新竹科學園區成立近三十年以來，已發展成為我國高科技產業聚集發展的重鎮與 產業之創新研發基地，為我國最具有國際競爭力之創新與生產環境。儘管科學園區對我國之經濟成長與廠商發展具有高度重要性，但文獻上卻鮮少透過產業面因素、廠商面因素與政府政策面因素，來探討科學園區廠商之競爭優勢與績效來源。因此，本研究將針對新竹科學園區之進駐廠商，以過去相關研究為基礎，採用生態理論、資源基礎理論以及資源互賴理論之觀點建立一整合性架構，探討產業發展、廠商創新能力、及政府科技政策，對科學園區進駐廠商之競爭優勢及績效之影響。

本研究之研究母體為新竹科學園區至 2008年12月止之所有進駐廠商，合計為 430家廠商。在所寄發的1200份問卷中，共回收475份，扣除 27份無效問卷之後，計為 448份有效問卷，有效回收率為37.33%。

本研究依據問卷回收結果，進行複迴歸分析、集群分析與變異數分析與因素分析、判別分析等統計分析，獲得下列研究結果：
（1）、產業生命週期階段不同，會使科學園區廠商之創新能力與競爭優勢有所不同，而產業群聚以及全球網絡關係對於科學園區廠商之創新能力與競爭優勢具有正向的顯著影響。
（2）、科學園區廠商資源與創新能力之企業資源能力、技術創新能力與市場整合創新能力對於廠商競爭優勢具有正向之顯著影響。
（3）、政府科技政策與廠商創新能力之交互作用對於科學園區廠商競爭優勢具有顯著之影響。
（4）、產業生命週期階段不同，會使科學園區廠商之績效有所不同，而產業群聚與資源、創新、品質、成本、動態系統能力等優勢對於科學園區廠商之績效具有正向的顯著影響。
（5）、政府科技政策與科學園區廠商持續性競爭優勢之交互作用對於廠商績效具有顯著之影響。

Abstract

In the past three decades, HsinChu Science Park (HSP) has been the key position gathering High-tech industries, and the base of innovations in Taiwan, which extends the successful experience of HSP, was established for promoting industrial upgrades and balancing region development. Although the significant importance of science parks for economic growth and firm development, little has been done in the literature in examining the relationships among the industry level determinants, firm level determinants, state’s policy level determinants, competitive advantages and performance of the firms. Therefore, this study attempts to fill the gap in the literature by providing an integrative research framework through extensive literature review to identify the key determinants and to examine the relationships among these determinants, the competitive advantages and performance of firms in HSP. Based on ecology theory, resource-based theory, and resource dependence theory, hypotheses were proposed and then examined through an empirical study.

The population in this study is all the 430 firms of HSP. 1200 questionnaires were mailed, 475 responses were received and 27 of them were incomplete. The remaining 448 valid and complete questionnaires were used for the quantitative analysis. It represents a useable response rate of 37.33 %.

The major findings of this study include: First, the results of the regression and ANOVA analyses show support for the direct effects of industry development and firms’ innovative capability on the competitive advantage of firms in science parks. Secondly, the results of ANOVA analyses indicate that state’s science and technology policy and firms’ innovative capability has strong interaction effects on the competitive advantage of firms in science parks. Third, the results of the regression and ANOVA analyses show support for the direct effects of industry development and firms’ competitive advantage on the performance of firms in science-based industrial parks. Fourth, Industries are at different stages of the life cycle, Science Park will make the performance of different manufacturers, and industry cluster with the resources, innovation, quality, cost, capability of dynamic system for the advantage of the performance of Science Park companies have a significant positive impact. Finally, the results of ANOVA analyses indicate that science and technology policy and firms’ competitive advantage have strong interaction effects on the performance of firms in Science Parks.

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