關於馬來西亞政治與經濟發展之相關研究多以馬哈迪作為研究主體，即探討馬哈迪對馬中關係或馬國南海政策之影響，抑或以「後馬哈迪時代」作為分析途徑，探討繼馬哈迪以後的兩任首相如何依循馬哈迪政府的對中與南海政策持續發展相關政策。然而，本文旨在以前首相納吉為研究主體與背景，分析納吉政府的馬中關係發展，並瞭解馬中關係對納吉政府的南海政策所產生之影響為何。在納吉任馬國首相期間，馬中關係無論在經濟貿易、社會交流及國防安全等層面，其合作緊密程度可說是達致歷史高點，尤其在經貿層面。始於 2009 年，中國連年成為馬來西亞最大貿易夥伴，並且中國領導人在 2013 年將中馬關係升格為「全面戰略夥伴關係」，意指兩國未來無論在經濟貿易、社會文化、國防安全等層面，將擁有高度且重要的合作潛力。儘管如此，馬中關係亦並非毫無齟齬，尤其兩國於南海地區擁有主權重疊爭端，而在納吉任政年間，中國基於「九段線」歷史主張在南海的維權作為乃愈趨激進。對此，納吉政府的南海政策制定與實施勢必得格外謹慎與彈性，以免主權爭議破壞馬中友好關係，進而對馬國經濟發展形成重大衝擊。經本文分析與瞭解，納吉乃延續前首相馬哈迪的南海政策基礎，即藉由「有限扈從」、「約束力交往」、「務實經濟」、「優勢阻斷」，以及「間接制衡」等方式對中國採取「避險策略」，以此維護馬來西亞在南海的主權利益，同時也能維續馬中友好關係。

This study aims to analyse the relationship between Malaysia and China during the tenure of Najib Razak as the 6th Prime Minister of Malaysia, and attempt to understand the influences of Sino-Malaysia relations towards the latter's South China Sea (SCS) policy. The association between Malaysia and China has been reached to the highest peak during the premiership of Najib Razak, particularly in the development of economics, China is presently the largest trading partner of Malaysia since 2009. Furthermore, the Beijing government has elevated the relation with Malaysia to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership in 2013, in order to enhance and strengthen the cooperative between two sides to a track of comprehensive and mature development. However, the territorial disputes in the SCS remain continuously as a thorn between the partnership of Putrajaya and Beijing from time to time, especially the latter's growing assertiveness in the SCS has generated anxiety and suspicion to the former during the Najib's tenure. In order to avoid the territorial disputes degrade the partnership between the two sides and hit the economic growth of Malaysia, the Najib's government has gone on with the strategy of his predecessor, Mahathir Mohamad, that is endeavouring to develop the hedging strategy towards China by various ways, i.e. limited bandwagoning, binding engagement, economic pragmatism, dominance denial, and indirect balancing.

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英文
（一）專書
Baginda, Abdul R., 2016. China-Malaysia Relations and Foreign Policy. Oxfordshire: Routledge.
Johnston & Ross, eds., 1999. Engaging China: The Management of an Emerging Power. London: Routledge.
Valencia, M.J., Dyke, Jon M.V. & Ludwig, Noel A., 1999. Sharing the Resources of the South China Sea. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Wu, Shicun & Zou, Keyuan, 2014. Non-Traditional Security Issues and the South China Sea: Shaping a New Framework for Cooperation. Farnham: Ashgate.
Zou, Keyuan, 2021. Routledge Handbook of the South China Sea. New York: Routledge.
（二）期刊
Ahmad, Mohammad Z. & Sani, Mohd A.M., 2017/03. “China’s Assertive Posture in Reinforcing its Territorial and Sovereignty Claims in the South China Sea: An In-sight into Malaysia’s Stance,” Japanese Journal of Political Science, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 67–105.
Akhir, M.N.M., Lee, Chee Leong & Tahir, H.M., 2018/12/15. “Malaysia-China Bilat-eral Relations, 1974-2018,” International Journal of East Asian Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1–26.
