本研究探討的是藝術創作者在偽知識的基礎上進行創作所會產生的現象及延伸產生的問題。許多藝術創作都是建立在不穩固的知識基礎上，有時是因為當時的客觀環境限制造成創作者知識的缺乏，有時是因為創作者主觀的取捨造成既有的知識架構受到扭曲，有時是這兩個因素同時發生。創作行為其實就是創作者從他生活環境所學習到的知識或是經歷過的事物中，主觀篩選出他所關注的區塊之後，再重新組織出新的知識架構。因此，藉由釐清創作者在這知識架構重整過程所遇到的問題，並進而探討知識演化與重建的歷程，將可作為創作思考的依據。本論文首先以十七世紀西方創作者在缺乏東方資訊的狀況下所創造出來的中國藝術風、台夫特陶及偽中文為切入點，探討藝術創作者依循其原有認知觀點將新資訊轉化為新知識的這個再現過程所發生的形變現象，其次以文化再現、視覺心理學及基模的論點探討偽知識與藝術創作之間的關係，最後透過創作的方式探討虛構想像的實踐。研究結果發現，想像依然是從已知的事物發展出來，人們在整合不同知識架構時，是透過兩端重疊之處產生延伸推論，創作者與觀者之間，也是需要擁有某些共識才得以順利地進行溝通，所以不同的知識架構在進行重整時，雖然創作者的主觀意識決定了作品最後呈現的狀態，但是創作者依然需要考量知識演化的運作模式，才能夠建構出「偽知識」的「知識」。

This research explores the artists working method on the basis of pseudo-knowledge.
Many artworks were created by artists who don’t have solid knowledge basis. Sometimes, it’s due to objective reasons, some environmental conditions might make the artists in lack of certain knowledge. Others were due to subjective reasons, the artists might make some choices subjectively which might make the knowledge structure distorted. In some cases, it might happen simultaneously. The act of creating artworks is about artists themselves choosing certain part of their experiences or knowledge subjectively, and then they reorganize a new knowledge structure from it. Therefore, by clarify the problems that the artists encounter during this knowledge reconstruction period and explore the knowledge evolution and reconstruction process could help the artists to build up the foundation of the creative thinking. First of all, this article took Chinoiserie, delftware, and pseudo Chinese as entry points, which were made by the 17th century artists who were in lack of eastern information, to investigate the representation deformation phenomena occurred while the artists transform new information into new knowledge according to their cognition perspective of their original knowledge. Secondly, investigate the connection between pseudo-knowledge and artwork creation from cultural representation, visual perception psychology, and schema’s aspect. Finally, explore “Pseudo Existence” by creating art works. The result of this research shows that imagination still comes from the things that are already known. When people are reconstructing different knowledge structure, they still need to build up further inference through the overlap area of the both ends. Creators and viewers also need to hold some consensus to communicate with each other smoothly. Therefore, although artists’ subjective consciousness decides artworks final status while viewers were reconstructing different knowledge structure. In order to build up the “knowledge” of “pseudo-knowledge”, artists still have to consider how knowledge evolution works.

中文
一、專書
支宇，《術語解碼：比較美學與藝術批評》（北京市：光明日報，2009）。
何懷碩，《風格的誕生》（台北市：大地，1981）
吳山主編，《中國工藝美術辭典》（台北市：雄師，1991）
孟憲謨，〈神奇的東方 中譯者序〉。《中國圖說（China Illusterata）》，阿塔那修斯．基歇爾（Athanasius Kircher）（鄭州市：大象出版社，2010）。
畢克官，《中國民窯瓷繪藝術》（北京：外文，1991）。
童煒鋼，《西方人眼中的東方繪畫藝術》（上海：上海教育，2004）。
傅揚，《青花瓷器》（北京：中國古典藝術，1957）。
鄭昭明，《認知心理學 : 理論與實踐 》（台北縣：桂冠出版，2006）。
福榭厚，〈對話 序〉。《當代畫體另類物象（Le corps de la peinture）》，羲千郁（台北市：生智文化，1997）。
樂黛云、勒‧比雄主編，《獨角獸與龍—在尋找中西文化普遍性中的誤讀》（北京：北京大學出版社，1995）。
羲干鬱，《當代畫體另類物象（Le corps de la peinture）》（台北市：生智文化，1997）。
羅智成，譯序。《中國最後一個古代（China and its people in early photographs: an unabridged reprint of the classic 1873/4 work）》，約翰．湯生（Thomson, John）（台北縣：時報文化，1985）。

