摘 要
本研究主要目的在比較不同運動型態中老年人的平衡能力、反應時間與下肢肌力。受試者為長期規律從事網球、太極拳與無規律運動的中老年，年齡介於60~69歲，每組各30人，共90人，分別進行閉眼單足站立、靜態伸展測驗、8呎起立-走測驗、修正之巴斯動態平衡測驗、反應時間與30秒坐椅站立測驗。將測驗所得資料以單因子變異數分析和獨立樣本t考驗進行統計分析處理，研究結果如下：
1.太極拳組在各項測驗中成績是最優異。在靜態平衡能力，太極拳組顯著優於網球組、無規律運動組（p＜.05），而網球組與無規律運動組未達顯著差異。
2.網球組與太極拳組的動態平衡能力和下肢肌力，均明顯優於無規律運動組（p＜.05），而網球組與太極拳組間並未有顯著差異存在。
3.網球組、太極拳組與無規律運動組的反應時間，三組間未達顯著差異。
4.規律運動組在靜態平衡能力、動態平衡能力與下肢肌力均顯著優於無規律運動組（p＜.05）。但在反應時間，二組間的反應時間無顯著差異。
在平衡能力與下肢肌力方面，太極拳組優於網球組，網球組優於無規律運動組；規律運動組優於無規律運動組。在反應時間方面，太極拳組、網球組與無規律運動組，三組間沒有顯著差異；規律運動組與無規律運動組，二組間沒有顯著差異。

Abstact
The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of balance, reaction time and lower-extremity strength in middle-aged and elderly men engaged in different exercises. Totally 90 volunteers, aged from 60 to 69 years old, included regular Tai-Chi Chuan, tennis players, and sedentary controls, were asked to perform the following tests. These tests included one-leg stance test with eye-closed, functional reach test, 8-foot up and go test, modified Bass dynamic balance test, reaction time, and 30-second chair stand test. All the data were collected and analyzed with one-way ANOVA and t-test. The results were shown as followed:
1.The subjects of Tai-chi Chuan group had the best performances of all the test items. The static balance of Tai-Chi Chuan group was significantly better than those of the other two groups(p＜.05). There were no significant differences between tennis and sedentary controls groups.
2.The dynamic balance and lower-extremity strength of tennis and Tai-Chi Chuan groups were significantly better than those of sedentary controls group(p＜.05).There were no significant differences between tennis and Tai-Chi Chuan groups
3.The reaction time of tennis, Tai-Chi Chuan, and sedentary controls groups was not significantly different from each other.
4.The static balance, dynamic balance, and lower-extremity strength of regular exerciser group were significantly better than those of sedentary controls(p＜.05),but the reaction time of two groups was not significantly different from each other.
On the balance and lower-extremity strength, the Tai-chi Chuan group was better than tennis group, and tennis group was better than sedentary control group； regular exerciser group was better than sedentary control group. On the reaction time, there were no significant differences among tennis, Tai-Chi Chuan, and sedentary control groups; there were no significant differences between regular exerciser and sedentary controls groups.

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