目的：武術是中華文化很重要的國粹，長久以來就是強身強國的屏障。而國術中的馬步動作又是所有國術動作中最基本的動作。而有些跳躍騰空動作必須經過馬步然後再起跳躍起攻擊。本研究即欲探討武術選手在實施馬步起跳向左、向右各旋轉180度及360度時的運動學與動力學參數變化，以做為武術教練、選手們訓練時的參考。方法：以8名男性甲組武術選手，其慣用腳為右腳，使用10台VICON 3D MX-13+ (200 Hz)動作分析系統，並利用兩塊Kistler測力板(1000 Hz)收集左、右腳在馬步起跳後運動學與動力學參數。並用其所得資料利用無母數統計弗里曼二因子等級變異數檢定來比較各個動作，若達顯著差異則再進行事後比較，顯著水準訂為α = .05。相關參數分析研究結論：（一）慣用起跳腳的力量都大於非慣用腳。（二）著地時非慣用腳受到地面反作用力較大。（三）馬步起跳時右髖呈現伸展左髖呈現屈曲。（四）馬步著地時右髖關節呈現伸展右踝呈現背屈，左髖呈現屈曲左踝呈現蹠屈。

Chinese Martial Art is one of very important Chinese cultures. The Horse Stance is the very important training movement in the Matial art. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics and kinetics variables of Chinese Martial Arts Horse Stance Jumping in 180ﾟ and 360ﾟdifferent turning directions. The participants were eight elite collegiate male martial art athletes (ages: 21 ± 2 years; height: 176 ± 8cm; weight: 68 ± 6 kg). The mark trajectories were collected by VICON system (200Hz) and the kinematic variables were computed by Visual 3D software. The GRF variables were recorded by two Kistler (1000Hz). All the variables were tested by Friedman two-way analysis of variance nonparametric statistical test and the post-hoc comparison were computed by SPSS 20.0, the significant levels as α = .05. The results were: There was a greater peak GRF value in the dominate foot than the non-dominate foot during the propulsive phase. The non-dominate foot landing GRF was greater than the donminate foo. We found that there was a hip joint extension movement in right foot during the propulsive phase while the left hip joint performed the flexion movement.

Key Words: GRF, Dominant leg , limb joint,

一、中文部分

朱木炎. (2010). 跆拳道優秀與次優秀選手慣用腳與非慣用腳、雙腳連續旋踢探討比較之個案研究. (碩士), 國立體育大學, 桃園縣.

何金山, 陳政宇, 孔建嘉, & 陳克舟. (2011). 排球選手膝關節之運動傷害調查與負荷機轉. [Sport-injury Investigations and Loading Mechanism of Knee Joint in Volleyball Players]. 彰化師大體育學報(10), 51-59.

李書維, & 黃長福. (1995). 不同高度赤腳著地動作之生物力學分析. [Biomechanical Analysis of the Barefoot Drop Landing from Different Heights]. 體育學報(20), 213-224.

李毅涵. (2013). 武術太極拳難度動作「騰空擺蓮360°接提膝獨立」之運動生物力學分析. (碩士), 國立體育大學, 桃園縣.

林佳葦. (2011). 不同站姿準備寬度對初學者與有經驗舞者的芭蕾旋轉動作控制的影響. 成功大學. Available from Airiti AiritiLibrary database. (2011年)

林坤勇. (2014). 不同高度單腳著地下肢關節角度與地面反作用力之關係. (碩士), 國立新竹教育大學, 新竹市.

林易衡. (2004). 台灣優秀男子武術選手不同轉體角度旋風腳運動學分析. 臺灣師範大學. Available from Airiti AiritiLibrary database. (2004年)

林彥廷. (2013). 不同等級籃球選手專項體能比較與相關性研究. [Comparison and Correlates of Specific Physical Fitness in Different Level Basketball Players]. 運動教練科學(29), 19-34. doi: 10.6194/scs.2013.29.02

徐偉龍. (2008). 對河北省武術隊太極拳運動員騰空擺蓮540°接雀地龍動作技術的運動學分析. 河北師範大學. Available from Airiti AiritiLibrary database. (2008年論文)

袁學彬. (2012). 競技武術套路旋風腳720°接馬步的個案研究.
崔鑫. (2010). 武術套路健將吳雪琴騰空擺蓮540°+雀地龍技術動作的運動生物力學診斷. 武漢体育學院. Available from Airiti AiritiLibrary database. (2010年論文)

張英智, 黃長福, & 趙國斌. (1994). 三個不同高度著地動作的生物力學分析. [Biomechanics Analysis of Drop Landing from Three Different Heights]. 體育學報(18), 195-205.

