本論文將藉由提摩西．莫頓（Timothy Morton）的生態思想，來分析菲力普・普曼（Philip Pullman）《黑暗元素三部曲》（His Dark Materials）中生態粒子、非人與人類的互動與相互影響，並帶出重新理解生態網絡的重要性，讓讀者以不同的敘述者視角來重新理解人類世的環境問題。

首先，第一章將簡述《黑暗元素三部曲》的現有文獻、人類世相關研究與莫頓的生態思想，以幫助讀者了解當今的生態議題。第二章著重於三部曲中非人與人類的關係，帶出非人對於物體、生死與環境的看法與物種之間的相互依賴關係（interdependent relationship）。本章將運用莫頓黑暗生態理念中的自戀（narcissism）帶出非人和人類共存的可能，並以超物件（hyperobjects）的互為客體性（interobjectivity），進一步論證普曼的生態網絡的互聯性（interconnection）。第三章則為人類活動對於生態網絡產生的巨大影響的開展，將講述強義人類中心主義 （strong anthropocentrism）所引發的生態災難，以及強調弱義人類中心主義（weak anthropocentrism）有助於人類降低對生態的傷害，並且考量對其他物種的生存。此章節將透過農業思維（the agricultural thinking）帶出生態災難的根本原因，亦為人類渴望主宰萬物的欲望，接著透過下沉思維（the subscendent thinking）帶出人類與非人之間的相互合作，重新建立生態循環。最後，第四章將以反思現代生態問題作為總結，並藉由推想小說重新評估人類在生態網絡之中的定位。

本論文最終目的在於以超物件狀態和黑暗生態理念重新理解現今的生態議題，且以下沉思維重新思考人類對於這些生態問題的行動，並希冀能夠提升讀者的生態意識。

This thesis will analyze the interaction among environmental particles, nonhumans, and humans in Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials with Timothy Morton’s ecological concepts to bring out the significance of recognizing the ecological network and to help readers to reconsider the environmental problems in the Anthropocene.

First, the introductory chapter will give a brief review of His Dark Materials and the relevant studies of this trilogy as well as the studies of the Anthropocene and Morton’s ecological thoughts to help readers to understand the current ecological issues. Chapter Two will concentrate on the interrelation between nonhumans and humans, nonhuman characters’ perspectives on objects, death, and the environment, and the interdependent relationship between different species. This chapter will utilize Morton’s views on narcissism to emphasize the possible coexistence between nonhumans and humans and adopt his interobjectivity of hyperobjects to examine the interconnection in Pullman’s ecological network. The third chapter will inspect the huge impact of human activities on the ecological network: whereas strong anthropocentrism causes enormous ecological disasters, weak anthropocentrism helps to reduce the environmental damage from humans and to consider the survival of nonhuman life. This chapter will relate the cause of the ecological disaster to the agricultural thinking derived from the human desire to master things and underline the importance of the subscendent thinking that initiates the cooperation between humans and nonhumans and reconstructs the ecological loop. Last, Chapter Four will conclude with a reflection on the current environmental problems and reevaluating human position in the ecological network through speculative fiction.

This thesis aims to rethink the current ecological issues through hyperobjective conditions, as well as dark ecological conceptions, and to reconsider human reaction to these issues in the subscendent thinking but ultimately hopes to increase readers’ ecological awareness.

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