本研究主要目的在探討十六週的跳繩訓練，對學童骨質密度與體適能的影響。以台中縣大雅鄉大明國小六年級男童為對象，篩選出41名體位正常、身體健康的男童為樣本，以隨機分派方式，分成跳繩組21名與控制組20名。跳繩組接受每週三天、每天30分鐘、為期十六週的跳繩訓練，訓練之強度約介於最大心跳率的60%至85%之間，而控制組則維持正常飲食及作息。
所有受試者於訓練前、後，均以定量超音波檢測儀檢測跟骨的骨質密度，並以教育部所頒體適能檢測方法，測量其身體組成、柔軟度、肌耐力、瞬發力與心肺耐力。所得資料以相依樣本與獨立樣本t考驗，進行統計分析，結果如下：
一、以相依樣本t考驗分析二組前、後測組內的差異，結果發現：跳繩組與控制組的跟骨骨質密度與心肺耐力二方面均顯著的進步(p<.05)，但進步幅度仍以跳繩組較大；至於身體組成、柔軟度、瞬發力與肌耐力等方面，二組均未有顯著的進步。
二、以獨立樣本t考驗分析二組後測組間的差異，結果發現跳繩組在跟骨骨質密度與心肺耐力二方面顯著均優於控制組(p<.05)；而在身體組成、柔軟度、瞬發力與肌耐力等方面，跳繩組均高於控制組但未達顯著。
結論：跳繩訓練對於改善學童跟骨的骨質密度與心肺耐力有顯著的效果。

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of 16-week rope-jumping training on elementary school students’bone mineral density (BMD) and physical fitness. The partici- pants are forty-one 6th male students with normal and health body conditions at Da-Min Elementary School in Taichung County. The participants are randomly dividing into two groups: rope-jumping group(RG, n＝21) and control group(CG, n＝20) respectively. RG trains 3 days a week, 30 minutes a day for 16weeks. Training intensity, in terms of heart beat rate, is between 60%~85%, whereas the CG maintains normal diet and work schedule.
The participants are tested calcaneus BMD with a quantitative ultrasonography before and after the training. In the mean time, the students are tested for their body components, flexibility, muscular endurance, power, and cardiovascular endurance pursuant to the Physical Fitness Test, issued by the Education Ministry. The data, which gathered in the test, are then statistically analyzed with t-test of the depend and independent samples. The results are as the following:
(1) using t-test of the depend samples on differences between groups in terms of pre-test and post-test found that, both groups show significant progress on calcaneus BMD and cardio- vascular endurance, as RG demonstrated better progress than the CG. However, both groups show no significant progress on body component, flexibility, muscular endurance, and power.
(2) using t-test of the independent samples for post-test on differences between groups found that, in terms of calcaneus’ BMD and cardiovascular endurance, the results of RG is significantly better than that of CG, whereas on body component, flexibility, muscular endurance, and power that the results of RG is higher than that of CG but showing no significance.
The conclusion is that rope-jumping training showed the significant effects on increase of elementary school students’ calcaneus BMD and cardiovascular endurance.

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