簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 黃中昕
Huang, Chung-Hsin
論文名稱: 高中學校本位課程轉化之中間領導個案研究
A Case Study of Middle Leadership and Implementation of School-based Curriculum in a Senior-high School
指導教授: 陳佩英
Chen, Pei-Ying
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 教育政策與行政研究所
Graduate Institute of Educational Policy and Administration
論文出版年: 2017
畢業學年度: 105
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 196
中文關鍵詞: 中間領導學校本位課程轉化107課綱
英文關鍵詞: Middle Leadership, Implementation of School-based Curriculum, The 107 Guidelines
DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202203157
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:183下載:46
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 隨著教育環境改變,學校面臨諸多新挑戰,必需跳脫傳統的學校經營模式,追求長期穩定的永續經營。如今隨著107課綱的頒布,強調學校本位及特色課程,學校勢必發展校訂必修及多元選修課程。學校課程架構的大規模變革,需要教師共同參與。中間領導係一種領導策略,中層人員成為促進組織變革效率及完整性的關鍵。學校中間領導強調教師跨學科領域的專業合作,讓原本由上至下的決策透過中介的作用,改由下而上的參與決策,中間領導者被賦予決策的自主性,成員透過多次來回的溝通進而達成共識。領導者間彼此間相互信任、依賴、合作,中間領導者搭起學校行政與教師之間的橋樑,形成擴大水平式的新領導型態,更多的教師能夠加入課程改革的歷程,使決策不但集結了教師們的專業力量與創意同時具備學校整體性視野。
    本研究透過個案研究,運用訪談、觀察、文件分析等方式進行研究,旨在了解學校在轉化107課綱以及課程改革的脈絡之下,如何運用中間領導策略,透過中間領導團隊推動課程改革與創新,探究學校中間領導團隊運作情況,並進一步分析學校中間領導與學校課程改革之過程與成效。
    根據個案分析結果,本研究獲致結論如下:
    壹、個案高中中間領導的發展脈絡分為兩階段,第一階段為組織再造,由行政團隊主導,打底建基;第二階段積極回應課程轉化,以中間領導團隊為主體,推動校內課程發展。
    貳、中間領導的組織運作須獲得高層領導的關注與扶植,建立系統性分工機制提升組織團體動能,漸進推動學校課程轉化。
    參、中間領導具策略性與策動性角色與意義,可促進團隊領導、課程轉化與學校永續發展。

    Schools have encountered waves of challenges within the changing educational environment. The traditional leadership style could hardly meet the new needs are required to learn and adapt to these new challanges. Along with the release of Newly Revised Curriculum Guidelines which focused on school-based and featured curriculum, schools have to develop their own required and elective courses. Since the scale of school curriculum restructuring is large, it is necessary to involve professional teachers as many as possible. Middle leadership is a strategic leadership style. It is a kind of leading group bridging potential leaders with tasks and turn these joint-action into the drivers of integrated and effective change in their organization. The interdisciplinary collaboration makes the traditional top-down decision-making process to transfer into a bottom-up, participatory process, in which middle leaders have been given the decision-making autonomy and encouraged to express their own opinions so as to reach a consensus. On the basis of mutual trust and cooperation, middle leaders build the bridge between the senior leadership team and teachers, creating a horizontal organizational leadership structure to involve more teachers in the decision making process of curriculum reform. The decision made by middle leaders not only represented the enlarged participation of the school but also professionalism and creativity of the teachers.
    This study focused on the implementation of middle leadership in one senior high school. It aimed to find out the picture of the leadership model, strategy and performance.

    The major research results and conclusions are as follows:
    1.The development process of middle leadership in this case is divided into two stages. The first stage was to restructure the school foundation led by the senior leadership team. The second stage was to redesign the school-based curriculum led by the middle leadership team.
    2.The operation of middle leadership team relied on the support from senior leadership team by establishing a systematic mechanism of resource allocation, pushing forward curriculum reform in school gradually.
    3.The strategic meaning of middle leadership was to improve the school leadership, accelerate curriculum reform, and sustain the pro-active action.

    Based upon the results, some suggestions have been provided.