二、古籍
（明）劉雙松，《文林妙錦萬寶全書》38 卷（萬曆年安正堂：東京帝國大學圖書館藏本）。

三、論文
1.期刊論文
張婉真，〈十九世紀後期法國人喜好中國藝術中神怪動物題材的品味問題探究-以德內利博物館收藏為中心〉，《藝術學報》，81（2007），頁1-24。

2.論文集論文
天主教輔仁大學主編，《郎世寧之藝術：宗教與藝術研討會論文集》，（台北縣：幼師文化，1991）。

四、翻譯書
尤根・歐斯特哈默[德]（Osterhammel Jürgen），《亞洲去魔化：十八世紀的歐洲與亞洲帝國（Die Entzauberung Asiens-Europa und die asiatischen Reiche im 18.Jahrhundert）》，劉興華譯（台北縣：左岸文化，2007）。
艾森克（Eysenck, Michael W.）、肯尼（Keane, Mark），《認知心理學》，李素卿譯（台北市：五南，2003）。
布希雅（Baudrillard, Jean），《擬彷物與擬像（Simulacra and Simulation）》洪凌譯（台北市：時報文化，1998）。
包樂史（Blussé, Leonard），《中荷交往史：1601-1989》，莊國土、程紹剛譯（阿姆斯特丹：路口店出版社，1989）。
沃林格（Worringer, Wilhelm），《抽象與移情 : 藝術風格的心理學硏究（Abstraktion und Einfühlung），魏雅婷譯（台北市 : 亞太發行 : 揚智文化總代理，1992）
柏拉圖，〈藝術即模仿〉，《論藝術的本質 : 名家精選集》湯瑪斯．華騰伯格（Thomas E. Wartenberg）編著，張淑君、劉藍玉、吳霈恩譯（台北市：五觀藝術管理，2004）。
貢布里希（ Gombrich, Ernst Hans ），《藝術與錯覺：圖畫再現的心理學研究（ Art and Illusion: A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation）》林夕等譯（長沙市：湖南科學技術出版社，2004）。
翁貝爾托．埃科，〈他們尋找獨角獸〉，《獨角獸與龍—在尋找中西文化普遍性中的誤讀》樂黛云、勒‧比雄主編，譯者不詳（北京：北京大學出版社，1995）。
基歇爾（Athanasius Kircher），《中國圖說（China Illusterata）》，孟憲謨譯（鄭州市：大象出版社，2010）。
雷德侯（Ledderose, Lothar），《萬物：中國藝術中的模件化和規模化生產（Ten Thousand Things: Module and Mass Production in Chinese Art）》，張總等譯（北京市：生活．讀書．新知三聯書店，2005）。
瑪莉塔．史特肯（Marita Sturken）、莉莎．卡萊特（Lisa Cartwright），《觀看的實踐：給所有影像世代的視覺文化導論（Practices of looking an introduction to visual culture）》，陳品秀譯（台北市：臉譜出版，2009）。
蘇立文（Michael Sullivan），《中國藝術史》，曾堉、王寶連譯（台北：南天書局，1992）。
薩特（Sartre, Jean Paul），《想像心理學》李一鳴譯（台北市：結構群，1980）。

五、網路資料
石文誠，〈第二、三次荷蘭東印度公司使節出使大清帝國記〉，《國立台灣史前文化博物館》http://beta.nmp.gov.tw/main/04/4-2/history/ebookA.html（檢索日期：2013年3月30日）

