在資訊科技與複製技術的進步之下，從數位影像輸出至實體影像的品質已愈來愈高，使得文件的安全性受到挑戰。過去數位浮水印的機制多用於數位音訊、影像及視訊，若經由輸出及列印的過程，數位浮水印即很難保存在於實體的文件中。因此，本研究經數位半色調得單一色版之平網區域嵌入數位浮水印，並將同一區域中的網點，做不同角度的嵌入數位浮水印演算。主要根據所設計網點的位置偏移，與網點面積補償原理，以達到資訊隱藏之功能。由實驗結果發現，輸出成品可成功地以光學解碼工具，在同一區域不同角度解密，或由掃瞄器取樣再分析，而判讀出浮水印內容。此外，也將本研究這項技術實際應用於有價證券與產品設計上，進而增加防偽功能與提高附加價值。

As the rapid developments of information technology, it is feasible to obtain the printed documents with high quality. In the past, the digital watermarking mechanism still had some restrictions to printed image, and its protection to printed documents was not effectively implemented. Therefore, this research intends to achieve the information hiding in the printed halftone images by shifting the halftone dots at different orientations. And this method is mainly according to the dots displacement and the dot area compensation. The experimental results show that the proposed method could decode the varied information in the same area by using an optical decoder at different orientations. In addition, some value-added applications to security document and product design are carried out.

中文部份

[1] 王希俊、謝維倫（2003）。個人化郵票的數位浮水印設計。郵史研究，第二
十二期，182-189頁。
[2] 江瑞璋（1993）。常用的網點形狀色彩變異與色彩預測之研究。中國文化大
學造紙印刷研究所碩士論文，台北市。
[3] 汪德美（1995）。數位半色調技術。電子月刊，第一卷第五期，126-140頁。
[4] 林行健（1999）。印刷設計概論，台北市：視傳文化事業有限公司。
[5] 連啟明（2004）。運用於個人化郵票之圖像加密研究。國立台灣師範大學圖
文傳播研究所碩士論文，台北市。
[6] 連國珍（2000）。數位影像處理，台北市：儒林圖書有限公司。
[7] 張智星（2000）。MATLAB程式設計與應用。新竹市：清蔚科技有限公司。
[8] 黃藝美、黃仁俊（2001）。資料隱蔽技術，資訊與教育雜誌，第八十三期，46-51頁。
[9] 蕭佩琪、王希俊、連啟明（2004）。文件底紋之混合網點數位浮水印技術。
第三屆數位典藏技術研討會，223-230頁，台北市：中央研究院資訊科學研
究所。
[10] 羅福林、李興才（1991）。印刷工業概論，台北市：中國文化大學。