    謝誌 i 中文摘要 ii 英文摘要 iii 目次 v 表次 vi 圖次 viii 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的與問題 7 第三節 名詞釋義 8 第四節 研究限制 10 第二章 文獻探討 13 第一節 中間領導的內涵 13 第二節 外國中間領導之發展情形 43 第三節 台灣中間領導發展之現況與展望 57 第三章 研究設計與實施 73 第一節 研究方法 73 第二節 研究對象 76 第三節 研究程序 79 第四節 資料處理與分析 82 第五節 研究倫理 87 第四章 研究結果與討論 89 第一節 恆遠高中課程轉化脈絡下之中間領導 89 第二節 恆遠高中中間領導之組織發展與深化 104 第三節 恆遠高中中間領導之角色與效益 142 第五章 結論與建議 161 第一節 結論 161 第二節 建議 168 參考文獻 174 附錄 194

    丁雪茵、鄭伯壎、任金剛(1996)。質性研究中研究者的角色與主觀性。本土心理學研究,6,357-376。
    丁亞雯(2012)。以「課程與教學」為十二年國教推動核心─臺北市推動的策略與行動。中等教育,63(1),183-187。
    王秀玲(2009)。國民中學學習領域召集人課程領導現況之調查研究。中等教育,61(1),34-51。
    王秀玲、康翰文(2013)。國民中學教師課程領導相關問題之探究:以學習領域召集人為例。教育科學研究期刊,58(1),29-58。
    王環鈴、王文科、王智弘(2011)。學校分布式領導與創新經營之研究:以台中市國民小學為例。彰化師大教育學報,20,1-20。
    王秀槐(2012)。創新課程的推手:在十二年國教的浪潮中談教師角色。臺大教育實習輔導通訊,60,3-4。
    王文科、王智弘(2014)。教育研究法(第16版)。臺北:五南。
    王前龍(2015)。從九年一貫到十二年國教課程總綱:學科取向的政策轉向與學生取向的理念出路。台灣教育評論月刊,4(5),32-35。
    古正美、邱嘉美(1995)。新加坡的宗教教育。載於瞿海源(主持),宗教教育之國際比較及政策研究(頁51-90)。臺北:自行出版。
    石弘毅(1999)。民意高漲下,學校行政人員應有的作為,師友,388,34-37。
    伊慕蘊(2003)。中部地區國民中學課程發展委員會結構與功能之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學,彰化縣。
    卯靜儒、甄曉蘭、林永豐(2012)。高中課程改革之政策形塑與實施的歷程分析:以95課程暫綱為例。課程與教學季刊,15(3),181-206。
    何建霖(2009)。國民小學學校分佈式領導、教師同僚專業互享與學生學習表現之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立中正大學,嘉義縣。
    吳芝儀、李奉儒(譯)(1995)。質的評鑑與研究。臺北:桂冠。
    吳茵慧(2002)。國民小學數學學習領域召集人角色實踐與角色期望之研究─以桃園縣國民小學為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺北教育大學,臺北市。
    吳清山(2004)。學校創新經營的理念與策略。教師天地,128,30-44。
    吳清山、林天祐(2001)。教育名詞-課程領導。教育資料與研究,38,47。
    吳清山、林天祐(2008)。教師領導。教育研究月刊,173,136-137。
    吳清山、林天佑(2010)。分布式領導。教育資料與研究,95,149-150。
    吳映賜(2007)。社會學習領域召集人課程領導之行動研究---以認識卑南社區教學活動為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立東華大學,花蓮縣。
    吳百祿(2009)。教師領導:理念、實施、與啟示。國民教育研究學報,23,53-80。
    吳百祿(2010)。教師領導的理論背景與影響。學校行政雙月刊,70,1-22。
    吳迅榮、王逸飛(2009)。香港小學中層管理人員培訓需求研究。基礎教育學報,18(2),21-39。
    吳俊憲(2012)。推動高中職學校優質化—「學習領導」之觀點分析。臺灣教育評論月刊,1(10),39-42。
    吳俊憲、蔡淑芬、吳錦惠(2015)。教師專業學習社群「再聚焦、續深化」的精進作為。台灣教育評論月刊,4(2),129-145。
    呂淑媛(2002)。學校本位課程發展之行動研究-以高雄市三民國中為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。
    宋一芬(2003)。國民中學學校課程發展委員會組織、運作與功能之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學,彰化縣。
    李錦富(2003)。桃園縣國民小學課程發展委員會組織與運作之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立新竹師範大學,新竹市。
    李俊湖、張素貞、陳香吟、廖慧伶(2011)。香港「學校改進計劃」:對我國推動「中小學課程與教學輔導體系」之啟示。中等教育,62(4),50-75。
    李玲惠(2012)。一群羊的故事〜記一所優質化高中專業學習社群發展的軌跡。台灣教育評論月刊,1(10),89-92。
    李文富(2015)。107普通高中課綱的理念、設計邏輯與特點。發表於國立宜蘭高級中學主辦,教育部十二年國民基本教育課綱宣導研習。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學。
    阮光勛(2014)。促進質性研究的品質與可信性。國教新知,61(1),92-102。
    林佩璇(2000)。個案研究及其在教育研究上的應用。載於中正大學教育學研究所(編),質的研究方法(頁239-263)。高雄:麗文文化公司。
    林津治(2001)。從學習型組織的觀點探討學校課程發展委員會。南亞學報,21,185-197。
    林佩璇(2004)。學校本位課程發展脈絡與現況研究。國立臺北師範學院學報,17(2),35-56。
    林金珠(2007)。國民小學課程發展委員會運作模式之研究-以台南市明日國小為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺南大學,臺南市。
    林永發(2010)。從校本課程到高瞻計畫-麗山高中專業學習社群的經驗分享。中等教育,61(2),152-165。
    林志成(主編)(2011)。特色學校理論、實務與案例。臺北:高等教育。
    林子斌(2013)。學校教師會與教育領導。台灣教育評論月刊,2(6),94-98。
    林孟郁、鍾武龍、張月霞、李哲迪、陳穎儀(2013)。高中教師在創新科學課程專業學習社群中的發展歷程。科學教育期刊,21(1),75-96。
    卓璟薇(2008)。野雁團隊的故事--教師團隊在學校本位課程發展中的問題與因應策略(未出版之碩士論文)。臺北市立教育大學,臺北市。
    周彥君(2014)。國民小學教師領導者角色建構與實踐之敘說研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立中正大學,嘉義縣。
    香港課程發展議會(2001)。學會學習:終身學習.全人發展。香港:政府印務局。
    徐超聖(1999)。發揮校長的課程領導落實在九年一貫課程的實施。載於自主與超越-九年一貫變革與展望,(頁27-55)。臺北:國立台北師範學院。
    徐超聖、梁雲霞(2011)。教師領導的理論分析與省思。中等教育,62(6),20-35。
    徐吉春(2008)。分散式領導。載於黃宗顯(主編),學校領導-新理論與實踐(頁63-88)。臺北:五南。
    徐國棟(2010)。課程領導與學校發展:回顧與展望。教育曙光,58(2),83-92。
    唐昇志(2002)。以活動理論為架構分析網路主題式學習活動(未出版之碩士論文)。國立花蓮師範大學,花蓮縣。
    高新建(2000)。學校本位課程發展的意涵與實施。載於中華民國教材研究發展學會(主編),邁向課程新紀元(二)(頁18-44)。臺北:中華民國教材研究發展學會。
    高新建(2002)。學校課程領導與管理。收錄於國民中小學校長與視導人員:理論篇研習手冊(頁59-82)。臺北:教育部。
    高慕蓮、李子建 (2012)。中文課程改革與教師工作文化的轉變:中文科教師課程決定個案研究。香港教師中心學報,11,25-44。
    秦夢群(2010)。教育領導理論與應用。臺北:五南。