西文
一、專書
Arnheim, Rudolf. Art and Visual Perception: A Psychology of the Creative Eye. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1954. Print.
Arnheim, Rudolf. New Essays on the Psychology of Art. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. Print.
Arnheim, Rudolf. Visual Thinking. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969. Print.
Aronson, Dave, Robert Aronson, and Letitia Roberts. Dutch Delftware 2005. Amsterdam:Aronson Antiquairs of Amsterdam, 2005. Print.
---. Dutch Delftware: The Dr. Günther Grethe Collection and Other Recent Acquisitions. Amsterdam: Aronson Antiquairs of Amsterdam, 2004. Print.
Aronson, Dave, and Robert Aronson. Dutch Delftware: Aronson 125th Anniversary. Amsterdam: Aronson Antiquairs of Amsterdam, 2006. Print.
Aronson, Robert, Suzanne M. R. Lambooy, and Letitia Roberts. Dutch Delftware: Plaques : a Blueprint of Delft. Amsterdam: Aronson Antiquairs of Amsterdam, 2009. Print.
Biederman, I. "Recognition-by-components: a Theory of Human Image Understanding."Psychological Review. 94.2 (1987): 115-147. Print.
Cohen, Gillian, George Kiss, and Voi M. E. Le. Memory: Current Issues. Buckingham [England: Open University Press, 1993. Print.
Dam, Jan D. Delffse Porceleyne: Dutch Delftware, 1620-1850. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2004. Print.
---. Gedateerd Delfts Aardewerk = Dated Dutch Delftware. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 1991. Print.
---. The Splendour of Dutch Delftware: An Exhibition of 17th and 18th Century Delft Tin-Glazed Earthenware. London: Jacob Stodel, 1993. Print.
Emerson, Julie, Jennifer Chen, and Mimi G. Gates. Porcelain Stories: From China to Europe. Seattle, WA: Seattle Art Museum in association with University of Washington Press, 2000. Print.
Fagin, Ronald, Phokion G. Kolaitis, Lucian Popa, andWang-Chiew Tan. “Schema Mapping Evolution Through Composition and Inversion.” Schema Matching and Mapping. Ed. Zohra Bellahsene, Angela Bonifati, and Erhard Rahm. Berlin: Springer, 2011. 191-222 Internet resource.
Fourest, Henry P. Delftware: Faience Production at Delft. New York: Rizzoli, 1980. Print.
Gardner, Howard. The Mind's New Science: A History of the Cognitive Revolution. New York: Basic Books, 1985. Print.
Goodman, Nelson. Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1976. Print.
Gombrich, E H. Art and Illusion: A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation. New York: Pantheon Books, 1960. Print.
---. The Image and the Eye: Further Studies in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation. Oxford: Phaidon, 1982. Print.
Hall, Stuart. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practice. London: Sage, 2009. Print.
Jacobson, Dawn. Chinoiserie. London: Phaidon, 1993. Print.
Jörg, C. J. A. Fine & Curious: Japanese Export Porcelain in Dutch Collections. Amsterdam: Hotei, 2003. Print.
---. Interaction in Ceramics: Oriental Porcelain & Delftware : [exhibition] Hong Kong Le, Corbeiller Clare. China Trade Porcelain: A Study in Double Reflections. New York: China House Gallery, 1973. Print.
---. Porcelain and the Dutch China Trade. The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1982. Print.
---. Pronk Porselein: Porselein Naar Ontwerpen Van Cornelis Pronk ; Groninger Museum, 25 April - 8 Juni 1980 ; Haags Gemeentemuseum, 20 Juni - 24 Aug. 1980 = Pronk Porcelain. Groningen, 1980. Print.
Le, Corbeiller C. China Trade Porcelain: A Study in Double Reflections. New York: China House Gallery, 1973. Print.
---. China Trade Porcelain: Patterns of Exchange: Additions to the Helena Woolworth Mccann Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1974. Print.
Le, Corbeiller C, and Alice C. Frelinghuysen. Chinese Export Porcelain. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003. Print.
Navon, David. "Forest Before Trees: the Precedence of Global Features in Visual Perception*1." Cognitive Psychology. 9.3 (1977): 353-383. Print.
Norman, Donald A. “Perception, Memory, and Mental Process. “Perspectives on Memory Research: Essays in Honor of Uppsala University's 500th Anniversary.” Ed. Nilsson, Lars-Göran. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1979. 121-144 Print.
Palmer, Stephen, Eleanor Rosch, and Paul Chase. "Canonical perspective and the perception of objects." Attention and performance IX 1 (1981): 135-151. Print.
Reed, Marcia, and Paola Demattè. China on Paper: European and Chinese Works from the Late Sixteenth to the Early Nineteenth Century. Los Angeles, Calif: Getty Research Institute, 2007. Print.
Rowland, Benjamin. Art in East and West: An Introduction Through Comparisons. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1954. Print.
Stokstad, Marilyn, Marion S. Grayson, and Stephen Addiss. Art History. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1995. Print.
Solso, Robert L. The Psychology of Art and the Evolution of the Conscious Brain. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2003. Print.
Sturken, Marita ＆ Cartwright, Lisa. Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. Print.
Sullivan, Michael. The Meeting of Eastern and Western Art. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. Print.
Wichmann, Siegfried. Japonisme: The Japanese Influence on Western Art Since 1858. London: Thames and Hudson, 2007. Print.
Yarbus, Alfred L, B Haigh, and Lorrin A. Riggs. Eye Movements and Vision. New York: Plenum press, 1967. Print.

