以生態觀點研究動作發展，主要的特點是認為動作型式係環境、工作、及有機體三方面交互影響的結果；本研究旨在檢驗平衡木高度與年齡差異是否會影響動態平衡中走步的型式。根據生態心理學中環境賦使概念，動作環境中的難度可能決定動作者的表現，且會因有機體不同的發展程度而有所影響。因此，本研究的假說為：（一）年齡越大，受不同相對高度變化的影響越小，且其走步型式會因為相對高度增加，而由交替步轉變成側併步，（二）個體因適應環境難度的改變，而出現的轉移現象有年齡上的差異，且3-5歲組受到環境影響的程度較其他兩組高。本研究的實驗參加者共15名，分為三組各5人，平均年齡分別為22歲3個月、9歲1個月、及4歲3個月。以Peak Performance影片分析系統計算在不同相對高度，即每人身高的0％、15％、30％、45％、60％、75%、90%、及100％，其走步型式的步幅與步頻，並以系統觀察法區別交替步與側併步。在系統觀察的部分發現，只有3-5歲組在不同相對高度之間，其走步型式有所改變，其他兩組則以交替步為主。而經混合設計二因子變異數分析發現，在相對步幅方面，有年齡上的差異（p<.05）與有高度上的差異（p<.05），且兩者間亦有交互作用，顯示在本研究中，步幅可為一具觀察效度的變項。在步頻方面，有年齡上的差異（p<.05）與有高度上的差異（p<.05），但兩者間無交互作用。在3-5歲組的個別分析方面，發現：不只個別差異明顯，在相對步幅的分析中，其結果與走步型式的分析類似。據此，本研究所得結論為：（一）環境會影響不同年齡層間的走步型式，且影響程度依據年齡有所不同，（二）只有3-5歲組在不同相對高度下出現轉移情形。

Ecological-based motor development studies focus on movement patterns resulting from interactions of environment, task, and organism. The purposes of this study were to examine the effects of height of balance beam and age differences on walking patterns. Based on Gibson’s affordances concept, the degree of difficulty in movement setting might determine one’s movement patterns. Effects of affordances also depend on the developmental level of organism. Therefore, it was hypothesized that: (1) as age increased, effects of changes of different relative height were getting smaller, and walking patterns would change from alternating steps to non-alternating steps as a function of relative heights, (2) transitions in different levels of difficulty of environment were changed as a function of age, and the 3-5 yrs. group was expected to be the most affected one. Fifteen children and adults served as participants whom were categorized into three groups. Average ages of each group were 22yrs. 3mons., 9yrs. 1mons., and 4yrs. 3mons. respectively. Step length and frequency of walking patterns were analyzed and calculated at each specific relative height (i.e. 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, 90%, and 100%) by Peak Performance Videotape Analysis System. Differences between alternating steps and non-alternating steps by using systematic observation method on videotapes were also administered. Mixed-designed two-way ANOVA in step length and frequency revealed that (1) environment affected walking patterns as a function of age, and the level of effect was different among age groups, (2) transitions only happened in 3-5 yrs. group.

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