    秦夢群、濮世緯(2006)。學校創新經營理念與實施之研究。教育研究與發展期刊,2(3),123-150。
    馬明、于學友(2008)。從分布式領導看我國學校組織領導變革。當代教育論壇,2,24-26。
    孫志麟(2010)。專業學習社群:促進教師專業發展的平台。學校行政,69,138-158。
    孫淑偵、孫國華(2015)。國民小學教師領導困境初探。台灣教育評論月刊,4(7),86-89。
    教育部(1998)。國民教育階段九年一貫課程總綱綱要。臺北:教育部。
    教育部(2000)。《學校本位課程發展手冊c---學校本位課程發展基本理念與實施策略》。臺北:教育部。
    教育部(2002)。創造力教育白皮書。臺北:教育部。
    教育部(2004)。普通高級中學課程暫行綱要。臺北:教育部。
    教育部(2005)。普通高級中學課程暫行綱要實務工作手冊。臺北:教育部。
    教育部(2012)。高中高職特色招生核定作業要點訂定及報備查原則。臺北:教育部。
    教育部(2013)。教育部人才培育白皮書。臺北:教育部。
    教育部(2014)。十二年國民基本教育課程綱要總綱。中華民國103年11月28日臺教授國部字第1030135678A號令訂定頒布。2016年2月24日取自:http://www.naer.edu.tw/files/15-1000-7944,c1179-1.php?Lang=zh-tw
    教育部(2016)。十二年國教高中職特色課程規劃與實施。臺北:教育部。
    許添明(2001)。澳洲學校自主經營及其反思¬-以「未來學校」教改計畫為例。論文發表於學校本位經營-澳洲經驗與反思學術研討會,台北市立師範學院。
    許振家、翁福元(2014)。從權力的視角探究課程發展委員會的運作。台灣教育評論月刊,3(6),1-6。
    范振倫(2004)。國小教師參與學校課程發展委員會決定的角色研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺北教育大學,臺北市。
    國家教育研究院(2014年11月)。十二年國民基本教育課程綱要普通型高中總綱的研修、推動說明。2016年3月1日,取自網站:www.slvs.tc.edu.tw/125/20141126083942.pptx
    張明輝(2005)。永續領導與學校經營。台灣教育,635,8-12。
    張樹倫、陳琦媛(2006)。高中課程暫行綱要修訂的經過、特色與建議。課程與教學季刊,9(1),1-18。
    張舜傑(2008)。臺北縣國民小學教師課程領導之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。輔仁大學,新北市。
    張佳偉、盧乃桂(2009)。校院協作式學校改進與教師領導的建構-香港一所個案學校的研究。優質學校改進計畫,1-13。
    張德銳(2010)。喚醒沈睡的巨人-論教師領導在我國中小學的發展。台北市立教育大學學報,41(2),81-110。
    張芬芬、陳麗華、楊國揚(2010)。臺灣九年一貫課程轉化之議題與因應。教科書研究,3(1),1-40。
    張奕華、顏弘欽(2012)。學校分散式領導構面之探析:領導者、追隨者與情境三元互動之檢證。教育實踐與研究,25(2),225-254。
    張奕華、顏弘欽(2013)。學校分散式領導:概念發展與證據成效。Do Education:當代教育創新與實踐。屏東:國立屏東教育大學。
    梁東瀛、張艷敏(2007)。英美澳分布式領導研究透視及啟示。比較教育研究,7,22-26。
    梁金都、洪志成(2011)。從分散認知觀點分析國小校長教學領導的認知歷程。當代教育研究季刊,19(2),41-80。
    黃乃熒(2002)。以教師彰權益能觀點重建學校權力生態的:以一所國中教評會為例。師大學報:教育類,47(1),59-82。
    黃乃熒(2013)。美國特色學校的教育魅力:十二年國民教育機會的例示。教育研究月刊,225,5-20。
    黃偉明(2005)。桃園縣國民小學課程發展委員會運作與教師專業成長關係之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立新竹教育大學,新竹市。
    黃信揚、吳明隆(2005)。 高雄縣市國小校長課程領導行為之研究。學校行政,39,1-16。
    黃顯華、李玉蓉(2006)。新修訂中學中國語文課程下的學科課程領導。香港:香港中文大學教育學院、香港教育研究所。
    黃宗顯(2008)。學校領導:新理論與實踐。臺北:五南。
    黃德祥、劉欣虹(2010)。紐西蘭初等教育的發展與特色。教育資料集刊,45,189-210。
    黃德祥、謝龍卿(2013)。從國外優質學校教育模式談我國特色學校的經營與發展。教育研究月刊,225,53-66。
    黃文定、董秀蘭、李麗玲、陳麗華(2011)。建構社會領域領導教師專業知能三維論之探究。教育研究與發展期刊,7(1),105-136。
    黃敏榮(2013)。高級中等學校分布式領導、學校創新經營與學校效能關係之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立政治大學,臺北市。
    曾淑惠(2011)。績效責任與校務評鑑的發展與挑戰。教師天地,174,23-29。
    傅斌暉(2014)。高中藝術教師跨領域協同教學成效之個案研究-以中山女中高瞻計畫(2007-2010)為例。中等教育,65(1),95-111。
    邱淑娟(2016)。與107新課綱「慢慢」同行~課程發展策略與實務分享。教師天地,1(2),1-10。
    游家政(2002)。國民中學的課程領導。課程與教學季刊,5(2),1-20。
    游志弘(2005)。國小教師參與學校本位課程發展之歷程與專業成長(未出版之碩士論文)。台中師範學院,台中市。
    莊勝利(2005)。我國中小學校領導的新思維一教師領導。學校行政雙月刊,40,17-29。
    楊美惠(2005)。國民小學教師課程領導行為影響因素之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺北教育大學,臺北市。
    楊延昭(2007)。新加坡基礎教育課程改革的實踐及啟示。武漢市教育科學研究院學報,5(2),132-136。
    楊朝祥(2014)。十二年國民基本教育:政策爭議與對策。教育資料與研究,115,1-26。
    楊瑩(主編)(2014)。英國教育(二):Education UK II。臺北:高等教育。
    湯志民(2008)。學校創新經營理:政大附中的理念、策略與環境。政大附中學報,1,1-55。
    湯志民(2009)。教育領導與學校環境。教育研究月刊,181,16-28。
    甄曉蘭(2001)。推動學校本位課程發展的困難與策略。教育研究月刊,85,42-53。
    甄曉蘭(2002)。學校本位課程發展的理念與實務策略。載於潘慧玲(主編),學校革新理念與實踐(頁141-171)。臺北:學富文化。
    甄曉蘭、鍾靜(2002)。學校本位課程發展相關問題及其相應措施之研究。師大學報:教育類,47(1),1-16。
    甄曉蘭、簡良平(2002)。學校本位課程發展權力重整問題之批判分析。教育研究集刊,48(1),65-93。
    趙廣林(2012)。國民小學分享領導、教師領導與學校組織文化關係之研究。(未出版之博士論文)。國立台北教育大學,臺北市。
    趙志成、何碧愉、張佳偉、李文浩(2013)。學校改進:理論與實踐。香港,中國:香港教育研究所。
    臺北市政府教育局(2013)。臺北市高級中學教學研究會設置計畫。取自:
    http://163.21.19.20/mediafile/2042003/fdownload/47/149/2014-9-28-8-47-25-149-nf1.pdf
    歐用生(1999)。落實學校本位的課程發展。國民教育,39(4),2-7。
    葉明華(2000)。國民小學運用團隊型組織與學校效能關係之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立台灣師範大學,臺北市。
    葉連祺(2014)。國小校長課程領導之實踐課題。學校行政,91,1-32。
    魯先華(2002)。從教學領導到課程領導-相關問題之探討。課程與教學5(2),55-64。
    郭朝渭(2006)。桃園縣國中領域教學研究會運作與提昇教學效能之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立東華大學,花蓮縣。
    郭騰展(2007)。學校領導的新典範-教師領導。學校行政雙月刊,49,150-175。
