本研究的主要目的在於根據歸因理論、學得無助感理論與自我效能
理論探討不同性別與歸因再訓練策略對歸因形式、自我效能及技能表現
的影響。
本研究以臺北縣新莊市恆毅中學60名經體育教師推薦具有學習低能
力現象，並經本研究調查有失敗不合宜歸因傾向的學生男女各半為受試
者。研究架構採 2 (男、女)× 3 (口語歸因回饋、自我正向教導與控
制組)二因子等組設計，共六個細格。採隨機分派，每一細格10 名受試
者。以「原因向度量表」與「成就預期量表」為評量工具；分別測量其
歸因形式與自我效能。並採攝影方法拍攝受試者之技能表現，由五位合
格裁判進行技能表現評分。所得資料以二因子變異數分析、事後比較與
皮爾遜積差相關進行分析。結果顯示：
一、就失敗歸因形式而言，不同性別與歸因再訓練策略間沒有交互
作用，且男女性別間亦沒有差異；惟，口語歸因回饋與正向自
我教導兩組傾向做失敗之內在、不穩定、可控制歸因，而控制
組則傾向做失敗之內在、穩定、不可控制歸因。
二、就自我效能而言，性別與歸因再訓練策略間沒有交互作用；性
別間亦沒有差異。在歸因再訓練策略各組中，口語歸因回饋與
正向自我教導兩組間沒有差異，但兩組的自我效能均高於控制
組。
三、就技能表現而言，性別與歸因再訓練策略間沒有交互作用；性
別間亦沒有差異。在歸因再訓練策略各組中，口語歸因回饋與
正向自我教導兩組間沒有差異，但兩組的技能表現均優於控制
組。

The main target in this research is based on attribution
theoritics from which we got theory of learned helplessness
and self-efficacy in order to serch different sexs and
attribution retraining strategies in attribution to failed
tendencies as well as influency of self-efficacy and skill
performances.
This research that there are sixty students with low
learning ability in physical activity observed by a physical
education teacher of Hengyi middle school of Hsingchuan city,
Taipei Hsien, and there are each halves of two kind of the
sex students whom this research have investigated failure,
unfitted attribution to tendency have chosen as tested
persons. In the frame of the research, we were adopted by 2
(male, female) × 3 (spoken language attributed to repay,
self instruction in definite manner an d control sets) 2
factors set on the design and so forth, which is totaled as
six tiny trellis and that we adopted assingments following
machines for ten of the tests in each one tiny trellis.
Those of the students were put in "Causal Dimension Scale"
and "Achievement Expectation Scale" as a tool of the points
given by a judge in which we could be separately criticized
their in attribution to the formality and self-efficacy;
moreover the researchers who use photography methods make
the test's skills to be a ble to display on us let the five
qualified judgers giving the points for the test's skill
performances, and then the information gotten from examina-
tions would be analyzed by tow-way ANOVA , after that
researchers should be compared it with Pearson's product-
moment correlation made analysis as showing:
1. In one word, the failure attributed to tendency that there
are not mutual functions in the stratigies between
different sexes and attribution retraining strategies.
Although it is not different sexes of the both male and
female; these two sets that spoken language in attribution
to repay and self direct instruction was tending to the
failure of the internal, unstable, controllable attribu-
tion; control set was tending to perform failure in the
internal, stable uncontrollbale attribution.
2. To talk about self-efficacy, It is not mutual functions in
the sexs and the attribution retaining strategies; however
the sexes have not difference. The strategy of attribution
retraining in all sets, the spoken language in attribution
to repay and self direct instruction have not difference in
that two sets, and self-efficacy of the two sets are super-
ior to control set.
3. Talking about skill performances, It is not mutual functions
in the sexes and the attribution retraining strategies; and
therefore have not difference in the sexes as well.
Attribution retraining strategies operated in all sets, so
far as the spoken language in atttribution to repay and self
direct instruction between two sets have not difference;
they showed skill performing in two sets being superior than
control set.
The main target in this research is based on attribution