莊泰源. (2006). 支撐腳穩定度對足球定位踢球準確性之相關研究. [The Association Study of Supporting Leg Stability and Kicking Accuracy in Soccer Players]. 運動生理暨體能學報(4), 117-128.

郭西魁. (2010). 競技武術套路側空翻轉體360°動作分析.

郭明明. (2007). 梅寒旋子轉體720°起跳技術的運動學分析. [Kinematics Analysis of Mei Han's Movement Revolving Turn 720°Jumping Techniques]. 沈阳体育学院学报(2007年 2), 116-119.

陳帝佑, 李志明, 唐人屏, 黃長福, & 陳重佑. (1997). 武術“騰空飛腳”助跑階段的生物力學分析. [Biomechanical Analysis of Run-up of the Wushu Jumping-Front-Kick]. 體育學報(24), 97-108.

舒偉哲. (2011). 著地於不同斜坡方向對人體能量吸收比及關節力矩之探討. 臺北教育大學. Available from Airiti AiritiLibrary database. (2011年)

黃秋琴. (2006). 跆拳道兩種360°旋轉動作之運動生物力學分析. 臺灣師範大學. Available from Airiti AiritiLibrary database. (2006年)

楊明智. (2008). 不同運動方向與高度著地之生物力學分析. (碩士), 國立臺北教育大學, 台北市.

劉野. (2005). 武術“腾空擺蓮”360°動作技術運動學特徵分析. 東北師範大學. Available from Airiti AiritiLibrary database. (2005年論文)

劉鵬. (2012). 少兒競技武術中騰空飛腳的技術動作研究.

蔡佳良, & 黃啟煌. (2000). 「慣用腳」的謎思. 中華體育季刊, 13(4), 14-21.

蔡佳良, 黃啟煌, & 吳昇光. (2005). 不同定義之慣用腳靜態平衡力、對地反作用力及速度之探討. [The Static Balance, Ground Reaction, and Speed of the Dominant Leg with Different Definitions]. 大專體育學刊, 7(2), 227-240.

盧鼎厚, & 韓世真. (1995). 提高淺蹲彈跳起跳能力的肌肉工作分析: 北京體育大學學報.

二、英文部分

Decker, M. J., Torry, M. R., Wyland, D. J., Sterett, W. I., & Richard Steadman, J. (2003). Gender differences in lower extremity kinematics, kinetics and energy absorption during landing. Clinical Biomechanics, 18(7), 662-669. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(03)00090-1

Haguenauer, M., Legreneur, P., & Monteil, K. M. (2006). Influence of figure skating skates on vertical jumping performance. Journal of Biomechanics, 39(4), 699-707. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.01.005

McNitt-Gray, J. L. (1993). Kinetics of the lower extremities during drop landings from three heights. Journal of Biomechanics, 26(9), 1037-1046. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(05)80003-X

Schmitz, R. J., Kulas, A. S., Perrin, D. H., Riemann, B. L., & Shultz, S. J. (2007). Sex differences in lower extremity biomechanics during single leg landings. Clinical Biomechanics, 22(6), 681-688. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.03.001

Yeow, C. H., Lee, P. V. S., & Goh, J. C. H. (2009). Effect of landing height on frontal plane kinematics, kinetics and energy dissipation at lower extremity joints. Journal of Biomechanics, 42(12), 1967-1973. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.05.017

Yeow, C. H., Lee, P. V. S., & Goh, J. C. H. (2011). An investigation of lower extremity energy dissipation strategies during single-leg and double-leg landing based on sagittal and frontal plane biomechanics. Human Movement Science, 30(3), 624-635. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2010.11.010

Yeow, C. H., Lee, P. V. S., & Goh, J. C. H. (2011). Non-linear flexion relationships of the knee with the hip and ankle, and their relative postures during landing. The Knee, 18(5), 323-328. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2010.06.006