    潘慧玲(2005)。 台灣新一波之高中課程改革。文教新潮,10(3),6-20。
    潘慧玲、楊錦心、張嘉育、王如哲、張樹倫、黃文振(2004)。高職學校層級課程領導之研究。台北國立台灣師範大學教育研究中心,教育部。
    潘瑞玉(2006)。國民小學教師課程領導之研究─以彩虹國小六年級教學團隊為例。(未出版之碩士論文),國立臺北教育大學,臺北市。
    劉欣宜、洪詠善(2013)。高中職學校發展特色課程之課綱問題分析。課程研究,8(2),1-22。
    陳世修(2004)。國民小學學習領域召集人課程領導運作現況之研究。(未出版之碩士論文),國立臺北教育大學,臺北市。
    陳玉桂(2006)。學校革新中不可忽視的面向:談教師領導。學校行政,45,26-46。
    陳君武(2006)。學校課程發展委員會對教師彰權益能提升之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立台灣師範大學,臺北市。
    陳玟樺(2007)。捕捉隱默的力量—學習領域課程小組教師課程決定的反思實踐個案研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立台灣師範大學,臺北市。
    陳佩英(2008)。教師領導之興起與發展。教育研究月刊,171,41-57。
    陳佩英(2015)。結構縫隙、社群連結與教育學想像的實踐。中等教育,66(1),58-78。
    陳佩英、焦傳今(2009)。分散式領導與專業學習社群之建構-一所高中教學創新計劃的個案研究。教育科學研究期刊,54(1),55-86。
    陳佩英、高嘉徽、應尹甄(2012)。促進高中優質化的專業學習社群發展。台灣教育評論月刊,1(11),36-42。
    陳佩英、簡菲莉(2015)。高中優質化的藍海航程紀實。臺北:教育部國民及學前教育署。
    陳偉泓(2008)。特色課程如何促成高中優質化之初探─學校本位課程的另一風貌。 論文發表於教育部中部辦公室主辦之「97學年度高中優質化補助方案總檢討會議」,新北市。
    陳玉玫(2010)。國小教師領導之實踐探究:以一所學校為例。嘉大教育研究學刊,25,33-61。
    陳正專(2010)。分佈式領導的微觀政治學。彰化師大教育學報,18,1-27。
    陳正專(2011)。領導權力分佈之教師行為與相關議題。教育研究學報,45(2),137-160。
    陳怡卉(2010)。國民中學校長分散式領導與學校教育成效關係之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立政治大學,臺北市。
    陳登隆(2010)。國民中小學教師領導對教師工作滿意度影響之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立政治大學,臺北市。
    陳美如、莊惠如(2012)。朝向一個創造「共好」的課程推展體系探究:機制建立與人才培育取向。課程研究,7(1),1-32。
    陳斐卿、林盈秀、蕭述三(2013)。教師合作設計課程的困難—活動理論觀點。教育實踐與研究,26(1),63-94。
    陳映如(2014)。國民中小學特色學校永續經營指標之發展與建構。市北教育學刊,48,83-126。
    陳延興(2014)。當前英國品德教育之研究與啟示。教育資料與研究,113,75-103。
    陳建志、鐘巧如(2014)。當代分布式領導在教育領導之發展與應用。教育研究與發展期刊,3,1-24。
    陳啟榮(2015)。中小學學校行政困境與革新方案。台灣教育評論月刊,4(2),78-82。
    賴千峰(2006)。私立國小教師參與課程領導之個案研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺北教育大學,台北市。
    賴志峰(2008a)。分布式領導的意義、構面與主張。教育研究月刊,171,28-40。
    賴志峰(2008b)。分布式領導理論之探究-學校領導者、追隨者和情境的交互作用。國民教育研究學報,20,87-113。
    賴志峰(2009)。教師領導理論及實踐之探析。教育研究與發展期刊,5(3),113-144。
    賴志峰、張盈霏(2012)。教師領導的研究成果之初步分析。庶民文化研究,6,1-29。
    韓桂英(2008)。增進學習領域召集人領導教學團隊能力之具體策略。教師天地,152,41-46。
    蔣圓圓(2008)。學校有效領導力:一種分散式領導實踐的視角。現代教育論壇,2008(11),13-19。
    蔡清田、王霄燕(2002)。國小校長課程領導實際行動之探究:以一所台灣南部鄉村小學的安校長為例。課程與教學,5(2),21-35。
    蔡進雄(2004)。談教師領導的趨勢與發展。教育資料與研究,59,92-98。
    蔡進雄(2011)。教師領導的理論、實踐與省思。中等教育,62(2),8-19。
    蔡進雄(2013)。學校領導的新趨勢:從金字塔到鑽石。教育人力與專業發展期刊,30(3),73-80。
    蔡宗河(2005)。英國《學科領導人標準》對我國教師專業發展的啟示。教育研究集刊,51(3),101-133。
    蔡宗河(2006)。學校組織之中層管理:以英國學科層級之課程領導為例。教育政策論壇,9(3),99-128。
    蔡宗河(2008)。國民小學學習領域課程領導之研究(未出版之博士論文)。國立新竹教育大學,新竹市。
    謝譯瑩(2012)。學校本位課程發展下之統整課程設計研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立中正大學,嘉義縣。
    優質學校改進計劃(2015)。香港特殊學校的挑戰與改進:「大學—學校」夥伴協作的經驗與反思。香港:優質學校改進計劃。
    簡良平(2001)。學校自主發展課程中課程籌劃的探究。課程與教學,4(2),25-46。
    簡良平(2003)。學校課程決定理論與實證。台北:師大書苑。
    簡良平(2004)。教師即課程決定者-課程實踐的議題。課程與教學季刊,7(2),95-114。
    簡菲莉、陳佩英(2015)。從功能領導到動能領導:實踐研究0與1之間的學校領導。載於方永泉、湯仁燕(主編),教育的想像:演化與創新(頁139-160)。臺北:學富。
    簡梅瑩、孔令堅(2016)。教師專業學習社群於推動適性教育之運作:以一所私立高中特色課程規劃為例。學校行政,101,146-165。
    顏惠君(2005)。學習領域課程小組課程決定之個案研究--以國中語文領域國文科
    為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    譚為任(2003)。學校本位課程發展之課程領導研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立中正大學,嘉義縣。
    譚彩鳳(2007)。學科領導在課程改革中的角色:香港個案研究。課程研究,3(1),109-138。
    譚彩鳳(2010)。教師校本課程決定及其影響因素之研究:香港個案研究。教育研究發展期刊,6(2),1-32。
    鄭崇趁(2006)。學校創新經營的積極策略。教育研究,145,50-58。
    鄭淵全(2012)。國小校長在校本課程發展的課程領導作為及其相關問題之研究。新竹教育大學教育學報,25(1),1-19。
    鄭淵全、蔡雅茹 (2012)。國小校長課程領導行為、教師教學信念、教師創新教學行為與國小學童創造力傾向關係之研究。學校行政,78,183-202。
    蕭錫錡、楊豪森、黃天助(2007)。面對課程變革高職校長課程領導困境之研究。高雄師大學報,23,51-56。
    蕭友婷(2012)。高雄市國民中學學校課程發展委員會運作現況及課程決定回饋情形之探討(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺南大學,臺南市。
    薛雅慈(2012)。因應十二年國教下我國高中特色課程政策的發展趨勢:兼論當前優質化高中特色課程發展型態。十二年國教的築夢與踏實國際學術研討會,國立台灣師範大學。
    蘇美麗(2002)。學校本位課程領導之研究:以陽光國小為例。朝陽人文社會學刊,1(2),39-69。
    Adey, K. (2000). Professional development priorities. The views of Middle Managers in Secondary Schools. Educational Management and Administration, 28(4), 418- 431.
