orchestra No. 1 in G minor, Op. 26: Autograph Manuscript, 1866-1867. In Morgan Library & Museum. http://www.themorgan.org/music/manuscript/114296 (accessed February 24, 2013).

─────. Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 44. Arr. for violin and piano. Ed. Leopold Auer. New York: Carl Fischer, 1919.

─────. Concerto No. 1 for Violin and Orchestra, G minor, Op.26. London: Eulenburg, n.d.

─────. Fantasie für die Violine mit Orchesters und Harfe unter freier Benutzung schottischer Volksmelodien, Op. 46. Berlin: N. Simrock, 1880.

─────. III. Violinkonzert d-moll, Op. 58. München: Musikproduktion Höflich, 2004.

─────. Violin-Concerto (G minor), Op. 26. Arr. for violin and piano. Ed. Ferdinand Carri. New York: Carl Fischer, 1906.

─────. Violinkonzert Nr. 3, Op. 58. Arr. for violin and piano. Berlin: N. Simrock, 1891.

─────. Zweites Concert für die Violine mit Begleitung des Orchesters, Op. 44. Berlin: N. Simrock, 1878.

Dvořák, Antonín. Concerto in A minor, Op. 53. Arr. for violin and piano. Berlin: N. Simrock, 1883.

Joachim, Joseph. Konzert g-moll in Einem Satze, Op. 3. Arr. for violin and piano. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1905.

─────. Violin-Konzert (in ungarischer Weise) d-moll, Op. 11. Arr. for Violin and PiaNo. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1861.

─────. Violin-Conzert G-dur. Arr. for violin and piano. Berlin: Bote & Bock, 1889.

─────. Kadenzen zu Violinkonzerten. New York: C. F. Peters, n.d.

Liszt, Franz. Erstes Konzert für Pianoforte und Orchester. Serie I, Band 13: Werke für Pianoforte und Orchester of Franz Liszt: Musikalische Werke. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1914.

─────. Sonate. Ed. José Vianna da Motta. Serie II, Band 8: Verschiedene Werke für Pianoforte zu 2 Händen of Franz Liszt: Musikalische Werke. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1924.

─────. Ungarische Rhapsodien Nr. 1. Ed. Peter Raabe. Serie II, Band 12: Ungarische Rhapsodien für Pianoforte zu 2 Händen of Franz Liszt: Musikalische Werke. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1926.

Mendelssohn, Felix. Concerto, Op. 64. Arr. for violin and piano. Ed. Leopold Auer. New York: Carl Fischer, 1917.

Schumann, Robert. Concert a-moll für Violoncell mit Beleitung des Orchesters, Op. 129. Ed. Clara Schumann. Serie III: Concerte und Concertstücke für Orchester of Robert Schumanns Werke. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1883.

─────. Kinderscenen, Op. 15. Ed. Clara Schumann. Serie VII: Für Pianoforte zu zwei Händen of Robert Schumanns Werke. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1879.

Spohr, Louis. Concerto No. 8 (Gesangscene) Op. 47. Arr. for violin and piano. Ed. Ferdinand Carri. New York: Carl Fischer, 1906.

Strauss, Richard. Eine Alpensinfonie, Op. 64. Leipzig: F. E. C. Leuckart, 1915.

─────. Konzert in d moll, Op. 8. Arr. for violin and piano. Vienna: Universal Edition, 1903.

Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Il′yich. Concert, Op. 35. Arr. for violin and piano. Ed. Hans Sitt. Leipzig: Eulenburg, n.d.

二、 外文書籍

Abell, Arthur M. Talks with Great Composers. New York: Philosophical Library, 1994.

Altmann, Wilhelm, ed. Johannes Brahms im Briefwechsel mit Karl Reinthaler, Max Bruch etc. (Johannes Brahms: Briefwechsel vol. 3) Berlin: Deutsche Brahms-Gesellschaft, 1908.

Baur, Uwe. Max Bruch und Koblenz (1865-1867). Mainz: Schott, 1996.

Boyden, David D., et al. Violin Family. London: Macmillan, 1989.

Dahlhaus, Carl. Nineteenth-Century Music. Trans. J. Bradford Robinson. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1989.

Downes, Edward. Guide to Symphonic Music. New York: Walker, 1981.

Emery, Frederic Barclay. The Violin Concerto. New York: Da Capo Press, 1969.