Chan Xin Ying, 2017/08/21. “China-Malaysia Relations: The Three Dilemmas of Ma-laysian Chinese,” RSIS Commentary, No. 152, <https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/rsis/co17152-china-malaysia-relations-the-three-dilemmas-of-malaysian-chinese/>.
Chin, James, 2010. “Malaysia: The Rise of Najib and 1Malaysia,” Southeast Asian Affairs, pp. 165-179.
Ever, Hans-Dieter & Sezali, Mhd D., 2012/01. “Malaysian Maritime Potential and the Straits of Malacca,” Annuals of Marine Sociology, No. 20, pp. 40-45.
Ever, Hans-Dieter, 2016/11. “Nusantara: Malaysia and the Governance of the South China Sea,” Southeast Asian Social Science Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-17.
Guo, Jie, 2018/09/11. “Xiamen University Malaysia: A Chinese Branch Campus,” In-ternational Higher Education, No. 95, pp. 9-11.
Hill, Hal, Tham, Siew Yean & Zin, Ragayah H.M., 2012/12/06. “Malaysia: A Success Story Stuck in the Middle?,” The World Economy, Vol. 35, Issue 12, pp. 1687-1711.
Jakub, Hrubý & Tomáš, Petrů, 2019/06/28. “China’s Cultural Diplomacy in Malaysia During Najib Razak’s Premiership,” Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 111-130.
Khalid, Khadijah MD., 2011/05. “Malaysia’s Foreign Policy under Najib: A Compari-son with Mahathir,” Asian Survey, Vol. 51, No. 3, pp.429-452.
Kuik, Cheng-Chwee, 2008/08/30. “The Essence of Hedging: Malaysia and Singa-pore’s Response to a Rising China,” Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 159-185.
Kuik, Cheng-Chwee, 2012/07/30. “Malaysia’s China Policy in the Post-Mahathir Era: A Neoclassical Realist Explanation,” RSIS Working Paper, No. 244, pp. 1-37.
Kuik, Cheng-Chwee, 2016/01/16. “Malaysia Between the United States and China: What do Weaker States Hedge Against?” Asian Politics & Policy, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 155-177.
Kuik, Cheng-Chwee, 2016/04. “China’s ‘Militarisation’ in the South China Sea: Three Target Audiences,” East Asian Policy, Vol. 8, No. 8, pp. 15-24.
Lee, Poh Onn, 2018/05/07. “GE14: A Victory for Barisan Nasional in Sarawak,” ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute, Issue 2018, No. 27, pp. 1-10.
Liu, Hong & Lim, Guanie, 2018/09/27. “The Political Economy of a Rising China in Southeast Asia: Malaysia’s Response to the Belt and Road Initiative,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 28, No. 116, pp. 216–231.
Nathan, K.S., 1995. “Vision 2020 and Malaysian Foreign Policy: Strategic Evolution and the Mahathir Impact,” Southeast Asian Affairs, Vol. 22, pp. 220-237.
Ngeow, Chow Bing, 2015/08. “Comprehensive Strategic Partners but Prosaic Military Ties: The Development of Malaysia-China Defence Relations 1991-2015,” Con-temporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 269–304.
Ngeow, Chow Bing, 2021/04/29. “Malaysia-China Defence Relations: Disruptions Amid Political Changes and Geopolitical Tensions,” ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute, <www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/iseas-perspective/2021-57-malaysia-china-defence-relations-disruptions-amid-political-changes-and-geopolitical-tensions-by-ngeow-chow-bing/>.
Ngu, Ik Tien & Ngeow, Chow Bing, 2021/04/30. “Soft Power, Confucius Institute and China’s Cultural Diplomacy in Malaysia,” Kajian Malaysia, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 55–76.
Parameswaran,Prashanth, 2016/12. “Malaysia’s Approach to the South China Sea Dispute after the Arbitral Tribunal’s Ruling,” Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 375-381.