    Angelle, P. S. (2010). An Organizational Perspective of Distributed Leadership: A Portrait of a Middle School. Research in Middle Level Education, 33(5), 1-16.
    Barth, R. S. (1990). Improving schools from within: Teachers, parents, and principals can make a difference. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
    Barth, R. S. (2001). Teacher Leader. Phi Delta Kappan, 82(6), 443-449.
    Bell, D. (1996). Subject specialist, co-ordinator, leader or manager? Paper presented at the BERA Conference, Lancaster University, UK.
    Barnett, W. P. & Hansen, M. T. (1996). The red queen in organizational evolution. Strategic Managerial Journal, 17(1), 139-157.
    Bishop, H. L., Tinley, A., & Berman, B. T. (1997). A contemporary leadership model to promote teacher leadership. Action in Teacher Education, 19(3), 77–81.
    Blandford, S. (1997). Middle Management in Schools: How to harmonise managing and teaching for an effective school. London, England: Pearson Education Limited.
    Blandford, S. (2006). Middle leadership in schools: Harmonising leadership and Learning (2nd ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson.
    Brown, M., & Rutherford, D. (1998). Changing Roles and Raising Standards: New challenges for heads of department. School Leadership & Management, 18(1), 75-88. doi:10.1080/13632439869781
    Brown, M., Rutherford, D. & Boyle, B. (2000). Leadership for school improvement: The role of the head of department in UK secondary schools. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 11(2), 237-258.
    Busher, H. & Harris, A. (1999). Leadership of School Subject Areas: Tensions and dimensions of managing in the middle. School Leadership and Management, 19,
    305-317.
    Busher, H. (2005). Being a middle leader: Exploring professional identities. School Leadership and Management, 25(1), 137-154.
    Bennett, N., Harvey, J. A., Wise, C., & Woods, P. (2003). Distributed leadership: Summary report. Retrieved from: http://www.ncsl.org.uk/media-7b5-67- distributed-leadership-literature-review.pdf
    Bennett, N., Woods, P., Wise, C., & Newton, W. (2007). Understandings of middle leadership in secondary schools: A review of empirical research. School Leadership & Management, 27(5), 453-470.
    Bradely, L. H. (2004). Curriculum Leadership: beyond boilerplate standards. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Education.
    Bush, T. (2008). Leadership and Management Development in Education. London, England: Sage Publications.
    Bush, T. (2011). Theories of Educational Leadership and Management: Fourth Edition. London, England: Sage.
    Bush, T. & Jackson, D. (2002). A Preparation for School Leadership International Perspectives. Educational Management & Administration, 30(4), 417-429.
    Bush, T. & Middlewood, D. (2005). In Leading and managing people in education (pp. 107-122). London, England: Sage Publications.
    Bush, T. & Glover, D. (2011). Distributed leadership in action: Leading high-performing leadership teams in English schools. School Leadership & Management: Formerly School Organisation, 32(1), 21-36.
    Bolden, R. (2008). Distributed Leadership. In A.Marturano and J. Gosling (Eds.), Leadership, The Key Concepts (pp42-45). London, England: Routledge.
    Bolden, R. (2011). Distributed Leadership in Organizations: A Review of Theory and Research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13, 251–269.
    Bassett, M.J. (2012). Developing Middle Level Leaders in New Zealand Secondary Schools, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
    Branson, C. M., Franken, M., & Penney, D. (2015). Middle leadership in higher education: A relational analysis. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/1741143214558575.
    Crowther, F., Kaagan, S., Ferguson, M., & Hann, L. (2002). Developing Teacher Leaders: How teacher leadership enhances school success. Thousand Oaks,
    CA: Corwin Press.
    Copland, M. A. (2003). Leadership of inquiry: Building and sustaining capacity for school improvement. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 25(4), 375-395.
    Collarbone, P. (2003). Touching Tomorrow: Remodelling in English Schools. Australian Economic Review, 38(1), 75-82.
    Camburn, E., Rowan, B., & Taylor, J. (2003). Distributed leadership in schools: The case of elementary schools adopting comprehensive school reform models. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 25(4), 347-343.
    Cranston, N. (2009). Middle-level school leaders: Understanding their roles and aspirations. In N. Cranston & L. Erich (Eds.), Australian school leadership today (pp. 217-241). Bowen Hills QLD, Australia: Australian Academic Press.
    Caldwell, B. J. (2005). School-based management. Education Policy Series (3). Paris, France:UNESCO/International Institute for Educational Planning and International Academy of Education.
    Craggs,S. (2011). Challenge and Opportunity: Middle Leaders and the Implementation of The New Zealand Curriculum. Auckland, New Zealand: Unitec.
    Cladingbowl, M. (2013). The key role of middle leaders-an Ofsted perspective. Available at: http://www.teachingleaders.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Mike-Cladingbowl_Ofsted_key-role-of-middle-leaders_Q3_13.pdf (accessed 22 April 2015).
    Denzin, N. K. (1970). The Research Act in Sociology. Chicago, IL: Aldine.
    Denzin, N. K. (1978). Sociological Methods. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
    Dimmock, C. & Lee, J. C. K. (2000). Redesigning school-based curriculum leadership: A cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Curriculum and Supervision, 15(4),332-358.
    Day, C., & Harris, A. (2002). Teacher leadership, reflective practice and school improvement. In K. Leithwood & P. Hallinger (Eds.), Second international
    handbook of educational leadership and administration (pp. 957­978). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    Day, C., Sammons, P., Harris, A., Hopkins, D., Leithwood, K., Gu, Q., Penlington, C., Mehta, P. and Kington, A. (2007). The Impact of School Leadership on Pupil Outcomes: Interim Report. Nottingham: National College for School Leadership for Department for Children, Schools and Families.
    Dozier, T. K. (2007). Turning Good Teachers into Great Leaders. Educational Leadership, 65(1), 54-59.
    DCSF. (2009). The impact of school leadership on pupil outcomes. Research Report DCSF-RR108, Nottingham, Department for Children, Schools & Families.
    Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532-550.
    Ervay, S. B., & Roach, C. S. (1996). The curriculum leader: A comprehensive guide for the curriculum decision maker. Emporia, KS: The curriculum leadership Institute.