二、古籍
Dapper, Olfert. Beschryving Des Keizerryks Van Taising of Sina: Vertoont in De Benaming, Grens-Palen, Steden, Stroomen, Bergen ... Tale, Letteren, &c.; Verciert Met Verscheide Koopere Plaeten. Amsterdam: Meurs, 1670. Print. [荷文版]
---. Gedenkwaerdig Bedryf Der Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Maetschappye, Op De Kuste En in Het Keizerrijk Van Taising of Sina: Behelzende Het Tweede Gezandschap Aen Den Onder-Koning Singlamong En Veldheer Taising Lipoui; Door Jan Van Kampen En Konstantyn Nobel. Vervolgt Met Een Verhael Van Het Voorgevallen Des Jaers Zestien Hondert Drie Ein Vier En Zestig, Op De Kust Van Sina, En Ontrent D'eilanden Tayowan, Formosa, Ay En Quemuy, Onder 't Gezag Van Balthasar Bort: En Het Derde Gezandschap Aen Konchy, Tartarsche Keizer Van Sina En Oost-Tartarye: Onder Beleit Van Zijne Ed. Pieter Van Hoorn. Beneffens Een Beschryving Van Geheel Sina. Verciert Doorgaens Met Verscheide Kopere Platen. Amsterdam: J. van Meurs, 1670. Print. [荷文版]
---. Beschryving Des Keizerryks Van Taising of Sina: Vertoont in De Benaming, Grens-Palen, Steden, Stroomen, Bergen, Gewassen, Dieren, Gods-Dienst, Tale, Letteren, &c. Verciert Met Verscheide Koopere Plaeten. T'Amsterdam: By Jacob van Meurs, 1670. Print. [荷文版]
Gesner, Conrad. Historiae Animalium. Tiguri: Christ. Froschover, 1551. Print. [拉丁文版]
Kircher, Athanasius. Athanasii Kircheri E Soc. Jesu China Monumentis, Qvà Sacris Quà Profanis: Nec Non Variis Naturæ & Artis Spectaculis, Aliarumque Rerum Memorabilium Argumentis Illustrata, Auspiciis Leopoldi Primi Roman. Imper. Amstelodami: apud Joannem Janssonium à Waesberge & Elizeum Weyerstraet, 1667. Print. [拉丁文版]
Münster, Sebastian. Cosmographey: Das Ist, Beschreibung Aller Länder, Herrschafften Vnd [und] Fürnemesten Stetten Des Gantzen Erdbodens: Sampt Jhren Gelegenheiten, Eygenschafften, Religion, Gebräuchen, Geschichten Vnd Handtierungen, &c. Basel: Henricpetri, 1598. Print. [德文版]
Nieuhof, Johannes, Pieter . Goyer, Jacob . Keizer, and Hendrik Nieuhof. Het Gezantschap Der Neêrlandtsche Oost-Indische Compagnie, Aan Den Grooten Tartarischen Cham, Den Tegenwoordigen Keizer Van China: Waar in De Gedenkwaerdighste Geschiedenissen, Die Onder Het Reizen Door De Sineesche Landtschappen, Quantung, Kiangsi, Nanking, Xantung En Peking, En Aan Het Keizerlijke Hof Te Peking, Sedert Den Jare 1655 Tot 1657 Zijn Voorgevallen, Op Het Bondigste Verhandelt Worden : befeffens een naukeurige Beschryving der Sineesche steden, dorpen, regeering, wetenschappen, hantwerken, zeden, godsdiensten, gebouwen, drachten, schepen, bergen, gewassen, dieren, &c. en oorlogen tegen de Tarters : verçiert men over de 150 afbeeltsels, na't leven in Sina getekent. T'Amsterdam: By Jacob van Meurs, boekverkooper en plaatsnijder, 1665. Print. [荷文版]
Nieuhof, Johannes, Pieter . Goyer, Jacob . Keizer, John Ogilby, Athanasius Kircher, and von B. J. A. Schall. An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham, Emperor of China: Deliver'd by Their Excellencies, Peter De Goyer and Jacob De Keyzer, at His Imperial City of Peking : Wherein the Cities, Towns, Villages, Ports, Rivers, &c. in Their Passages from Canton to Peking Are Ingeniously Describ'd. London: Printed by the Author at his house in White-Friers, 1673. Print. [英文版 第二版]
Nieuhof, Johan, Carpentier J. Le, and Jacob . Meurs. L'ambassade De La Compagnie Orientale Des Provinces Unies Vers L'empereur De La Chine Ou Grand Cam De Tartarie Faite Par Les Srs Pierre De Goyer & Jacob De Keyser: Illustrée D'une Très-Exacte Description Des Villes, Bourgs, Villages, Ports De Mers & Autres Lieux Plus Considérables De La Chine. A Leyde: pour Jacob de Meurs, 1665. Print. [法文版]
Kircher, Athanasius. Athanasii Kircheri E Soc. Jesu China Monumentis Qua Sacris Quà Profanis, Nec Non Variis Naturæ & Artis Spectaculis, Aliarumque Rerum Memorabilium Argumentis Illustrata, Auspiciis Leopoldi Primi Roman. Imper. Semper Augusti Munificentissimi Mecænatis. Amstelodami: apud Joannem Janssonium à Waesberge et Elizeum Weyerstraet, 1667. Print. [荷文版]
Nieuhof, Johan. Het Gezantschap Der Neêrlandtsche Oost-Indische Compagnie, Aan Den Grooten Tartarischen Cham, Den Tegenwoordigen Keizer Van China: Waar in De Gedenkwaerdighste Geschiedenissen, Die ... Sedert 1655 Tot 1657 Zijn Voorgevallen ... Verhandelt Worden. Beneffens Een Naukeurige Beschryving Der Sineesche Steden, Dorpen, Regeering. t'Amsterdam: by Jacob van Meurs#op de Keyzers-graft, schuyn over de Wester-marct, in de Stadt Meurs#, 1665. Print. [荷文版]
Nieuhof, Johannes, Pieter . Goyer, Jacob . Keizer, John Ogilby, Athanasius Kircher, and von B. J. A. Schall. An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham, Emperor of China: Deliver'd by Their Excellencies, Peter De Goyer and Jacob De Keyzer, at His Imperial City of Peking : Wherein the Cities, Towns, Villages, Ports, Rivers, &c. in Their Passages from Canton to Peking Are Ingeniously Describ'd. London: Printed by the Author at his house in White-Friers, 1673. Print. [英文版 第二版]