Fifield, Christopher. Max Bruch: His Life and Works. 2nd ed. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2005.

Fellerer, Karl Gustav. Max Bruch. Köln: Volk, 1974.

Fuller-Maitland, John Alexander. Masters of German Music. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Gysi, Fritz. Max Bruch. Zürich: Orell Füssli, 1922.

Hartmann, Bernhard. "Die Schottische Fantasie. Eine Studie zur Konzertform bei Max Bruch." In Beiträge zur Geschichte des Konzerts: Festschrift Siegfried Kross zum 60. Geburtstag, ed. Reinmar Emans and Matthias Wendt, 295-301. Bonn: Schröder, 1990.

Hopkins, Antony. The Seven Concertos of Beethoven. Vermont: Ashgate, 1999.

Hill, Ralph, ed. The Concerto. London: Penguin Books, 1952.

Katz, Mark. The Violin: A Research and Information Guide. New York: Routledge, 2006.

Kämper, Dietrich, ed. Max Bruch-Studien: Zum 50. Todestag des Komponisten. Köln: Volk, 1970.

Keefe, Simon P., ed. The Cambridge Companion to the Concerto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Kolneder, Walter. The Amadeus Book of the Violin: Construction, History, and Music. Trans. Reinhard G. Pauly. Cambridge: Amadeus Press, 2003.

Kreman, Joseph. Concerto Conversations. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Larsen, Peter, ed. Max Bruch in Sondershausen (1867-1870). Göttingen: Hainholz, 2004.

Lauth, Wilhelm. Max Bruchs Instrumentalmusik. Köln: Volk, 1967.

Layton, Robert, ed. A Companion to the Concerto. New York: Schirmer Books, 1989.

─────, ed. A Guide to the Concerto. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Lindeman, Stephan D. The Concerto: A Research and Information Guide. New York: Routledge, 2006.

Luyken, Sonja: Max Bruch. Köln: 1984.

Mies, Paul. Das instrumentale Rezitativ: Von seiner Geschichte und seinen Formen. Bonn: Bouvier, 1968.

Niemöller, Klaus Wolfgang. "Bruch－Joachim－Sarasate: Ein neue autographe Quelle zum Solo-Violinpart der Schottischen Fantaie Op. 46 von Max Bruch." In Festschrift Klaus Hortschansky zum 60. Geburtstag, ed. Axel Beer and Laurenz Lütteken, 477-496. Tutzing: Schneider, 1995.

Pfitzner, Hans. Meine Beziehungen zu Max Bruch. München: Langen/Müller, 1938.

Praxmarer, Lukas. Max Bruch und seine Violinkonzerte. Saarbücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2011.

Riederer-Sitte, Petra, ed. Max Bruch: Briefe an Laura und Rudolf von Beckerath. Essen: Blaue Eule, 1997.

Roeder, Michael Thomas. A History of the Concerto. Cambridge: Amadeus Press, 1994.

Schwarzer, Matthias. Die Oratorien von Max Bruch. Kassel: Merseburger, 1988.

Steinberg, Michael. The Concerto: A Listener's Guide. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Stowell, Robin, ed. The Cambridge Companion to The Violin. 11th ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Swalin, Benjamin F. The Violin Concerto: A Study in German Romanticism. Chapel: University of North Carolina Press, 1941.

Tovey, Donald Francis. Essays in Musical Analysis: Concertos and Choral Works. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Veinus, Abraham. The Concerto. New York: Dover Publications, 1964.

三、 中文期刊

黃曉文。〈布魯赫（Max Bruch）g小調小提琴協奏曲〉。《音樂研究》（文化大學）第五期（十二月號，2006）：335-374。

四、 外文期刊

Bonavia, F. "The Violin Concerto." Music & Letters 8, No. 2 (Apr., 1927): 198-200.

Brown, Clive. "Bowing Styles, Vibrato and Portamento in Nineteenth-Century Violin Playing." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 113, No. 1 (1988): 97-128.

Burk, J. N. "The Fetish of Virtuosity." The Musical Quarterly 4, No. 2 (Apr., 1918): 282-292.

E., F. G. "Joseph Joachim. Born, June 28, 1831. Died, August 15, 1907," The Musical Times 48, No. 775 (Sep., 1907): 577-583.