Ramadhani, T.N. & Santoso, R.P, 2019/05/15. “Competitiveness analyses of Indone-sian and Malaysian palm oil exports,” Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp. 46-58.
Ross, Robert S., 1999. “The Geography of the Peace: East Asia in the Twenty-First Century,” International Security, Vol. 23, No.4, pp. 81-118.
Shaupi, Mohamad, Khalil, Abdul, Ahmad, Abu T., Saktian, Ahmad, Rahman, Abdul &Mohamed, Halimah, 2011/01. “Putting a Plug on Increasing Fishing Capacity: NPOA for the Management of Fishing Capacity in Malaysia,” Fish for the People, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 86-90.
Thayer, Carlyle A., 2012/08/19. “ASEAN’S Code of Conduct in the South China Sea: A Litmus Test for Community-Building?,” The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 10, Is-sue 34, No. 4, pp. 1-22.
（三）專書論文
Acharya, Amitav, 1999. “Containment, Engagement, or Counter-dominance? Malay-sia’s Response to the Rise of China?,” in Johnston & Ross, eds., Engaging China: The Management of an Emerging Power. London: Routledge, pp. 129-151.
Dustin Kuan-Hsiung Wang, 2021. “Fisheries Management in the South China Sea,” in Keyuan Zou, Routledge Handbook of the South China Sea. New York: Routledge, pp. 243-261.
Parameswaran, Prashanth, 2015. Playing It Safe: Malaysia’s Approach to the South China Sea and Implications for the United States. Washington, DC: Center for a New American Security, Center for a New American Security, <www.cnas.org/publications/reports/playing-it-safe-malaysias-approach-to-the-south-china-sea-and-implications-for-the-united-states>.
Saravanamuttu, Johan, 2014. “Malaysia’s Approach to Cooperation in the South China Sea,” in Shicun Wu & Keyuan Zou, Non-Traditional Security Issues and the South China Sea: Shaping a New Framework for Cooperation. Farnham: Ash-gate, pp. 75-88.
Schweller, Randall L., 1999. “Managing The Rise of Great Powers: History and The-ory,” in Johnston & Ross, eds., Engaging China: The Management of an Emerging Power. London: Routledge, pp. 1-31.
（四）研討會論文
Ismail, Siti Z. & Sani, Mohd A.M., 2010/07/13-15. “The Straits of Malacca: Regional Powers vis-a-vis Littoral States in Strategic and Security Issues and Interests,” paper presented at the Proceedings Seminar on Nasional Resilience. Bayview Hotel Langkawi: Institute of Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad’s Thoughts. pp. 83-105.
Noor, Elina, 2017. “Understanding Malaysiaʼs Approach to the South China Sea Dis-pute,” in Hiebert, M., Poling, Gregory B. & Cronin, C. eds., In the Wake of Arbi-tration: Papers from the Sixth Annual CSIS South China Sea Conference. Wash-ington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies. pp. 18-29.
（五）學位論文
Dhillon, Karminder S., 2005. Malaysian Foreign Policy in the Mahathir Era, 1981-2003. Diss., Graduate School in Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Massachusetts, USA.
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馬來文、印尼文
（一）期刊論文
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Ridzuan, Mohammad I.M., Huda, Mohd I.K. & Daud, Sity, 2019/12/15. “Enam Dek-ad Grand Strategy Malaysia Terhadap China (1957-2018): Dasar Luar Negara Membangun Terhadap Negara Kuat,” International Journal of East Asian Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 31-44.
Wijaya, Sri M.I., 2017/10. “Usaha Malsindo Trilateral Coordinated Patrol dalam Me-nangani Perampokan Bersenjata di Selat Malaka,” Journal of International Rela-tions, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 189-195.
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（二）網路資料
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（三）官方資料
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Malaysia, 1994/10/26. Penyata Rasmi Parlimen, Jilid IV, pp. 5897-6048.
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（四）報紙
A.H, Hadi, 2017/11/17. “ECRL bawa limpahan ekonomi menyeluruh,” Utusan Malaysia, pp. 8-9.