    Earl, L. & Katz, S. (2007). Leadership in networked learning communities: Defining the terrain. School Leadership and Management, 27(3), 239-258.
    Floyd, S. W. & Wooldridge, B. (1997). Middle management’s strategic influemce and organizational performance. Journal of Management Studies, 34(3), 465-485.
    Fullan, M. (1998). Introduction: Scaling up the educational change process. In A. Hargreaves, A. Lieberman, M. Fullan, & D. W. Hopkins(Eds.), International handbook of educational change (pp. 671-672). Dordrecht, the Netherlands, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic.
    Fullan, M. (2001). The new meaning of educational change. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
    Fullan, M. (2002). Leadership and Sustainability. Principal Leadership, 3 (4), 1-9.
    Fullan, M. (2007). Organizational Learning: Improving learning, teaching, and leading in school systems. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    Fitzgerald, T. (2000). Middle Managers in Secondary Schools: Who are they and what do they need to know? New Zealand Journal of Educational Administration, 15,
    71-75.
    Fitzgerald, T. (2009). The Tyranny of Bureaucracy: Continuing Challenges of Leading and Managing from the Middle. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 37 (1), 51–65.
    Fitzgerald, T., Gunter, H., & Eaton, J. (2006). The missing link? Middle leadership in schools in New Zealand and England. New Zealand Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, 21 (1), 29-43.
    Fleming, P. (2000). The Art of Middle Management in Secondary Schools: A Guide to Effective Subject and Team Leadership. London, England: Fulton.
    Fairman, J., & Mackenzie, S. (2014). Supporting Teacher Learning and Leadership: Progress and Challenge. Paper presented at ECER, Porto, Portugal.
    Fleming, P.(2014). Successful Middle Leadership in Secondary Schools: A practical guide to subject and team effectiveness. London, England: Taylor & Francis Ltd.
    Fleming, P., & Amesbury, M. (2001). The Art of Middle Management in Primary Schools. London, England: Fulton.
    Frost, D., & Harris, A. (2003). Teacherleadership:Towards a research agenda. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 479-498.
    Gehrke, N. (1991). Developing Teacher Leadership Skills. ERIC. Retrieved ED330691.
    Gross, S. J. (1998). Staying centered: curriculum leadership in a turbulent era. Alexandria, Va.: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
    Glover, D., Gleeson, D., Gough, G., & Johnson, M. (1998). The Meaning of Management: The Development Needs of Middle Managers in Secondary Schools. Educational Management and Adminstration, 26(3), 279-292.
    Glover, D. & Miller, D. (1999). The working day of the subject leader and the impact of interruptions on teaching and learning in secondary schools. Educational Research, 41(3), 341-349.
    Glatthorn, A. A. (2000). The principal as curriculum leader : shaping what is taught & tested (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA.: Corwin Press.
    Gronn, P. (2000). Distributed properties: A new architecture for leadership. Educational Management & Administration, 28(3), 317-338.
    Gronn, P. (2002a). Designer-leadership: The emerging global adoption of preparation standards. Journal of School Leadership, 12(5), 552-578.
    Gronn, P. (2002b). Distributed leadership. In K. Leithwood, P. Hallinger, G. Furman, P. Gronn, J. MacBeath, W. Mulford, & K. Riley (Eds.), Second international handbook of educational leadership and administration (pp. 653-696). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer.
    Gronn, P. (2002c). Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 423-451.
    Gronn, P. (2003). The new work of educational leaders: Changing leadership practice in an era of school reform. London, England: Paul Chapman Publishing.
    Gabriel, J. G. (2005). How to thrive as a teacher leader. Alexander, VA: ASCD.
    Greenlee, B.J. (2007). Building teacher leadership capacity through educational leadership programs. Journal of Research for Educational Leaders, 4(1), 44-74.
    Grenda, J. P. (2011). Instances and principles of distributed leadership: A multiple case study of distributed leadership practices in three Illinois middle schools. Doctor of Education, University of Illinois.
    General Teaching Council for Scotland. (2012). The Standards for Leadership and Management: Supporting leadership and management development. Retrieved
    from: http://www.gtcs.org.uk/web/files/the-standards/standards-for-leadership-and-management-1212.pdf
    Hallinger, P., & Richardson, D. (1988). Models of shared leadership: Evolving structures and relationships. The Urban Review, 20, 229¬-245.
    Hall, J. M. (1996). Curriculum leadership as perceived by North Dakota elementary principals and teachers (Unpublished doctoral dissertation) University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND.
    Hutchins, E. & Klausen, T. (1996). Distributed Cognition in an Airline Cockpit. In D.
    Middleton, & Y. Engeström, (Eds.), Communication and Cognition at Work(pp. 15-54) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    Henderson, J. G., & Hawthorne, E.D. (2000).Transformative curriculum leadership (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice-Hall.
    Harris, A. (2000). Effective Leadership and Departmental Improvement. Westminster Studies in Education, 23(1), 81-90.
    Harris, A. (2002). School Improvement: What’s in it for Schools? London, Routledge Falmer Press.
    Harris, A. (2003). Teacher leadership as distributive leadership: Heresy, fantasy or possibility? School Leadership and Management, 23(3), 313–324.
    Harris, A. (2005a). Leading or Misleading? Distributed Leadership and School Improvement. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 37(3), 255-265.
    Harris, A. (2005b). Teacher Leadership: More than Just a Feel-Good Factor? Leadership and Policy in Schools, 4, 201–219.
    Harris, A. (2007). Distributed leadership conceptual confusion and empirical reticence. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 10(3), 1-11.
    Harris, A. (2008). Distributed leadership: What We Know? Journal of Educational Administration, 46(2), 172-188.
    Harris, A. (2013). Distributed Leadership Matters: Perspectives, Practicalities and Potential. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
    Harris, A., Jamieson, I. M., & Russ, J. (1995). A study of effective departments in secondary school. School Organisation, 15(3), 283-299.
    Harris, A., Busher, H., & Wise, C. (2001). Effective Training for Subject Leaders. Journal of In-Service Education, 27(1), 83-94.
    Harris, A., & Spillane, J. (2008). Distributed leadership through the looking glass. Management in Education, 22(1), 31-34.
    Henderson, J. G., & Hawthorne, R. D. (2000).Transformative curriculum leadership (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Merrill.
    Hannay, L. M., Erb, C. S., & Ross, J. A. (2001). To the barricades: The relationship between secondary school organizational structure and the implementation of policy initiatives. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 4(2), 97-113.
    Hargreaves, A., & Fink, D. (2004). The Seven Principles of Sustainable Leadership. Educational Leadership, 61(7), 8-13.
    Hargreaves, A., & Fink, D. (2006). Sustainable leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
    Hadfield, M. (2005). Middle leaders and the nature of distributed leadership in networks. Paper presented at American Educational Research Association(AERA) Conference, Montreal.