Ehrmann, Alfred von. "The "Terrible" Brahms." Trans. G. R. The Musical Quarterly 23, No. 1 (Jan., 1937): 64-76.

Fellerer, Karl Gustav. "Max Bruchs Breslauer Dirigententätigkeit." Archiv für Musikwissenschaft, 19./20. Jahrg., H. 3./4. (1962/1963): 172-179.

Fifield, Christopher. "Bruch's Violin Concerto, Behind the Notes." The Strad 113, No. 1349 (Sep. 2002): 962-967.

Geck, Martin."Max Bruchs Oratorium "Gustav Adolf" - ein Denkmal des Kultur-Protestantismus." Archiv für Musikwissenschaft, 27. Jahrg., H. 2. (1970): 138-149.

Joachim, Henry. "Joseph Joachim: First Violinist of a Modern Art." The Musical Times 74, No. 1087 (Sep., 1933): 797-799.

Kawabata, Maiko. "Virtuoso Codes of Violin Performance: Power, Military Heroism, and Gender (1789-1830)." 19th-Century Music 28, No. 2 (Fall, 2004): 89-107. McVeagh, Diana. "The Concerto: Contest or Co-Operation?" Music & Letters 28, No. 2 (Apr., 1947): 115-120.

Pulver, Jeffrey. "Brahms and the Influence of Joachim." The Musical Times 66, No. 983 (Jan., 1925): 25-28.

Schueneman, Bruce R. "The French Violin School: From Viotti to Bériot." Notes, Second Series, Vol. 60, No. 3 (Mar., 2004): 757-770.

Schwarz, Boris. "Beethoven and the French Violin School," The Musical Quarterly 44, No. 4 (Oct., 1958): 431-447.

─────. "Four Violin Concertos by Giovanni Battista Viotti; Chappell White." Notes, Second Series, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Dec., 1978): 407-409.

─────. "Joseph Joachim and the Genesis of Brahms's Violin Concerto." The Musical Quarterly 69, No. 4 (Autumn, 1983): 503-526.

Scott, Marion M. "A Complaint of the Decay of Violin Solos." Music & Letters 6, No. 4 (Oct., 1925): 330-343.

Sommers, Lawrence. "Beethoven's Violin Concerto." Music & Letters 15, No.1 (Jan., 1934): 46-49.

Woolley, Grange. "Pablo de Sarasate: His Historical Significance." Music & Letters 36, No. 3 (Jul., 1955): 237-252.

"Crystal Palace." The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular 18, No. 418 (Dec., 1877): 591-592.

"Joseph Joachim." The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular 39, No. 662 (Apr., 1898): 225-230.

"Mr. Sarasate's Concerts." The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular 30, No. 556 (Jun., 1889): 343-344.

"Royal College of Music." The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular 35, No. 618 (Aug., 1894): 535.

五、 學位論文

Vick, Bingham Lafayette. "The Five Oratorios of Max Bruch." Ph.D. thesis for Northwestern University, 1977

林佳妮。〈布魯赫g小調第一號小提琴協奏曲〉。國立臺灣師範大學音樂研究所演奏組碩士論文，1999。

吳若心。〈布魯赫──小提琴作品《蘇格蘭幻想曲，作品46》之詮釋報告〉。國立臺北教育大學音樂教育學系碩士班演奏組碩士論文，2007。

崔延平。〈布魯赫：《蘇格蘭幻想曲》之詮釋報告〉。國立臺灣師範大學音樂學系演奏組碩士論文，2008。

黃柳蕙。〈威爾第歌劇之「梭利塔模式」研究：以《弄臣》、《遊唱詩人》、《茶花女》為例〉。國立臺灣師範大學音樂學系碩士班音樂學組論文，2007。

黃婉婷。〈舒曼的《a小調鋼琴協奏曲》：交響協奏曲的典範〉。國立臺灣師範大學音樂學系碩士班音樂學組論文，2012。

葉品琳。〈從十九世紀小提琴協奏曲的發展──探討布魯赫作品第二十六號之演奏技巧〉。國立中山大學音樂研究所演奏組碩士論文，2007。

六、 影音資料

Bruch, Max. The Complete Violin Concertos. Salvatore Accardo, Violin; Gewandhaus-orchester Leipzig, conducted by Kurt Masur. Decca 462 164-2 (CD), 1998.