英文部份

[11] A.V. Alasia, “Process of coding indicia and product produced thereby”, United
States Patent No. 3937565, 1976.
[12] F. A. Baqai and J. P. Allebach, “Halftoning via direct binary search using
analytical and stochastic printer models,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-15, January 2003.
[13] J. Bacca Rodr´ıguez, A. J. Gonz´alez Lozano, G.. R. Arce and D. L .Lau, “Optimal Halftoning over Hexagonal Grids,” Color Imaging XI: Processing,
Hardcopy, and Applications, SPIE-IS&T Electronic Imaging, SPIE vol. 6058, no. 11, pp. 1-12, 2005.
[14] W. Bender, D. Gruhl, N. Morimoto, and A. Lu, “Techniques for data hiding,”
IBM Systems Journal, vol. 35, no. 3&4, pp. 313-336, 1996.
[15] H. I. Bjelkhagen, “Holography and philately: postage stamps with embossed holograms,” Holography 2000, SPIE vol. 4149, pp. 12-31, 2000.
[16] R.W. Floyd and L. Steinberg, “An adaptive algorithm for spatial grayscale,” proceedings of Society for Information Display, vol. 17(2), pp. 75-77, 1976
[17] M.S. Fu and O.C. Au, “Data hiding by smart pair toggling for halftone
images,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 4, pp. 2318-2321, 2000.
[18] M.S. Fu and O.C. Au, “Data Hiding Watermarking for Halftone Images, IEEE
Transactions on Image Processing,” vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 477-484, April 2002.
[19] M.S. Fu and O.C. Au, “Correlation-based watermarking for halftone images,” in Proc. of the 2004 Intl. Symp. Circuits and Systems (ISCAS'04), vol. 2, pp. 21-24, May 2004.
[20] D. Gruhl and W. Bender, “Information hiding to foil the casual counterfeiter,” in Proc. 2nd Intl. Workshop on information hiding, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1525, Portland, Oregon, pp. 1-15, April 1998.
[21] Z. He and C. A. Bouman, “AM/FM halftoning: digital halftoning through simultaneous modulation of dot size and dot density,” SPIE Journal of Electronic Imaging, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 286-302, April 2004.
[22] D.L. Hecht, “Printed embedded data graphical user interfaces,” IEEE
Computer, 34(3)47-55, 2001.
[23] P.C. Hsiao, Y.T. Chen and H.C. Wang, “Watermarking a Printed Binary Image
with Varied Screen Rulings,” 16th IPPR Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing (CVGIP 2003), Kinmen, Taiwan, August 2003
[24] J.Y. Li, T.R. Chou and H.C. Wang, “Multi-channel Technique of Printed Images
and Its Application to Personalized Stamps,” 16th IPPR Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing (CVGIP 2003), Kinmen, Taiwan, August 2003.
[25] C.M. Lien, H.C. Wang and P.C. Hsiao, “Watermarking a Personalized Stamp,”
2005 Beijing International Conference on Imaging Technology and Applications
for the 21st Century (CSIST ‘05), pp. 126-127, Beijing, China, May 2005.
[26] T.N. Pappas, J.P. Allebach and D.L. Neuhoff, “Model-Based Digital Halftoning,”IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 20, pp.14-27, 2003.
[27] R.L. van Renesse, Optical Document Security, 2nd Ed., Artech House, London, 1997.
[28] G.. Sharma and S.G. Wang, “Show-through Watermarking of Duplex Printed
Documents,” SPIE: Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia
Contents VI, vol. 5306, pp. 670-684, January 2004.
[29] J. Berg, “Practical use of lens structures in ID-documents,” Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques VI, SPIE-IS&T Electronic Imaging, vol. 6075, 2006.
[30] H.C. Wang, C.M. Lian and P.C. Hsiao, “Application of Modified Digital
Halftoning Techniques to Data Hiding in Personalized Stamps,” Chinese
Journal of Scientific Instrument, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 235-238, August 2004.
[31] P.W. Wong and N.D. Memon, “Image Processing for Halftones,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 3, pp.59-70, 2003.
[32] R.A. Ulichney, “Digital Halftoning,” Cambridge, MA：MIT Press, 1987.
[33] A. Yabushita and K. Ogawa, “Image Reconstruction With a Hexagonal Grid,” IEEE, vol. 3, 2003.

網路資料部份

[34] 「兩兆雙星」之評析。財團法人國家政策研究基金會。2007年5月4日，
取自：http://old.npf.org.tw/PUBLICATION/TE/091/TE-C-091-033.htm。
[35] 中央銀行發行之貨幣及真偽鈔辨。行政院中央銀行。2006年10月13日，取自：http://www.cbc.gov.tw/issue/money/tb06.htm。
[36] 印研中心與山水印刷研發申請「隨機點光柵版立體成像構造」。經濟部：技術尖兵。2007年4月17日，取自：
http://www.st-pioneer.org.tw/modules.php?name=St_News&pa=Show_News&tid=520。
[37] 光柵規格及原理。3D印刷推廣研究中心，台灣杰那斯國際有限公司。2007
年3月6日，取自：http://www.genesis3d.com.tw/lenticular/lenticular.htm。
[38] 第119期93年11月號－『科技應用』。經濟部：技術尖兵。2006年12月
22日，取自：http://www.st-pioneer.org.tw/modules.php?name=magazine&pa=showpage&tid=2219。
[39] 數位典藏國家型科技計畫。行政院：國家科學委員會。2006年11月23日，
取自：http://www.ndap.org.tw/。
[40] 標本（Specimens）。國立台灣美術館：數位藝術知識與創作流通平台。2007年4月24日，取自：
http://www.digiarts.org.tw/Bulletin/works_Detail.aspx?WrkRecDBID=355。
[41] Graphic Security Systems Corporation: ANIMATED EXAMPLES OF SCRAMBLED INDICIA. GSSC – Scrambled IndiciaR. Retrieved March 23, 2007, from http://www.syndtech.com/gssc/examples.html。