國小戶外鄉土地理教學之設計與分析研究

徐榮崇

摘 要 對鄉土地理而言，戶外教學應是達成其教
學目標最有效且最直接的方法。但戶外教學卻常因「時間」、「經濟」、
「安全」、「行政」和「學生、教師及家長意願」等內、外在因素的影響
而阻礙了戶外教學的實施。因此，本研究冀欲探討以「學校附近為教學範
圍，進行戶外鄉土地理教學」的可行性及其基本教學模式，並發現此一教
學方式不但可行，更可避免上述障礙因素，又可提高教學意願。 該教
學模式的建立，首先，是以「教學的原則」、「教學的理念」和「教學的
架構」所組成的教學三機制為基礎，再配合課程分析，訂出學生的起點行
為，而加以擬訂：最後在景點資料庫的架構之下，設計適合的活動單，提
供教師在學校附近進行教學。 為了探索該教學模式的適切性，本研究
分別選取吳興、螢橋、長安、中正四所區位不同的學校進行戶外鄉土地理
教學實驗。從實驗的結果、教師的建議及學生的反應中，提出對模式的修
正與建議，並證實「戶外鄉土地理教學模式是可行的，且學生興致很高，
學習後的成績也有顯著的進步」，說明了該模式可以作為新訂「鄉土教學
活動課程」 中所採用教學方式的一種。

Abstract Outdoor teaching activities
are the most effective and direct approaches in order to achieve
the goal of home geography education. However, due to the
factors of time, expense, safety, administration and the
willingness ofstudents, teachers and parents, teachers often
find it difficult to practicesuch teaching skills. To encourage
the implementation of outdoor teaching activities, this study
attempts to promote the program of teaching around theschool
area, as well as to examine its feasibility and to design useful
models. The instructional model is designed with the basis of
teaching principles, ideals, and structrues. Other than the
three mechanisms, the analysis of curricula, the entering
behavior of students, and the presentation of worksheets from
the landscape database, can all provide teachers full
frameworkof outdoor teaching activies. This research tries to
experiment with the instructional model. It tookplace at four
elementary schools: Wu-shing, Ying-chiau, Chang-an and Chung-
jeng.All of them distributed in different parts of Taipei
metropolitan area. The result of the experiment indicates the
outdoor teaching activities for homegeography education is
feasible. Not only the student enjoyed it, but theyalso made
great progress in the final academic achievement.
Abstract Outdoor teaching activities