    Hadfield, M. (2007). Co-leaders and middle leaders: The dynamic between leaders and followers in networks of schools. School Leadership and Management, 27(3), 259–283.
    Harrison, C. & Killion, J. (2007). Ten Roles for Teacher Leaders. Educational Leadership, 65(1), 74-77.
    Hammersley-Fletcher, L. & Kirkham, G. (2007).Middle leaders in primary school communities of practice: distribution or deception. School Leadership and Management, 27(5), 423-435.
    Hallinger, P. & Heck, R. (2009). Distributed leadership in schools: Does system policy make a difference? In A. Harris (Ed.), Distributed leadership (pp.101-117). Netherlands: Springer.
    Handler, B. (2010). Teacher as curriculum leader: A consideration of the appropriateness of that role assignment to classroom-based practitioners.International Journal of Teacher Leadership, 3(3), 32-42.
    Ho, J. M., Chen, V. D. T., Ng, D. F. S. (2015). Distributed leadership through the lens of Activity Theory. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(3). Advance online publication.
    Miles, M. B., Saxl, E. R., & Lieberman, A. (1988). What skills do educational 'change agents' need? An empirical view. Curriculum Inquiry, 18, 157¬-193.
    Muijs, D. & Harris, A. (2006). Teacher led school improvement: Teacher leadership in the UK. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22(8), 961–972.
    Moore, J. L.,& Rocklin, T. R.(1998). The distribution of distributed cognition: Multiple interpretations and uses. Educational Psychology Review, 10(1), 97-113.
    Muijs, D. & Harris, A. (2007). Teacher Leadership (In) action: three case studies of contrasting schools. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 35(1), 111-134.
    Kotter, J. P. (1999). What leaders really do. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
    Katzenmeyer, M., & Moller, G. (2001). Awakening the sleeping giant: Helping teachers develop as leaders. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
    Katzenmeyer, M., & Moller, G. (2009). Awakening the sleeping giant: Helping teachers develop as leaders (3nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Corwin.
    Kayworth, T. & Leidner, D. (2002). The global virtual manager: A prescription for success. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18 (3), 7–40.
    Kelly, J. (2011). Teacher's and teacher leaders' perceptions of the formal role of teacher leadership (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Department of Educational Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA.
    Koh, H. H., Gurr, D., Drysdale, L., & Ang, L. L. (2011). How school leaders perceive the leadership role of middle leaders in Singapore primary schools? Asia Pacific Education Review, 12(4), 609–620.
    Lambert, L. (1998). Building leadership capacity in schools. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
    Lee, J. C. K., & Dimmock, C. (1999). Curriculum leadership and management in secondary schools: A Hong Kong case study. School Leadership & Management, 19(4), 455-481.
    Lord, B. & Miller, B. (2000). Teacher leadership: An appealing and inescapable force in school reform? Newton, MA: Education Development Center, Inc.
    Leithwood, K. & Jantzi, D. (2000). Distributed Leadership and student engagement in school. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational
    Research Association. San Diego, CA.
    Little, J. W. (2003). Constructions of teacher leadership in three periods of policy and reform activism. School Leadership and Management, 23(4), 401-419.
    Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., Harris, A. & Hopkins, D. (2006), Seven Strong Claims about Successful Leadership. Nottingham, England: NCSL & DfES.
    Leithwood, K., Mascall, B. and Strauss, T. (2009). Distributed Leadership according to the Evidence. Abingdon, England: Routledge.
    Lashway, L. (2003). Distributed leadership. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED477356).
    Lieberman, A., Saxl, E. R., & Miles, M. B. (2006). Teacher leadership: Ideology and practice. In M. Fullan (Ed.), The Jossey-Bass reader on educational leadership (2nd ed.) (pp. 403-420). SF: Jossey-Bass.
    Lim-Chan, G. C. Y. (2007). The role of heads of department in cluster secondary schools in Singapore (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30923
    Lai, E. & Cheung, D. (2014). Enacting teacher leadership: The role of teachers in bringing about change. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(5) 673–692.
    Miller, B., Moon, J., & Elko, S. (2000). Teacher leadership in mathematics and science: Casebook and facilitator's guide. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
    Muijs, D., & Harris, A. (2003). Teacher leadership: Improvement through empowerment. Educational Management and Administration, 31(4), 437–449.
    Muijs, D., & Harris, A. (2006). Teacher led school improvement: Teacher leadership in the United Kingdom. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22, 961-972.
    MacBeath, J., Oduro, G., & Waterhouse, J. (2004). Distributed leadership in action: Full report. Nottingham, UK: National College for School Leadership.
    MacBeath, J. (2005). Leadership as distributed: a matter of practice. School Leadership and Management, 25(4), 349-366.
    Murphy, J. (2005). Connecting teacher leadership and school improvement. Corwin Press: Thousand Oaks, CA.
    Menon Eliophotou, M. (2011). Leadership theory and educational outcomes: The case of distributed and transformational leadership. Proceedings of the 24th
    International Congress for School Effectiveness and Improvement. Available at:
    http://www.icsei.net/icsei2011/Full%20Papers/0125.pdf.
    Niles, M. C. (1949). Middle Management: The Job of the Junior Administrator. New York, NY: Harper.
    National College for School Leadership (2003a). Distributed leadership. Retrieved from: http://oro.open.ac.uk/8534/1/
    National College for School Leadership (2003b). The heart of the Matter: A Practical Guide to What Middle Leaders can do to Improve Learning in Secondary Schools. Retrieved from: https://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/AFB01870-725A-4 273-8C45-CA053D0CAA64/0/CGT_CPD_Leading_randdleheartofthematter.pdf
    National College for School Leadership (2003c). The Role and Purpose of Middle Leaders in Schools. Retrieved from:http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/5118/14/download_id%3D17364%26filename%3Drole-purpose-of-middle-leaders-in-schools-full-report_Redacted.pdf
    National College for School Leadership (2003d).The future role of middle leaders in secondary schools. Retrieved from:
    http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/4935/1/the-future-role-of-middle-leaders-in-secondary-schools.pdf
    Ng, D. F. S., Wong, B., Choy, W. & Nguyen, T. D. (2015). Instructional leadership practices in Singapore. School Leadership & Management, 35(4), 388-407.
    OECD. (1979).School-based curriculum development. Paris, France: OECD.
    OECD, Task Force on Teaching and Learning International Survey. (2009). Report of Creating Effective Teaching and Learning Environments. Retrieved from: http://www.oecd.org/education/school/43023606.pdf
    OECD. (2011). Singapore: Rapid Improvement Followed by Strong Performance. Lessons from PISA for the United States, Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education (pp.159-176). OECD Publishing.