三、期刊
Bellasehne, Zohra , Angela Bonifati, and Erhard Rahm. Preface. Schema Matching and Mapping. Ed. Zohra Bellahsene, Angela Bonifati, and Erhard Rahm. Berlin: Springer, 2011. v-vii Internet resource.
Myer, Prudence R. "Images and Influences of Oriental Art: a Study in European Taste." Art Journal. 20.4 (1961): 203-210. Print.
McNab, Jessie. J.g. Herold and Company: The Art of Meissen Chinoiserie. , 1963. Internet resource.
Navon, David. "Forest Before Trees: the Precedence of Global Features in Visual Perception*1." Cognitive Psychology. 9.3 (1977): 353-383. Print.
Shannon, Claude E, and Warren Weaver. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1949. Print.
Yarbus, Alfred L, B Haigh, and Lorrin A. Riggs. Eye Movements and Vision. New York: Plenum press, 1967. Print.

四、會議刊物
Rosch, E. H. "On the Internal Structure of Perceptual and Semantic Categories." Cognitive Development and the Acquisition of Language. Ed. T. E. Moore. Academic, 1973. 111-144.

四、網路資料
Falkenburg, R. Johan “Nieuhofs beelden van China.” 1655-1657,1987. Web 14.May.2013<http://www.kunstpedia.com/articles/johan-nieuhofs-beelden-van-china.html>[荷文]
石文誠，第二、三次荷蘭東印度公司使節出使大清帝國記，中文圖說。Web
14.May.2013
<http://beta.nmp.gov.tw/main/04/4-2/history/ebookA.html>