摘 要
本研究之主要目的是藉由發展「某縣幼童居家安全現況調查問卷」進行調查及分析，了解「幼童居家安全知識」、「幼童居家安全態度」、「幼童居家環境管理行為」、「幼童居家安全環境設施」、「幼童居家安全環境改善意願」及「幼童居家受傷經驗」並由研究對象之社會及人口學特性與前述各面向之分析，探討某縣幼童居家安全危險因子之分佈；也比較某縣在城、鄉地區幼童居家安全現況之差異。以某縣幼稚園、托兒所之園生家長為研究樣本，採分層比例隨機集束抽樣，以班級為束之單位，共抽取3600位家長為樣本。所得資料進行統計分析。重要結論如下：
一、幼童居家環境管理行為方面偏向「經常做到」尚佳，但是家長們的幼童居家安全知識偏低，平均答對率僅52.38％；幼童居家安全態度上呈現的是對不安全情境的危險意識偏低，在19個不安全情境中只有5個情境家長們認為該情境發生幼童事故傷害的可能性高於50％，尤其是「當忙碌又沒有其他人可以幫忙時，讓別的12歲以下小孩互相陪伴或玩耍」、「利用幼童獨自在家睡覺時外出辦事」家長們大都認為其發生危險的可能性是低和非常低
二、在幼童居家環境設施方面，在十個基本的重要設施中有五項設施30％以上的家長未具備，尤其「在電話附近或其他明顯處張貼醫療院所等緊急聯絡電話」一項有高達49.7％的家庭未做到，但值得欣慰的是有53.6％的家長表示願意在一個月內改善，已達到準備期，而其餘各項中願意在一個月內改善的比率不高。針對願意在一個月內改善的家長可提供改善方案參考資訊降低其改善障礙，對於半年內無改善意願者，宜加強其安全意識之提升。
三、某縣幼童平均每週受傷 .13次，孩子發生居家事故傷害時是獨處者佔8.7％；全部家長只有10.77％家長修習過急救相關課程，平均每位家長兩年內只修習 .16小時之急救課程，而家長之幼童居家安全態度與修習急救課程有顯著關係，因此宜多開設幼童居家安全事故防治和急救相關課程。
四、男性家長在幼童居家安全環境設施的分數高於女性家長 .233分；年齡越高者，其幼童居家安全知識越低；教育程度越低者，其幼童居家安全知識得分越低；已婚之研究對象其幼童居家安全環境設施比非已婚之研究對象高 .444分，其幼童居家安全管理行為比非已婚之研究對象高8.114分；居住於市鎮之研究對象比居住於鄉之研究對象在幼童居家安全知識上高 .119分；家中幼童有受傷之家庭比家中幼童沒有受傷之家庭在幼童居家安全環境設施低.5分、在幼童居家環境管理行為上低5.492分；修習過急救課程之家長比未曾修習過急救課程之家長在幼童居家安全態度高7.151分、在幼童居家環境管理行為高1.814分。
五、影響幼童居家安全知識的顯著因素包括有「家長足歲年齡」、「教育程度」和「居住地所屬鄉鎮市」；影響幼童居家安全態度的顯著因素包括有「幼童性別」、「教育程度」及「是否修習過急救課程」；影響幼童居家安全環境設施的顯著因素因素包括有「家長性別」、「家長婚姻狀況」、「家中男童和女童總數」、「研究對象所居住之地區屬類型」及「一週內，家中幼童是否有受傷」；影響整體幼童居家環境管理行為的顯著因素包括有「家長婚姻狀況」、「家中男童和女童總數」、「研究對象所居住之地區屬類型」及「一週內，家中幼童是否有受傷」。

關鍵字：幼童、幼童居家安全

T County younger children’s home-living safety situation
Hsu Chih-pen

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to conduct, with developing “Questionnaire for T County younger children’s home-living safety situation”, surveys and analyses from such aspects as younger children’s home-living safety knowledge, younger children’s home-living safety attitude, management behavior of younger children’s home-living environment, younger children’s home-living safety environment facilities and improving willingness for younger children’s home-living safety environment; through demographic characters of the subjects and the above analyses, we explore the distribution of dangerous factors of T County younger children’s home-living safety; and we compare the differences between urban and rural T County younger children’s home-living safety situations in households. We set the parents of kindergartens and nurseries in T County as the samples and adopt stratified cluster random sampling setting class as the unit of a cluster and we draw 3600 parents as the samples. After conducting statistic analysis towards the collected data we have the important conclusions as follows:

I. As for management behavior of younger children’s home-living environment, it’ frequently fair, but the parents have very low points of younger children’s home-living safety knowledge with the correct answer rate as only 52.38%; as for younger children’s home-living safety attitude, it performs a low dangerous perception towards unsafe situation so that, among 19 unsafe situations, there are only 5 that are considered over 50% of the probability of younger children’s incidental injuries by the parents, especially for “while I’m busy and no other people who can help, I let the other children under 12 accompany or play with” or “using the time when the children are sleeping at home to go out for business”, most of the parents think their probabilities of danger are low and very low .

II. As for younger children’s home-living environment facilities, among 10 fundamental important facilities, over 30% of the parents who don’ t have 5 of them, especially 49.7% of the families which don’ t achieve “post emergency telephone numbers of something like medical agencies at around telephone set or other apparent spots”. But what’s conforming is that there are 53.6% of the parents who are willing to improve this within one month to reach the preparatory period; but for the other items, the percentage of the parents who are willing to improve within one month is low. For those parents who are willing to improve this within one month, we may provide them with information of improving program to lower their improving obstruct; while for those who have no improving willingness in a half year, we should reinforce their safety perception.

III. In T County, averagely each child will get injury 0.13 times every week. When the home-living injuries happened to children, 8.7% of them are staying alone; only 10.77% of parents took first aid-related classes of whom each one took only 0.16 hours of first aid classes during 2 years. Since there’s a salient correlation between parents’ children’s home-living safety attitude and first aid classes they took, we should open more classes related to prevention of children’s home-living safety incidents and first aid.

IV. The score the male parents got on children’s home-living safety environment facility was 0.233 points more than the female parents; the older the age, the lower the “children’s home-living safety knowledge”; the lower the education degree, the lower the “children’s home-living safety knowledge”; the score the married subjects got on “children’s home-living safety environment facility” was 0.444 points more than the unmarried subjects; the score the subjects who live in cities got on “children’s home-living safety knowledge” was 0.119 points higher than the subjects who live in rural areas; the score the families with injured children got on “children’s home-living safety environment facility” was 0.5 points more than the families without injured children and 5.492 points less than the latter on “children’s home-living safety environment management behavior”; the score the parents who took first aid classes got on “children’s home-living safety attitude” was 7.151 points more than the parents who took first aid classes and 1.814 points more than the latter on “children’s home-living safety environment management behavior”.

V. The salient factors influencing younger children’s home-living safety knowledge include “the parents age” “education degree” and “parent’s cities of villages and towns in the residence”；The salient factors influencing children’s home-living safety attitude include “child’s sex” “education degree” and “if took first aid classes”; The salient factors influencing children’s home-living safety environment facility include “parent’s sex”, “parent’s marital status”, “number of male children and female children in the family”, “place type where the subject lives” and “If any children got injured within one week” ; The salient factors influencing children’s home-living safety management behavior include “parent’s marital status”, “number of male children and female children in the family”, “place type where the subject lives”.

Keywords: younger children, younger children’s home-living safety

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