    Oduro, G.K.T. (2004). Distributed leadership in schools: What English headteachers say about the pull and push factors. Paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, University of Manchester, September 16-18, 2004. Retrieved from: http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00003673.htm
    O’Rourke, M. & Burrows, P. (2013). Review of contemporary research on middle and teacher leaders. Educational Leadership, 70, 15-24.
    Ofsted(2013). School Inspection Handbook. Available:
    https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/school-inspection-handbook
    Odhiambo, G. (2014). Squeezed? The role, purpose and development of middle leaders in schools. Joint Australian Association for Research in Education and New Zealand Association for Research in Education(AARE/NZARE) conference 2014, Brisbane: Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE).
    Pea, R. (1993). Practices of distributed intelligence and designs for education. In G. Solomon (Ed.), Distributed cognitions: Psychological and educational considerations (pp. 47-87). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    Paulu, N. & Winters, K. (1998). Teachers leading the way: Voices from the National Teacher Forum. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education.
    Peak, R. (2010). Middle Leadership of Teams in Large New Zealand Secondary Schools. Thesis presented for Master of Educational leadership and Management, Unitec Institute of Technology. Auckland, New Zealand.
    Peak, R. (2014). Building leadership from the middle. Paper presented at NZEALS Conference, Victoria University, Wellington, April 2014.
    Rogers, Y. & Ellis, J. (1994). Distributed Cognition: An alternative framework for analysing and explaining collaborative working. Journal of Information Technology, 9(2), 119-128.
    Senge, P. (1990). In The fifth discipline: Evaluative inquiry for learning in organisations. London, England: Century Business.
    Sammons, P., Thomas, S. & Mortimore, P. (1997). Forging Links: Effective Schools and Effective Departments. London, England: Paul Chapman, ISBN1-85396-349-6.
    Silva, D., Gimbert, B. & Nolan, J. (2000). Sliding the doors: locking and unlocking possibilities for teacher leadership. Teachers College Record, 102(4), 779-804.
    Starratt, R. J. (2003). Centering educational administration: Cultivating meaning, community, responsibility. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    Spillane, J. P. (2005). Distributed Leadership. The Educational Forum, 69(2), 143-148.
    Spillane, J. P. (2006). Distributed leadership, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
    Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R. & Diamond, J.B. (2001). Towards a theory of leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Northwestern University, Institute for Policy Research Working Article.
    Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R. & Diamond, J. B. (2004). Towards a theory of leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 36(1), 3-34.
    Smith, L. M. (2007). A study of teacher engagement in four dimensions of distributed leadership in one school district in Georgia(Unpublished doctoral dissertation).
    Department of Leadership, Technology, and Human Development, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia.
    Simkins, T. (2009). Integrating work based learning into large scale national leadership development programmes in the UK. Educational Review, 61(4), 391-405.
    Sally, A. S. (2013). The Relationship Between Teacher Leadership and Student Achievement (doctoral dissertation). Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY. Retrieved from: http://encompass.eku.edu/etd/138/
    Sepúlveda, R., Villalón, M., Volante, P. (2013). The Challenge of Leading Teacher Peers: Towards the Characterization of Middle Leadership and the Relevance of Tolerance and Freedom. International Journal of Education and Research, 1(5), 1-18.
    Turner, C. & Bolam, R. (1998). Analysing the role of the subject head of department in England and Wales: towards a theoretical framework. School Leadership and
    Management, 18 (3), 373-88.
    Teddlie, C., & Yu, F. (2007). Mixed methods sampling: A typology with examples. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1, 77-100.
    Turnbull, J. K. (2011). Leadership in context: Lessons from new leadership theory and current leadership development practice. Retrieved from: http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/files/kf/Leadership-in-context-leadership-theory-current-leadership-development-practice-Kim-Turnbull-James-The-Kings-Fund-May-2011.pdf (accessed 16 December 2014)
    Thorpe, A. & Melnikova, J. (2014). The system of middle leadership in secondary schools in England and its implications for the Lithuanian educational
    system. ATEE Spring University: Changing Education in a Changing Society, 16(1), 33-39.
    Toop, J. (2013). Reducing within-school variation and the role of middle leadership. In J. Clifton (Ed.), Excellence and equity: Tackling educational disadvantage in England's secondary schools(pp. 58-64). London, England: IPPR.
    Toop, J. (2014). The Changing Face of Middle Leadership. Paper presented at the Inspiring Leadership Conference, Birmingham, England, June 11-13, 2014. Retrieved from:
    http://uat.cfbt.com/~/media/CfBTCorporate/Files/Resources/inspiring-leadership-2014/workshop-James-Toop-Middle-leadership-is-changing.pdf
    Wee, H.T. & Chong, K.C. (1990). 25 years of school management. In J. Yip & W.K. Sim, (Eds.), Evolution o f Educational Excellence: 25 Years o f Education in the Republic o f Singapore, Singapore, Prentice Hall.
    Wasley, P. (1991). Teachers as leaders: The rhetoric of reform and the realities of practice. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
    Wise, C. S. (1999). The Role of Academic Middle Managers in Secondary Schools, (unpublished PhD thesis), University Of Leicester, UK.
    Wise, C. S. (2001). The monitoring role of the academic middle manager in secondary
    schools. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 29(3), 333-341.
    Wise, C., & Bush, T. (1999). From teacher to manager: the role of the academic middle manager in secondary schools. Educational Research, 41(2), 183-195.
    Wise, C. & Busher, H.(2001). The subject leader. In D. Middlewood & N. Burton (Eds.), Managing the curriculum (pp.122-134). London, England: Paul Chapman.
    White, P. (2000). Curriculum area middle managers in Victorian secondary schools: an unmapped region. Post-Script, 1(1), 79-89.
    West Chester University. (2004). An introduction to distributed leadership. Retrieved from: http://www.wcupa.edu/_information/Distlead.htm
    Woods, P. A., Bennet, N., Harvey, J. A., & Wise, C. (2004). Variabilities and dualities in distributed leadership: Findings from a systematic literature review.
    Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 32(4), 439-457.
    William, P., Barnett, N., & Morten, T., Hansen, (2007). The red queen in organizational evolution. Strategic Management Journal, 17(7), 139-157.
    Wooldridge, B., Schmid, T. & Floyd, S. W. (2008). The middle management perspective on strategy process: contributions, synthesis, and future research.
    Journal of Management, 34, 190–221.
    Wahlstrom, K., Louis, K.S., Leithwood, K., & Anderson, S. (2010). Learning from leadership: Investigating the links to improved student learning. Executive summary of research findings. St. Paul, MN: Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, University of Minnesota & Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at The University of Toronto.
    Yin, R. K.(2001). Case Study Research: Design and Method(2nd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    York-Barr, J., & Duke, K. (2004). What do we know about teacher leadership? Findings from two decades of scholarship. Review of Educational Research, 74, 255–316.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE